Q16 to Q19:
In 1675, Louis XIV
established the Parisian
seamstresses’ guild, the first
Line independent all-female guild
(5) created in over 200 years.
Guild members could make
and sell women’s and chil-
dren’s clothing, but were
prohibited from producing
(10) men’s clothing or dresses
for court women. Tailors
resented the ascension of
seamstresses to guild status;
seamstresses, meanwhile,
(15) were impatient with the
remaining restrictions on
their right to clothe women.
The conflict between
the guilds was not purely
(20) economic, however. A 1675
police report indicated that
since so many seamstresses
were already working illegally,
the tailors were unlikely to
(25) suffer additional economic
damage because of the
seamstresses’ incorporation.
Moreover, guild membership
held very different meanings
(30) for tailors and seamstresses.
To the tailors, their status as
guild members overlapped
with their role as heads of
household, and entitled them
(35) to employ as seamstresses
female family members who
did not marry outside the trade.
The seamstresses, however,
viewed guild membership as
(40) a mark of independence from
the patriarchal family. Their
guild was composed not of
family units but of individual
women who enjoyed unusual
(45) legal and economic privileges.
At the conflict’s center was
the issue of whether tailors’
female relatives should be
identified as family members
(50) protected by the tailors’ guild
or as individuals under the
jurisdiction of the seam-
stresses’ guild.
Q17:
According to the passage, one source of dissatisfaction for Parisian seamstresses after the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild was that
参考答案为A，我选B.
参考答案为A，我选B.
主要是涉及到对： 对“seamstresses,meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.”的理解问题：是对被限定于只能给women做衣服还是对被限定为不能为全部women做衣服感到impatient? 文中提到： Guild members could make and sell women’s and chil- dren’s clothing, but were prohibited from producing (10) men’s clothing or dresses for court women. 我的理解是，court women应该占的比例很少，所以，seamstresses更应该是对被限定为不能给men做衣服而感到impatient。 请NN指点。 Guild members could make and sell women’s and chil- dren’s clothing, but were prohibited from producing (10) men’s clothing or dresses for court women. 我的理解是，court women应该占的比例很少，所以，seamstresses更应该是对被限定为不能给men做衣服而感到impatient。 请NN指点。
主要是涉及到对：
对“seamstresses,meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.”的理解问题：是对被限定于只能给women做衣服还是对被限定为不能为全部women做衣服感到impatient?
文中提到： Guild members could make and sell women’s and chil- dren’s clothing, but were prohibited from producing (10) men’s clothing or dresses for court women. 我的理解是，court women应该占的比例很少，所以，seamstresses更应该是对被限定为不能给men做衣服而感到impatient。 请NN指点。
Guild members could make
and sell women’s and chil-
dren’s clothing, but were
prohibited from producing
(10) men’s clothing or dresses
for court women.
我的理解是，court women应该占的比例很少，所以，seamstresses更应该是对被限定为不能给men做衣服而感到impatient。
请NN指点。
be restricted on --- 对...有限制
be restricted to --- 仅限制于做...
were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women是指对做妇女的衣服有限制(你能做女人的衣服, 但不是所有的, 比如说宫廷贵妇的衣服你就不能做)
文中的impatient与问题中的dissatification对应, 偶选A.
court women比例少不少, 与答题不相关且文中未提到.
我还是倾向于选b.
