ChaseDream

标题: Season 2——manhattan 25（ on the Tarcoles River ） [打印本页]

作者: 毛毛carina 时间: 2011-10-12 09:40
标题: Season 2——manhattan 25（ on the Tarcoles River ）
25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

In the original sentence, the modifier“whose eyes and noses are peeking out…” incorrectly refers to “shallows.” Whenused to introduce a noun modifier, “whose” always refers to the immediatelypreceding noun. In this case, the author intends to refer to the “crocodiles,”not the “shallows.”

(A) This choice is incorrect as it repeatsthe original sentence.

(B) The modifier “whose eyes and noses peekout…” incorrectly refers to “shallows.” When used to introduce a noun modifier,“whose” always refers to the immediately preceding noun. In this case, theauthor intends to refer to the “crocodiles,” not the “shallows.” Further, thepast tense “encountered” is inconsistent with the present tense “participate.”When there is no compelling reason to change tenses, consistency is preferred.Also, the past tense “encountered” seems to imply that these encounters havealready happened. However, it is clear from the original sentence that theencounters are ongoing occurrences for “vacationers who participate in guidedboat tours.”

(C) The modifier “whose eyes and noses peekout…” incorrectly refers to “shallows.” When used to introduce a noun modifier,“whose” always refers to the immediately preceding noun. In this case, theauthor intends to refer to the “crocodiles,” not the “shallows.” Further, thepast perfect “had encountered” is used incorrectly. The past perfect tenseshould only be used to specify the first of two past events. Here, there are nopast events.

(D)CORRECT. The adverbial modifier “with eyes andnoses peeking out” correctly modifies the verb "lurking." As thisexample shows, adverbial modifiers do not need to be placed adjacent to theverbs they modify. Further, the present tense “encounter” is consistent withthe present tense “participate.”

(E) While the adverbial modifier “with eyesand noses that are peeking out” correctly modifies the verb"lurking," this phrasing is unnecessarily wordy. The more concise“with eyes and noses peeking out” is preferred.

题目点评：
本题涉及考点：时态，修饰，

鉴于未划线部分动词participate用的是一般现在时，根据句意推断，主干中encounter也应该是使用一般现在时，排除B、C选项。

A,B,C选项中，都使用了whose引导定语从句，修饰的是前面一个名词，即shallows，逻辑意思不对，因此排除。其中有筒子回复说A中的are peeking out表达的语义不是太好，这个理解是正确的，它会给人一种“时刻感”，但其实这里描述的是一个普遍现象。

剩下D、E选项，一眼就能对比出E选项wordy了。正确选项D，独立主格成分with eyes and noses peeking out from the surface of the murky water 是伴随状语，表伴随的条件或状态，修饰lurking这个动作，是对它的具体化。

类似句子结构在第一季悬赏令中也有一题：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-589828-1-1.html

另外筒子提到的monkey的这道题也是类似的：

Visitors to the park have often looked upinto the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches. whose arms andlegs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
(B) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
(C) saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
(E) seen monk eys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

思维点评：
1，“DE：用with表伴随，修饰主语动词encounter，表示那些旅行者眼睛和鼻子在水下，那逻辑意思也不符。所以只有B
问毛毛：如果我就针对encounter的时态不可能是过去完成，也不应该是一般现在，是不是能直接选B？”——innerwarrior
With型独立主格，与主句形成紧密的逻辑关系，并不是与主语。它可以修饰主句主语，也可以修饰前面的分句。
句意描述的是一个一直存在的事情，所以恰恰好是要用一般现在时噢。

2，“从句不是完整句直接排除AE，且是进行时with修饰谓语，逻辑不合排除DE，且n that be形式不好
对于谓语一般现在时态考虑who participatein tours修饰主语，我个人没有作为判定主句时态的标准”——geniealice
不太明白第一句话，从句不是完整句？再仔细看看题目。
另外这里with也不是修饰谓语encounter，而是修饰lurking
最后，其实我最想问问的是，为啥看到了participate这个提示，却不用来做判定标准呢？

本次精华帖：
5楼 bonfin（查证OG的精神灰常值得鼓励）
9楼 UlysessHope（重点考察的语法点都注意到了，而且能够把相似的题目串想起来，从而不断加深某方面语法点的记忆，这个能力对SC来说很重要。只有这样，才不会枉费我们之前所练习过的题目。）

