确认一个关于including的问题，它的逻辑主语到底是谁？ - ChaseDream

A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer’s Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man.

A.Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

B.Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

C.a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

D.a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

E.a Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Son and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man

算是一道争议题吧。答案是E 我选B. 我认为including的逻辑主语three novels. 但是一部分人认为including的主语是JT的作品CANE.

prep07一题
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

(A)merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

(B)as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include

(C)as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes

答案是E. 因此including修饰tools了.

including是不是作为介词，因而它就进修饰名词，所以including的逻辑主语就是就近的那个名词？？？

那为什么还能经常见到 Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and

A.Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

B.Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

C.a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

D.a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

E.a Black American—the others being Richard Wright’s Native Sonand Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man

个人觉得这道题也是选B，首先文中定义的三大杰出作品不是一个美国黑人写的，所以C D E都错，另外A C D E都错在someone being someone... 属于being错的三种形式之一

The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

(A)merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

(B)as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include

(C)as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes

(D)mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes

(E)mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

这里A B首先都错，根据句子逻辑意思可以判断，rather than后面应该跟的是人物的职业或者角色，而不是一种行为，C examining的doing形式没有抽象名词形式examination简洁, D不是错在includes而是错在which，which有模糊指代的嫌疑，是指examination还是指germany呢

Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and money.
including修饰逻辑主语，此时作状语
I like sports, including running.
including此时作非限定性定语，不修饰主语