请大家讨论一下。
17 物品觉得是A
另外，19我觉得有异议
Q19:B A
The author mentions the seamstresses’ view of guild membership as a “mark of independence from the patriarchal family” (lines 40-41) primarily in order to
答案A，我选B
Q17:
According to the passage, one source of dissatisfaction for Parisian seamstresses after the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild was that
A. seamstresses were not allowed to make and sell clothing for all women
B. tailors continued to have the exclusive legal right to clothe men
C. seamstresses who were relatives of tailors were prevented from becoming members of the seamstresses’ guild
D. rivalry between individual seamstresses increased, thus hindering their ability to compete with the tailors for business
E. seamstresses were not allowed to accept male tailors as members of the guild
我一开始选B, 後来仔细看过句子之後,认为原答案A是对的
这个好象应该是common sense吧，女裁缝不许做，要是男裁缝也不许做的话，男人都穿什么呀？：）况且，这里明显表达的意思是：以前是所有衣服都归男裁缝做，现在女裁缝可以做女人和孩子的衣服了。
17题我还是觉得选B更好，当然主要还是在于对这句话的理解：were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.我觉得这句话的意思是：对于仍然限制她们只许做女人的衣服表示不耐烦。
那一段就是围绕conflict的原因，作者提出不仅是economic factor导致conflict。题中所引的那段话就是在讲到一个factor时作为阐释出现的，所以B选项对。A选项错在不是the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild had implications that were not solely economic，而是conflict 的reason 不仅是economic。
19题好混淆，
A emphasize that the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild had implications that were not solely economic
A 看上去像正确答案，因为你不能说它是错的， 但是，这这范围扩得太大了，原文是The conflict between the guilds was not purely economic,
B illustrate the conflict that existed between tailors and their female family members over membership in the tailors’ guild
关键是后面的 conflict.. over membership in the tailors' guild 总结得对不对
At the conflict’s center was
the issue of whether tailors’
female relatives should be
identified as family members
(50) protected by the tailors’ guild
or as individuals under the
jurisdiction of the seam-
stresses’ guild.
感觉用membership 来概括好像不太贴切。
#19
I think the error in choice B is "THE CONFLICT BETWEEN TAILORS AND THEIR FEMALE FAMILY MEMBERS."
At the conflict’s center was
the issue of whether tailors’
female relatives should be
identified as family members
(50) protected by the tailors’ guild
or as individuals under the
jurisdiction of the seam-
stresses’ guild.
We can see from this sentence that the actual conflict is between whether the female family member of the tailors should be in the TAILOR'S GUILD or in SEAMSTRESSES' GUILD.
Chice D says that the conflict is between the FEMALE FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE TAILORS and the TAILORS. No where in the passage mentioned there is a conflict between the two parties picked by Choice D.
Although the conflict of which guild do the female family members belong existed, there is no conflict between female family members and tailors.
thanx and open to discussion ^_^
这个好象应该是common sense吧，女裁缝不许做，要是男裁缝也不许做的话，男人都穿什么呀？：）况且，这里明显表达的意思是：以前是所有衣服都归男裁缝做，现在女裁缝可以做女人和孩子的衣服了。
17题我还是觉得选B更好，当然主要还是在于对这句话的理解：were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.我觉得这句话的意思是：对于仍然限制她们只许做女人的衣服表示不耐烦。
男人可以自己做呀，嘿嘿！我这是抬杠了
现在觉得B对，同意
当然主要还是在于对这句话的理解：were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.我觉得这句话的意思是：对于仍然限制她们只许做女人的衣服表示不耐烦。
16)
The primary purpose of the passage is to
16题大家都没什么疑问么？ 为什么选B？newly created 明显是错的呀。
我选的的是D。“underlying reasons” is same with “scource and confilcts”
17我选B,
A 中的sell文章里没提过, 只说不能做某类的, 没说不能卖
A 中的sell文章里没提过, 只说不能做某类的, 没说不能卖
我觉得这里clothe 把make和sell都包括了。mm你看呢？
A 中的sell文章里没提过, 只说不能做某类的, 没说不能卖
我觉得这里clothe 把make和sell都包括了。mm你看呢？
17题，想了半天，还是同意A。
B中的最主要错误是tailors这个放大了范围。clothe women应该包含了make和sell了。那个时候应该还不像现在这样有那么多专卖店、商场，那时候买衣服应该是去找裁缝来作的。
be restricted on --- 对...有限制
be restricted to --- 仅限制于做...
were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women是指对做妇女的衣服有限制(你能做女人的衣服, 但不是所有的, 比如说宫廷贵妇的衣服你就不能做)
文中的impatient与问题中的dissatification对应, 偶选A.
court women比例少不少, 与答题不相关且文中未提到.