作者: ericrainw 时间: 2011-10-12 09:51
选D

作者: nhelpn 时间: 2011-10-12 10:00
A
时态一致。

作者: chaseshi 时间: 2011-10-12 10:20
E！

作者: leo5702 时间: 2011-10-12 10:25

25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out (离crocodiles有点远吧)
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/10/12 9:40:57)

所以选d
顺便问问什么时候公布答案呢？

作者: bonfin 时间: 2011-10-12 10:44
1.关于whose的用法，OG12 102题的解释说要就近修饰（refer to immediate antecedent），所以A、B、C选项中的whose不能修饰crocodiles，排除。
2.分词作定语比从句更为简洁，所以D>E.
3.另外C的过去完成时错误。

选D。

作者: innerwarrior 时间: 2011-10-12 10:50
25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

选B
许多度假者（参与T河观光的）遇到当地的C（潜伏在水里），C的眼睛和鼻子时不时的冒出水面。

A：are peaking out表示正在，和逻辑意思不符。
C：过去完成，意思是现在不会遇到了，和逻辑意思不符
DE：用with表伴随，修饰主语动词encounter，表示那些旅行者眼睛和鼻子在水下，那逻辑意思也不符。所以只有B

问毛毛：如果我就针对encounter的时态不可能是过去完成，也不应该是一般现在，是不是能直接选B？
C

作者: jj449 时间: 2011-10-12 10:57
好trick的题目！选D。

作者: geniealice 时间: 2011-10-12 11:36

25. Many daring vacationers who participate in guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/10/12 9:40:57)

选B

从句不是完整句直接排除AE，且是进行时with修饰谓语，逻辑不合排除DE，且n that be形式不好
C的完成时句中没有指示，排除C
对于谓语一般现在时态考虑who participate in tours修饰主语，我个人没有作为判定主句时态的标准

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-10-12 11:59

25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/10/12 9:40:57)

在不知道 crocodiles lurking peeking 的情况下，选了D
ABC whose应该紧跟被修饰的名词，且BC时态不对
E中that are peeking out累赘

后来查到 crocodiles 鳄鱼，lurking 潜藏，peeking 瞥视（额，原谅我词汇贫乏吧）
那就更选D了~with就近伴随lurking，即伴随鳄鱼的动作

这让我想到了那道visitor和monkeys的题，with是可以就近伴随的（也就是伴随逻辑主语的动作），而不是伴随主语vacationers 的encounter动作

作者: 听枫 时间: 2011-10-12 13:37

25. Many daring vacationers who participate in guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/10/12 9:40:57)

选D
whose指代不清，如果就近原则来看的话whose的逻辑主语只能是shallows，显然不符合逻辑，排除ABC；
DE中逗号后面是with型独立主格结构，其逻辑主语是前面的动作型词，即lurking，符合逻辑；而D选项更简洁。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-10-12 13:46
D
考点：时态、修饰、用词、逻辑表达
语意是很多参加游船旅行团的冒险者在T河看见了在干啥的鳄鱼，鳄鱼的眼睛和鼻子在那时露出水面。

根据时态先把C过去完成时排除掉，过去完成时：
过去完成时表达的是过去的过去，所以需要与一个过去的时态作对比，也即如果句子里面没有特别明显表达过去的过去或者没有某个动词是过去时态，那么必不会出现过去完成时。
A 修饰成分中的are peeking out用现在进行时，感觉好像鳄鱼的眼睛鼻子一直冒出来，不好。whose指代不清。
B encounter的时态应该是与后面peek out的时态一致的，因为当鳄鱼眼睛鼻子冒出来时那些人才会看到鳄鱼呀。所以觉得B语意上没有A好。whose指代不清。
D
我本来认为with放在这个句子末尾，修饰不清：
with结构本应做定语修饰主句宾语，但置于句末会有歧义，因为有做状语修饰主句的嫌疑。
但是搜了with用法的帖子：
with结构需要注意“逻辑主语”，而不是“主句主语”。逻辑主语的含义是动作发出者，状语和逻辑主语的关系如下：状语先修饰动词(可能是非谓语动词)，而被修饰动词的动作发出者便是该状语的“逻辑主语”。
Many daring vacationers encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out...
with eyes and noses peeking out...这个伴随性的动作，修饰的是lurk这个动词，而lurk这个动词的动作发出者是crocodiles，所以with eyes and noses的逻辑主语就是crocodiles
E that are多余，用法不当，使with结构变成了简单的介宾短语。

