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标题: [求助]FeiFei-21 关于assumption, support题中的取非问题 [打印本页]

作者: ztlbox 时间: 2004-7-12 23:55
标题: [求助]FeiFei-21 关于assumption, support题中的取非问题

在讨论过的许多assumption, support题中，很多时候大家争论的是在给答案取非后，应该涵盖的范围，比如：some one did something, 他取非后是 some one didnot do something. 还是 no one did something, 或是 Not everyone did something.

下面是一道曾讨论过的题：

讨论费费CR: 第21题
21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?
(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
(C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.
(D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venereal disease.
(E) Beethoven suffered from psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.

关于b答案的争论就在于其取非后是：Some people in Beethoven’s time did ingest mercury. 还是 none in Beethoven’s time ingest mercury.?

以前的讨论说是后者，为什么？

这种取非题中还有什么类似的需要注意的问题吗？

请指教

作者: lawyer_1 时间: 2004-7-13 01:10
取非实际是句子的主项和谓项取非。谓项已解决，是取非变不是，不是取非变是。主项的取非可用画圈法去理解。圈内为主项，则圈外为取非项。如本题，圈内为SOME，则圈外为SOME之外，可理解为：大多数。B项取非后为：那个时候，多数人吃M。如果这样，原文的结论就推不出。

作者: philikittist 时间: 2004-7-15 10:04
some do 的取非一定是no one does，some do 和 some do not是并存的，并不矛盾。

作者: ztlbox 时间: 2004-7-15 14:36

咦，说法不一样了噢。请多发表高见，真理总是越辩越明的。

作者: cranberry 时间: 2004-7-15 17:22

对命题取非不是找命题的否命题。

“部分A是B”的非命题是“全部A都不是B”。这是逻辑上的对当关系。

作者: lawyer_1 时间: 2004-7-15 21:38

cranberry版主是对的，从为何命题取非的根源上可找到答案

1。ASSUMPTION是结论成立的必要条件，必要条件不成立（假命题），则结论也不成立。这就是为何ASSUMPTION的正确选项取非，结论必不成立的原因。一句话，选项取非的含义就是找选项的假命题（或者叫假判断）（因为原文是假设选项是真）

2。从逻辑上讲，假命题和真命题是矛盾关系（四种对当关系中的一种）。逻辑有两种矛盾关系：全称肯定判断和特称肯定是矛盾关系，全称否定和特称肯定是矛盾关系。

3。该文中，C选项为特称否定命题，其矛盾关系的命题为：EVERYONE DO（全称肯定）

。C取非为：那时候，每个人都吃贡。如果这样，则结论不成立

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-15 21:44:04编辑过]

作者: ztlbox 时间: 2004-7-15 22:33
i see,thank you guys

作者: 小女公子 时间: 2005-3-16 13:15
忍不住赞叹一声，精华东东啊！！！！无比仰望中……

作者: dldennis 时间: 2006-10-25 15:42

作者: sanlingjie 时间: 2011-8-16 23:25
神奇啊。。。。。。这么老的帖子也被我翻出来了。。。再次感谢lawyer。。。。。lawyer现在退出江湖了吗？都没看见lawyer的新帖了。。。好怀念啊~~~~~~~~~~~

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-8-17 10:34
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.

Negation:
Some people in Beethoven’s time did ingest mercury.
No people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury

作者: Daken 时间: 2011-8-19 11:15
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.

这个的negation就是No people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
some代表1%-100%，negate就是0%了啊没有什么好纠结的啊。
而no people in beethoven's time did not ingest mercury=everyone in beethoven's time ingest mercury

我是个瞎子啊啊啊啊啊啊啊

作者: Daken 时间: 2011-8-19 11:16
lawer的分析方法和bible不一样。

我是虔诚的~~

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-8-19 11:23
some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness.

If everyone ate Hg, then we cannot based on the finding that M's hair contains Hg to deduce he ate Hg to cure venereal disease. The conclusion falls apart.

作者: Daken 时间: 2011-8-19 13:32
请无视我= =

作者: metesici 时间: 2014-10-20 23:19
好東西！複習這麼久今天才頓悟！

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