我觉得要是理解成对做妇女的衣服有限制的话，那是不是应该用 the remaining restrictions on their right in clothing women, 而不是to, 既然用to, 可能还是不满意不能为男人做衣服吧。
我也不明白16的B，我选A， 当然debate好象也不对。可是B中的the newly creat实在是离谱的说。
The primary purpose of the passage is to
17 A
19 B
I agree to choose : B A D A.
for q16, because i did not find debate in a, or opposing view in C, or reason in D or misconception in E, , B is the best.
for Q17, there is only one mentioned fact responsile for the unsatisfaction, please look up: "Guild members could make and sell womens's and children's clothing, but were prohibited from producing men's clothing or dresses for court women.", " seamstresses, meanwhile, were impatient with the remainming restrictions on their rights to cloth women". I think answer A is the best.
for Q18, "At the conflict’s center was the issue of whether tailors’ female relatives should be identified as family members protected by the tailors’ guild or as individuals under the jurisdiction of the seamstress' guild". I think the group of relative is very special and different from both individual seamstresses and tailors. then I choose D.
for Q19, according the content " The seamstresses, however, vies guild membership as a mark of independence from the patriarchal family. Their guild was composed not of family units but of individual women who enjoyed unusual legal and economic privileges". I think "unusal legal and economic privileges" is most consistent with what was mentioned in answer A.
我认为这句话不是这样解的，to clothe women应该修饰their right，remaining修饰restrictions，所以应该是 在their right to clothe women方面有remaining restrictions。
如果是caterpillar的解法，不符合restriction on的英文表达方式，可能要用restriction to N-->to 为介系词。
还有逻辑问题，因为这些女裁缝的客户可以是children+非court women，所以用caterpillar的解法(只许做女人的衣服)不够周延，因为漏掉了小孩的衣服。
从另一个角度去思考：(大家参考看看，这点扯比较远)
由
1.15行-->impatient with
2.39行-->view guild membership "as a mark of independence from the patriachal family"
表示女裁缝对guild的态度是正负皆有的
加以考量时空背景，个人认为女裁缝不可能对于"不准做男人的衣服"感到不满，反而应该觉得理所当然！(揣摩一下当时的妇女心态，不但不太可能有individualist feminism的观点，甚至连relational feminism都还没出现!!参考OG.p360关于女权的那篇)；如果对这个限制都感到不满，他们对guild的态度就不至于有39行的说法了，在文章其他地方也找不到正面的支持了
同意AGOOD POINT
Why is the answer for 18 is D? I donot see anything wrong with E.
Q18:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was true of seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’ guild?
E错在working women上。
下面这句话是什么意思哈：
A 1675 police report indicated that
since so many seamstresses
were already working illegally,
the tailors were unlikely to
(25) suffer additional economic
damage because of the
seamstresses’ incorporation.
I agree to choose : B A D A.
for q16, because i did not find debate in a, or opposing view in C, or reason in D or misconception in E, , B is the best.
for Q17, there is only one mentioned fact responsile for the unsatisfaction, please look up: "Guild members could make and sell womens's and children's clothing, but were prohibited from producing men's clothing or dresses for court women.", " seamstresses, meanwhile, were impatient with the remainming restrictions on their rights to cloth women". I think answer A is the best.
for Q18, "At the conflict’s center was the issue of whether tailors’ female relatives should be identified as family members protected by the tailors’ guild or as individuals under the jurisdiction of the seamstress' guild". I think the group of relative is very special and different from both individual seamstresses and tailors. then I choose D.
for Q19, according the content " The seamstresses, however, vies guild membership as a mark of independence from the patriarchal family. Their guild was composed not of family units but of individual women who enjoyed unusual legal and economic privileges". I think "unusal legal and economic privileges" is most consistent with what was mentioned in answer A.
great!
这两题我也有不同意见，
17 就不说了，谢谢醋MM的精辟解释。
19 还是该选A，我觉得这个答案是从最后一段文章中出来的。最后一段一开始就说了：
The conflict between
the guilds was not purely
(20) economic,
后面是在举例说明。所以这里问作者的目的，应该从大一点的方向考虑。
You are wrong. I think A is the right answer.
17我选B,
A 中的sell文章里没提过, 只说不能做某类的, 没说不能卖
Q18:
Itcan be inferred from the passage that which of the following was trueof seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’guild?
17. A.
B中continued to就注定了是错的。文章中根本没提以前的状况。
19. B.
A.emphasize that the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild had implications that were not solely economic
文中17-20: The conflict between the guilds was not purely economic, however. 说的是conflict,又不是制订guild的conflict.