>.< 这题很难~

作者: lidia57 时间: 2011-10-12 19:24
whose 就近修饰排除ABC
with表伴随应用peeking排除E
选择D

作者: Jimmyzhang2012 时间: 2011-10-12 19:50

25. Many daring vacationers who participate in guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/10/12 9:40:57)

这题是怪难的，考试的时候估计都会超时
抛砖引玉讲下思路吧
首先从未划线处的 participate 判断主句的时态排除BC。未划线处决定答案，这句话是我的 personal favorite
DE相比E多了一个that are,虽然这题我不确定答案，但DE一比肯定划掉E
剩下A和D的二选一
A的whose语义上跳跃修饰crocodile, 我知道which有跳跃指代的可能，但是不清楚whose可不可以。A的另一个可能的疑点在于现在进行时 are peeking out，觉得一般现在时会更好一点。
D选项的with结构语义上是lurking的伴随，但又不知道会不会语法上变成全句的伴随。

猜一个D 考到了自己的薄弱点也期待详细解答。

作者: hhou 时间: 2011-10-13 09:35

25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/10/12 9:40:57)

选D
Whose指代不明确，排除ABC选项
E选项that are peeking out 比较wordy，不如直接用peeking out

作者: 布布布布布丁 时间: 2011-10-13 16:35

25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/10/12 9:40:57)

我选D
考点：时态、修饰、简明性
A.中whose指代不明
B.时态不一致，且犯了与A一样的错误，至于peek out，不知道对不对
C.过去完成时的用法错误，whose指代不明
D.对的
E.基本正确，但不如D简洁，另外有一点，不知道with后面能不能接同位语从句啊

作者: 清飞扬 时间: 2011-10-13 20:22
这题竟然是600-700的level，我好去死了

作者: 引夕 时间: 2011-10-14 09:20
D吧？本来想选B的但看到D觉得用伴随在语义上更好……

作者: clover033 时间: 2011-10-14 11:32
25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out

选A。
1、时态。encounter 不会有过去完成时态，故可以放心排了C；同时游客在Tarcoles River碰到鳄鱼，是一个常态，故认为encounter用过去时也是不合适的，最合适的应该是用一般时表示一个常态。故排除B。
2、逻辑&修辞。整句的结构是：vacationers（主语）...encounter（谓语） crocodiles（宾语）... with + subjects + doing,表示伴随，修饰lurking；而A,B,C的whose指代不明，不知道是vacationers还是crocodiles。
3、wordy。E选项that are 显得多余。故剩下D。

作者: innerwarrior 时间: 2011-10-15 10:18
看成是vacationers who participatein guided。。。CD的排版问题害死人啊。。。哈哈

anyway，还是要谢谢毛毛让我发现了我的with和whose的使用弱点～灰常感谢！

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-7 22:55
25. Many daring vacationers who participate in guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out—》whose 有指代 vacationer 的歧义。
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out—》whose 有指代 vacationer 的歧义。
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out—》whose 有指代 vacationer 的歧义。Had 时态错。
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out—>R with doing 表伴随。
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out—>that are 冗余。

看答案还能指代 shallow呢？？明显逻辑意思不符啊。代词不是优先指代句子的主语？

作者: maxiv 时间: 2011-12-8 02:36
25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River
encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
对
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
participate是现在时，encountered过去时态错。
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
无比较时态，had错。
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
with错，peek out变成了主语vacationers的动作
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out
with错，peek out变成了主语vacationers的动作

作者: 南瓜0729 时间: 2011-12-19 14:21
25. Many daring vacationers who participatein guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out 根据时态排除BC
D？？

作者: maxiv 时间: 2011-12-27 17:44
25. Many daring vacationers who participate in guided boat tours on the Tarcoles River encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out from the surface of the murky water.
A encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out
whose与鳄鱼中间隔着shallows
are很搞笑，好像鳄鱼的鼻子现在（写文章时）还在水面上

B encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
encountered与participate时态不一致。肯定是participate在前吧

C had encountered native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses peek out
had在谁前面？

D encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses peeking out
对。不过with修饰谁呢，最近的noun吗，还是main clause的subj呀

E encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, with eyes and noses that are peeking out
有that后，eyes and noses没有verb了

作者: jamesch 时间: 2012-1-30 23:16
D选项的with引导独立主格没问题，但是eyes and noses 到底是游客的还是鳄鱼的似乎没有指明，略有歧义！

作者: jamesch 时间: 2012-1-30 23:23
反观A选项，encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out （noun modifier）修饰最近noun无争议，但也有例外，如sth of sth ，+ noun modifier 通常修饰前一个sth。因为sth of sth 被看做一个整体，of后面为修饰语，所以中心词应该为前一个sth。而本题中的crocodiles lurking in the shallows似乎也应符合这个原则。望解答！

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-31 14:05
Good question!

为什么"comma+whose ...." 中间的whose必须修饰comma前面的那个名词？以下是Ron说过的：
the "touch rule" does not apply to all nounmodifiers. in general, it applies to the following noun modifiers:
______, which...
______, who/whom/whose...
also these with prepositions in front (______, to which...; ______, eachof whom...; etc.)
NO COMMA + ___ING
COMMA + APPOSITIVE, when the appositive is NOT an abstract noun (see here forthe treatment of abstract noun appositives: post35386.html#p35386)

你举的例子，我来贴Manhattan SC的原话，p234.
这里说，touch rule例外的第一种情况，也就是你想说的情况，叫做——
1) A "mission-critical" modifier falls between.
......
Other examples include parts of a whole.
Right: An ice sheet covers 80 percent OF THE SURFACE OF GREENLAND, an area roughly the size of Alaska.
The modifier an area roughly the size of Alaska modifies not the noun Greenland, but rather the whole phrase 80 percent of the surface of Greenland The "mission-critical" modifier of the surface of Greenland is required next to 80 percent in order to define that percentage.
你看它的解释，最后一句话解释了什么叫做"mission-critical" modifier。
我来通俗说，假如咱去掉这部分"of the surface of Greenland"，
那么就只剩下"An ice sheet covers 80 percent, an area ...." 这句话不make sense。
因为"80 percent"什么都不是！我们必须要用"of ... of ...."来定义(define)清楚这是个什么东西。
所以说，我们不能去掉那部分"of...of..."——这就叫做"mission-critical" modifier

那么回到原题，如果我们去掉"lurking in the shallows"，句子就是 "..... encounter native crocodiles, ...."
这个就很make sense。
那么就说修饰成分"lurking in the shallows"不是那么要紧，就算去掉也没啥大不了的。换句话说，这就不算"mission-critical" modifier.
于是，这里不属于touch rule的例外情况，还是应该遵从touch rule。
而Ron专门也提到过", whose..."绝对遵从touch rule.

至于你说 ", with ..." 可以理解为修饰vacationers，我觉得，从逻辑上不make sense。歧义与否，是看能否产生>1种“符合语法、逻辑、common sense”的理解
斑竹的主贴里面也引用过另一个道类似的题目，那个 ", with..."也是修饰monkeys，而不是修饰全句主语visitors.

说起来，这题", with ..."算是典型的absolute phrase结构，跟咱先前讨论的那道题你问的修饰对象异曲同工。结论都是：修饰什么，由句意逻辑来决定。当时我引了Ron的链接，还造了下面2个句子：
Scientists found that plants undergo photosynthesis, a process taken place in chloroplasts within the cells.
Scientists found that plants undergo photosynthesis, a finding fundamental to biological sciences.