支持 18. E , 19.A
18題問的是seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailor's guild而最後一段強調的是因為有了(類似)獨自的經濟能力，所以藉此提高身價，而在男人主宰的家庭中有了一點點地位。D不選的理由同32樓。
19題，B中tailor's guild 如果改成seamstresses' guild才有可能對。因為，他們怎麼可能會對tailor's guild有conflict呢?
household, and entitled them
(35) to employ as seamstresses
female family members who
did not marry outside the trade
谁来解释一下,这话是什么意思?我明白大概的意思,至少是说TAILOR雇佣女裁缝,,,,那个AS什么意思?
19同意A,B对比对象是MALE TAILOR和 their female family members ,我觉得要对最少应该是
MALE TAILOR和seamstresse比较,family members是该段最后提到的CONTROVERSIAL POINT.我的答案是BADA！
19题不同意选B，这篇文章通篇都在说两个guild的conflict, 从来都没说过男裁缝和他们的女家庭成员的conflict啊
household, and entitled them
(35) to employ as seamstresses
female family members who
did not marry outside the trade
谁来解释一下,这话是什么意思?我明白大概的意思,至少是说TAILOR雇佣女裁缝,,,,那个AS什么意思?
这句话用正常语序看就很好理解了：
entitled them to employ female family members (who did not marry outside the trade) as seamstresses.
他们被赋予了可以雇佣没有与外行业结婚的女性家庭成员做裁缝的权力。
employ sb as sth
对18题还是存有疑问 d的选项在文章里好像找不到对应的地方，请高手指点
重新看了一遍，赞成18题选E. 题目问的是tailor的亲戚雇佣的女裁缝怎样，而不是问tailor的亲戚怎样
这两题我也有不同意见，
17 就不说了，谢谢醋MM的精辟解释。
19 还是该选A，我觉得这个答案是从最后一段文章中出来的。最后一段一开始就说了：
The conflict between
the guilds was not purely
(20) economic,
后面是在举例说明。所以这里问作者的目的，应该从大一点的方向考虑。
说得好
19的A B 好像都有问题
A: 文中是“The conflict between the guilds was not purely economic”，A项“the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild had implications that were not solely economic”什么意思，好像不一致嘛
B：“over membership in the tailors’ guild”好像也不对嘛
晕啊！
重新看了一遍，赞成18题选E. 题目问的是tailor的亲戚雇佣的女裁缝怎样，而不是问tailor的亲戚怎样
请看清题目：seamstresses employed by (relatives who were members of the tailors' guild)
是tailor雇用的亲戚，而不是tailor亲戚雇佣的女裁缝
对18题还是存有疑问 d的选项在文章里好像找不到对应的地方，请高手指点
同问，文中哪里有对应阿？我只看到说对于“female relatives应受哪个行会保护”存在争议，其他的没说她们怎么样啊
18题 应该是D 而不是E 理由在于:
18题问的是 那些不属于 女裁缝工会的(或说未加入的), 的情况
而文中出现independence from...的地方只有在这里:
The seamstresses, however,
viewed guild membership as
(40) a mark of independence from
the patriarchal family.
可以看出, 是viewed GUILD MEMBERSHIP as .... 而不是E选项中的view their working women status.(status as working women)
而D 的对应在紧接着上面的
Their
guild was composed not of
family units but of individual
women who enjoyed unusual
(45) legal and economic privileges.
对于17题,我认为是A
首先,
be restricted to do A 是某人被限制只能做A
restriction on A = 做A的限制 金山的例句:
The restrictions on the use of the playground are:no fighting, no damaging property.
使用这场地的条件是:不准打架, 不准损坏设施。
意义完全不一样
接着分析一下文中句子
meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.
重新分析一下这句. 我的理解是 "女裁缝们对给妇女做衣服这个权利上残余的限制感到impatient." 也就是说女裁缝们被给予了权利,(冲破了一定的限制)但这个权利中依然有限制
显然,这个restriction是被限定在为妇女做衣服的权利这个范围之内了,
那什么是remaining restriction呢, 显然就是不能为court women做衣服(即非所有的妇女)
如果要把剩余的限制解释为 不能为男人做衣服,
相当于把这句话:
The restrictions on the use of the playground are:no fighting, no damaging property.
使用这场地的条件是:不准打架, 不准损坏设施。
理解成 限制使用该场地
所以我认为要表达对"不能做男人衣服的不满"这个意思,则文中应该出现类似的句子:
they were impatient with the restriction to their right to (only) clothe women.
they were impatient that they were still be restricted to clothe women.
所以17不应该是B
对于17题,我认为是A
首先,
be restricted to do A 是某人被限制只能做A
restriction on A = 做A的限制 金山的例句:
The restrictions on the use of the playground are:no fighting, no damaging property.
使用这场地的条件是:不准打架, 不准损坏设施。
意义完全不一样
接着分析一下文中句子
meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.
重新分析一下这句. 我的理解是 "女裁缝们对给妇女做衣服这个权利上残余的限制感到impatient." 也就是说女裁缝们被给予了权利,(冲破了一定的限制)但这个权利中依然有限制
显然,这个restriction是被限定在为妇女做衣服的权利这个范围之内了,
那什么是remaining restriction呢, 显然就是不能为court women做衣服(即非所有的妇女)
如果要把剩余的限制解释为 不能为男人做衣服,
相当于把这句话:
The restrictions on the use of the playground are:no fighting, no damaging property.
使用这场地的条件是:不准打架, 不准损坏设施。
理解成 限制使用该场地
所以我认为要表达对"不能做男人衣服的不满"这个意思,则文中应该出现类似的句子:
they were impatient with the restriction to their right to (only) clothe women.
they were impatient that they were still be restricted to clothe women.
所以17不应该是B
agree.
18題：D
藍色這段表明：做為seamsress guild的成員，是具有經濟上的獨立性
The seamstresses, however,
viewed guild membership as
(40) a mark of independence from
the patriarchal family. Their
guild was composed not of
family units but of individual
women who enjoyed unusual
(45) legal and economic privileges.
綠的這段表明：衝突的來源在於talor's female是否是具有獨立性的個體（從而享有經濟的獨立地位）屬於seamstress guild，還是附屬於tailor的guild。
At the conflict’s center was
the issue of whether tailors’
female relatives should be
identified as family members
(50) protected by the tailors’ guild
or as individuals under the
jurisdiction of the seam-
stresses’ guild.
兩相對照就知道，一定是seamstress employed by relatives who were member of the tailor's guild缺乏像seamstress guild member那樣的獨立性，不然就不會有衝突了。答案D。
Guild members could make
and sell women’s and chil-
dren’s clothing, but were
prohibited from producing
men’s clothing or dresses
for court women.
文中只说不许买 men’s clothing or dresses给court women，没说不许卖衣服给court women啊! 其它类型的衣服照样可以卖给court women
我觉得17题的A不对
对于17题,我认为是A
首先,
be restricted to do A 是某人被限制只能做A
restriction on A = 做A的限制 金山的例句:
The restrictions on the use of the playground are:no fighting, no damaging property.
使用这场地的条件是:不准打架, 不准损坏设施。
意义完全不一样
接着分析一下文中句子
meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.
重新分析一下这句. 我的理解是 "女裁缝们对给妇女做衣服这个权利上残余的限制感到impatient." 也就是说女裁缝们被给予了权利,(冲破了一定的限制)但这个权利中依然有限制
显然,这个restriction是被限定在为妇女做衣服的权利这个范围之内了,
那什么是remaining restriction呢, 显然就是不能为court women做衣服(即非所有的妇女)
如果要把剩余的限制解释为 不能为男人做衣服,
相当于把这句话:
The restrictions on the use of the playground are:no fighting, no damaging property.
使用这场地的条件是:不准打架, 不准损坏设施。
理解成 限制使用该场地
所以我认为要表达对"不能做男人衣服的不满"这个意思,则文中应该出现类似的句子:
they were impatient with the restriction to their right to (only) clothe women.
they were impatient that they were still be restricted to clothe women.
所以17不应该是B
同意BADA
这篇的生词把我害惨了，感觉很影响理解，错了2个
T-4-10:GWD-13-18:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was true of seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’ guild?
应该是E. 文中没有提到D.