总结如下:
类似于 ", with ..." 这种absolute phrase结构，和主句逻辑相关即可，修饰对象取决于逻辑意思，不局限于就近修饰或者非要修饰主句主语。
类似 ", whose ..." 这种，必须遵从touch rule，修饰逗号前面的名词
而 ", v-ing ..." 是要求跟主句share同一个逻辑主语，还有时态、句意的要求

希望说明白了...欢迎讨论

反观A选项，encounter native crocodiles lurking in the shallows, whose eyes and noses are peeking out （noun modifier）修饰最近noun无争议，但也有例外，如sth of sth ，+ noun modifier 通常修饰前一个sth。因为sth of sth 被看做一个整体，of后面为修饰语，所以中心词应该为前一个sth。而本题中的crocodiles lurking in the shallows似乎也应符合这个原则。望解答！

-- by 会员 jamesch (2012/1/30 23:23:02)

作者: jamesch 时间: 2012-1-31 20:13

Good question!

为什么"comma+whose ...." 中间的whose必须修饰comma前面的那个名词？以下是Ron说过的：
the "touch rule" does not apply to all nounmodifiers. in general, it applies to the following noun modifiers:
______, which...
______, who/whom/whose...
also these with prepositions in front (______, to which...; ______, eachof whom...; etc.)
NO COMMA + ___ING
COMMA + APPOSITIVE, when the appositive is NOT an abstract noun (see here forthe treatment of abstract noun appositives: post35386.html#p35386)

你举的例子，我来贴Manhattan SC的原话，p234.
这里说，touch rule例外的第一种情况，也就是你想说的情况，叫做——
1) A "mission-critical" modifier falls between.
......
Other examples include parts of a whole.
Right: An ice sheet covers 80 percent OF THE SURFACE OF GREENLAND, an area roughly the size of Alaska.
The modifier an area roughly the size of Alaska modifies not the noun Greenland, but rather the whole phrase 80 percent of the surface of Greenland The "mission-critical" modifier of the surface of Greenland is required next to 80 percent in order to define that percentage.
你看它的解释，最后一句话解释了什么叫做"mission-critical" modifier。
我来通俗说，假如咱去掉这部分"of the surface of Greenland"，
那么就只剩下"An ice sheet covers 80 percent, an area ...." 这句话不make sense。
因为"80 percent"什么都不是！我们必须要用"of ... of ...."来定义(define)清楚这是个什么东西。
所以说，我们不能去掉那部分"of...of..."——这就叫做"mission-critical" modifier

那么回到原题，如果我们去掉"lurking in the shallows"，句子就是 "..... encounter native crocodiles, ...."
这个就很make sense。
那么就说修饰成分"lurking in the shallows"不是那么要紧，就算去掉也没啥大不了的。换句话说，这就不算"mission-critical" modifier.
于是，这里不属于touch rule的例外情况，还是应该遵从touch rule。
而Ron专门也提到过", whose..."绝对遵从touch rule.

至于你说 ", with ..." 可以理解为修饰vacationers，我觉得，从逻辑上不make sense。歧义与否，是看能否产生>1种“符合语法、逻辑、common sense”的理解
斑竹的主贴里面也引用过另一个道类似的题目，那个 ", with..."也是修饰monkeys，而不是修饰全句主语visitors.

说起来，这题", with ..."算是典型的absolute phrase结构，跟咱先前讨论的那道题你问的修饰对象异曲同工。结论都是：修饰什么，由句意逻辑来决定。当时我引了Ron的链接，还造了下面2个句子：
Scientists found that plants undergo photosynthesis, a process taken place in chloroplasts within the cells.
Scientists found that plants undergo photosynthesis, a finding fundamental to biological sciences.

总结如下:
类似于 ", with ..." 这种absolute phrase结构，和主句逻辑相关即可，修饰对象取决于逻辑意思，不局限于就近修饰或者非要修饰主句主语。
类似 ", whose ..." 这种，必须遵从touch rule，修饰逗号前面的名词
而 ", v-ing ..." 是要求跟主句share同一个逻辑主语，还有时态、句意的要求

希望说明白了...欢迎讨论

-- by 会员 jamesch (2012/1/30 23:23:02)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/31 14:05:06)

wow! I am impressed! 3X a lot~
也就是说类似于本题的非限定性修饰就算是遇到which也必须遵循touch rule.I think I understand this point now ,You are so great MM !

作者: guipxian 时间: 2014-8-25 16:15
定语从句的用法排除ABC，E又过于wordy，所以选D。

作者: AMBER513 时间: 2019-9-6 20:19
因为participate所以排除BC
A whose用错了
E 独立主格的名词后面不应该加that 从句

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