我觉得18T中的那个THEY FELT很诡异,文章就没有说到那些被TAILOR雇佣的女性的感受啊~
19T,我怎么觉得A.B都不对啊~首先A里面的establishment of the seamstresses' guild had implication...就不对~并不是行会的建立暗示了什么;
但是B里面的conflict over membership in tailors' guild肯定错,文中说的是conflict over memvership in guild's, 这里的GUILD应该是包含tailors' and seamstresses'
keys~~
对于我这类没什么逻辑只凭直觉的文科生，是如此弱滴解释１７题地：
对于Ｂ选项：女裁缝不是不满男裁缝可以做男人衣服，而是不满自己不能做男人衣服（要注意这２点是不一样的哦）
哈哈．．．非常弱的解释，不过自我感觉应该是这样吧．．．
看了ＮＮ们的解释真是觉得严谨才是硬道理～
以上
17 A
A is "not allowed to ... for all women"
has 3 key words in original reading materials
not all woman= not" court woman", not allow= "remaining restrictions", make and sell="clothe" women
这篇RC的参考答案问题比较多.我做的是ABDA,看了前面的讨论觉得这个选择是对的,供讨论.
另外想说一点:原文其实说了有两个guild,之前一个男的,后来一个女的,但放在全文最后一句才直接说出来,这点明白了对后面两题的理解有帮助.
给 court women 做衣服要收钱吗？是属于 sell吗？
19题我选了A，
Q19:
The author mentions the seamstresses’ view of guild membership as a “mark of independence from the patriarchal family” (lines 40-41) primarily in order to
Answer: A
BADB
agree
BAEB
我认为文中的tailor雇佣的女裁缝就是女裁缝行会的啊~~~ 一共只有2波人啊
19题怎么会是A的？
注意19题在讲establishment of the guild 而文中讨论的是 conflict
BAEA,key 太混乱了.
文章意思似乎没有理解透, TAILOR指?? SEAMSTRESSES指??望NN指点...
看了解释，错了两个，同意大N们的BADA，自愧不如啊
TAILOR指男裁 SEAMSTRESSES指女裁，但是有一点很重要，没理解好导致我错了两个，就是男裁中还请了一部分没参加女裁协会的女人，他们是不那么追求独立的
我的答案是BADB
16选B没有疑义
原文：seamstresses, meanwhile, (15) were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.在Longman上查到：clothe：to provide clothes for yourself or other people，所以clothe不光代表make clothing，也可以包括sell clothing。解决这一点就不需考虑较间接的答案B了。
18 原文：To the tailors, their status as guild members overlapped with their role as heads of household, and entitled them (35) to employ as seamstresses female family members who did not marry outside the trade. The seamstresses, however, viewed guild membership as (40) a mark of independence from the patriarchal family.
试着翻译和解释：对裁缝师而言，他们身为裁缝工会的成员和身为一家之主的身份上是有重迭的，(怎么说呢，因为)身为一家之主，给了他们一种权力，让他们能够雇用未婚的女性家庭成员来作为the seamstresses，然而the seamstresses却把工会的资格当成是一种从父权家庭独立出来的一种象征。
这里employ翻雇用倒不如说是命令她们作义工，因为outside the trade表示身为一家之主的要这些女生作衣服事实上是不给酬劳的，由此可知在这个时代，一家之主的地位是很高的，也就是只要在这个时代的家庭，要做衣服，通常是请家里的女生，例如妈妈、阿姨或是女儿来做，就算她做了几十年，手艺再怎么高，也不会有人付她钱，所以我想当时的人应该都把会作衣服的女人当做seamstresses，而会做衣服的男人是tailor，tailor算是职业而seamstresses不算。可是自从seamstresses工会成立之后，开始有了改变，拥有了工会资格的seamstresses开始自觉到自己已经不必再是家庭附属品了。所以，对于新一代拥有工会资格的seamstresses来看，那些原本传统的只是由家庭的亲戚来担任的seamstress，也就是本题要问的seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of tailors’ guild，他们(传统的seamstresses)就无法享受到拥有工会资格的seamstress同样的经济和法律上的优势了，也就是D所说的They did not enjoy the same economic and legal privileges that members of the seamstresses’ guild enjoyed. 因此选D，E指的是新一代的工会资格的seamstress而不是由relatives担任的seamstress因此不能选。
19定位从L40一直到最后一行，尤其是最后一句话：At the conflict’s center was
the issue of whether tailors’ female relatives should be identified as family members (50) protected by the tailors’ guild or as individuals under the jurisdiction of the seam stresses’ guild.，这句是倒装句：会产生纠纷最主要就是在于那些本来在男tailor家的女seamstresses到底应该是属于tailor工会还是属于seamstresses的工会，男tailor会说，她是我家的亲戚应该属于tailor工会，而女seamstresses会想去seamstresses的工会因为如此才能享受更好的权力，这就是B的意思。A是指在初期seamstresses的工会的创立所造成的影响不光只在经济上的。没错，但我觉得范围太宽了。而且如果选A,那为何不选C，我觉得C的意思跟A是相同的。
唉，明天就要考AT了，结果还写得那么长~~~好紧张喔~谁来给我加油一下
男裁缝雇佣了女性亲戚后，她们自然成了女裁缝行会的会员（因为她们是女的，又是裁缝）．而她们又是男裁缝的雇员,所以也属于tailor行会．她们将会员视为独立于家庭的标志，女裁缝不含家庭单元，而是独立享有特权的女性．争论核心：这些亲戚属于哪个行会：男裁缝认为属于他们的行会，女亲戚自己视自己为女裁缝行会的成员（因为这是独立的标志）.于是有了B
A的行会建立含义(the establishment of ....had implication)文中并没有讨论
鼎鼎
My answer:
B A D A
My point of view:
16/ B
17/
According to the passage, one source of dissatisfaction for Parisian seamstresses after the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild was that
A. seamstresses were not allowed to make and sell clothing for all women
B. tailors continued to have the exclusive legal right to clothe men
C. seamstresses who were relatives of tailors were prevented from becoming members of the seamstresses’ guild
D. rivalry between individual seamstresses increased, thus hindering their ability to compete with the tailors for business
E. seamstresses were not allowed to accept male tailors as members of the guild
A
"seamstresses, meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women."
从修饰关系看，to clothe women是修饰right的，因此是“对在为妇女制衣上尚存的限制表示不满”，前面有nn已经做过分析；
此外，补充一点：结合前文对该行会的限制（were prohibited from producing men’s clothing or dresses for court women）和这里的remaining看，这个理解是准确的。
18/
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was true of seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’ guild?
A. They were instrumental in convincing Louis XIV to establish the seamstresses’ guild.
B. They were rarely allowed to assist master tailors in the production of men’s clothing.
C. They were considered by some tailors to be a threat to the tailors’ monopoly.
D. They did not enjoy the same economic and legal privileges that members of the seamstresses’ guild enjoyed.
E. They felt their status as working women gave them a certain degree of independence from the patriarchal family.
D
题干：It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was true of seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’ guild?
说明涉及的对象是“seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’ guild”，也就是说是普通的seamstresses；
题干同时说infer，文中应该没有直接涉及——文中确实没有直接提到普通seamstresses的状况；而通过加入guild的seamstresses的变化（The seamstresses, however, viewed guild membership as a mark of independence from the patriarchal family. & ... enjoyed unusual legal and economic privileges）可以infer出普通普通seamstresses的状况，即选项D：
They did not enjoy the same economic and legal privileges that members of the seamstresses’ guild enjoyed.
这里的争论焦点就是：是不是所有的seamstresses都是属于seamstresses guild的，我认为不是，因为：
Their guild was composed not of family units but of individual women who enjoyed unusual legal and economic privileges.
注意这里的women who ... 是限制定语。
19/
The author mentions the seamstresses’ view of guild membership as a “mark of independence from the patriarchal family” (lines 40-41) primarily in order to
A. emphasize that the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild had implications that were not solely economic
B. illustrate the conflict that existed between tailors and their female family members over membership in the tailors’ guild
C. imply that the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild ushered in a period of increased economic and social freedom for women in France
D. provide an explanation for the dramatic increase in the number of women working as seamstresses after 1675
E. indicate that members of the seamstresses’ guild were financially more successful than were tailors’ female relatives protected by the tailors’ guild
A
二段的中心在其首句：The conflict between the guilds was not purely economic, however.
二段后面事实都是对该句的展开从而例证。
另外，对于争议颇多的B（illustrate the conflict that existed between tailors and their female family members over membership in the tailors’ guild）：
仔细看句子，说的是“tailors和他们女性家庭成员之间关于membership in the tailors’ guild的冲突”，文中没有涉及。
大家讨论~
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