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标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-19】 [打印本页]

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-14 23:22
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-19】
Prep

Which of the following most logicallycompletes the argument?

Researchers recently asked dozens ofshoppers, chosen at random coming out of a FoodBasket supermarket, what theyhad purchased. The prices of the verysame items at the nearest ShopperKing supermarket were totaled and comparedwith the FoodBasket total. TheShopperKing totals averaged five percent higher than the FoodBaskettotals. Nevertheless, this result doesnot necessarily show that shoppers at ShopperKing would save money overall byshopping at FoodBasket instead, since __________.
A. shoppers who shop regularly at a givensupermarket generally choose that store for the low prices offered on the itemsthat they purchase most often
B. for shoppers with more than 20 items, theShopperKing totals averaged more than five percent higher than the FoodBaskettotals
C. many shoppers consider factors other thanprice in choosing the supermarket at which they shop most regularly
D. there is little variation from month tomonth in the overall quantity of purchases made at supermarkets by a givenshopper
E. none of the people who conducted theresearch were employees of the FoodBasket supermarket
Answer: A
2. Personnel officer: The exorbitant cost of our health-insurancebenefits reflects the high dollar amount of medical expenses incurred by ouremployees. Employees who are out of shape,as a group, have higher doctor bills and longer hospital stays than do theircolleagues who are fit. Therefore, sincewe must reduce our health-insurance costs, we should offer a rigorous fitnessprogram of jogging and weight lifting to all employees, and require employeeswho are out of shape to participate.
The conclusion reached by the personnelofficer depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. A person who is fit would receive aroutine physical checkup by a doctor less regularly than would a person who isout of shape.
B. The medical expenses incurred by employeeswho are required to participate in the fitness program would be less than thoseincurred by employees who are not required to participate.
C. The strenuous activities required ofout-of-shape employees by the program would not by themselves generate medicalexpenses greater than any reduction achieved by the program.
D. The fitness program would serve moreemployees who are out of shape than it would employees who are fit.
E. The employees who participate in thefitness program would be away from work because of illness less than would theemployees who do not participate.
Answer: C
3. Political advocacy groups have begun to useinformation services to disseminate information that is then accessed by thepublic via personal computer. Since manygroups are thus able to bypass traditional news sources, whose reporting isselective, and to present their political views directly to the public,information services present a more balanced picture of the complexities ofpolitical issues than any traditional news source presents.
Which of the following is an assumption onwhich the argument above depends?
A. Information services are accessible toenough people to ensure that political advocacy groups can use these servicesto reach as large a percentage of the public as they could through traditionalnews sources.
B. People could get a thorough understandingof a particular political issue by sorting through information provided byseveral traditional news sources, each with differing editorial biases.
C. Information on political issuesdisseminated through information services does not come almost entirely fromadvocacy groups that share a single bias.
D. Traditional news sources seldom reportthe views of political advocacy groups accurately.
E. Most people who get information onpolitical issues from newspapers and other traditional news sources can readilyidentify the editorial biases of those sources.
Answer: C
4.Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occurirregularly in East Africa, several yearsapart. When outbreaks do occur, theykill thousands of cattle. A livestockvaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to useroutinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination,administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little. Nevertheless, experts predict that use of thevaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.
Which of the following, if true, providesthe strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?
A. Rift Valley fever is spread bymosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical tocontrol it by using insecticides.
B. When an outbreak of Rift Valley feveroccurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countriesaffected by the outbreak.
C. It would take less than a month forproducers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with alarge increase in demand.
D. Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers,who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hitby outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.
E. Recently published research has shownthat certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, withintwo to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.
Answer: E
5. Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless.

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-9-15 22:55
我昨天已经考了，成绩不理想。

但是十分十分感谢逻辑小组的所有人员！！！！！

很喜欢你们！！！谢谢大家！！！

接下来开始托福~~

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-9-16 01:19
今天做了3题，觉得很诡异，选对了，但都是靠排除法。。。呜呜呜，自己怎么也猜不到答案的。
1：33s
The prices of the same items in SK is 5% higher than in the FB
Since:。。。。。。。。。。。。
Conclusion: the result doesn’t show that shopping in the FB will save money than shopping in the SK
A
是不是这样理解“人们会比较每个相同的商品在不同店的价格，而不是比较总体价格，就是说，如果，A 在FB便宜，就去FB买，A在SK便宜就在SK买，而不会关买ABCDE这么多东西的总体价格。”？？？？？

2：46s
Premise：employees are out of shape will pay more for their health-insurance.
Premise: the company will offer a program of jogging and weight lifting for its employees, and they want those employees who are out of shape will take part in this program.
Conclusion: the company must reduce their health-insurance
Guess: the program can help those employees keep fit.
Choice: C

睡了，睡了，今天又晚了，明天接着写~
加油，争取下次自己能想对方向!!

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-16 06:07

我昨天已经考了，成绩不理想。

但是十分十分感谢逻辑小组的所有人员！！！！！

很喜欢你们！！！谢谢大家！！！

接下来开始托福~~

-- by 会员纳丁Cat (2011/9/15 22:55:25)

纳丁不要灰心！我也是9/08考的，也不理想，所以准备三战！就算是考T也不要忘了经常回来啊~因为非常喜欢纳丁每次那么详尽的解释！
纳丁加油~！

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-16 07:04
45s
Premise: The S.K has 5% higher price 9 in average of total price than F.B.
Conclusion: This doesn't meant that shoppers would save more money in F.B than in S.K.
Assumption: The shoppers pay more tax or other fees in F.B.
A: A (他因说人们都会选最便宜的商品去买，即使total price average比较高，但有些单价商品还是很便宜的，所以可以吸引顾客）

26s
Premise: The workers who are not fit pay more doctor bills than the workers who are fit.
Conclusion: The company needs to provide the fitness program for non-fit workers.
Assumption: The workers who are not fit will follow the fitness program schedule.
A

(选错了，不仔细看题。题目在说reduce doctor bill, 而不是fitness program attraction)

39s
Premise: The information services can bypass different political views.
Conclusion: The information services present more views than do the traditional services.
Assumption: Most people are able to access information service.
A：C (negate方法）

40s
Premise: The vaccine is not routinely used since the outbreak will occur again after the effectiveness of vaccine expired in 1month.
Conclusion: The scientists predict that the use of vaccine will increase significantly in next few years.
Resolve: The special matter inside of Vaccine can become more effective after recognizing the bacteria when it exposed the second time.
A: C(完了，这道题彻底被虐了）
NN解释：E.Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.
1. Vaccine is too expensive.
2. Vaccine is not effective after one month injected.
In order to strengthen the experts' point that the Vaccine's use will increase in next few years, we can either restore 1 or 2. E restores 2 since the vaccine can be used more widely if the experts can predict the climate 2-5months before the outbreak occurs.
被followed by结构搞混了~~虐死~~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-16 07:05

今天做了3题，觉得很诡异，选对了，但都是靠排除法。。。呜呜呜，自己怎么也猜不到答案的。
1：33s
The prices of the same items in SK is 5% higher than in the FB
Since:。。。。。。。。。。。。
Conclusion: the result doesn’t show that shopping in the FB will save money than shopping in the SK
A
是不是这样理解“人们会比较每个相同的商品在不同店的价格，而不是比较总体价格，就是说，如果，A 在FB便宜，就去FB买，A在SK便宜就在SK买，而不会关买ABCDE这么多东西的总体价格。”？？？？？

2：46s
Premise：employees are out of shape will pay more for their health-insurance.
Premise: the company will offer a program of jogging and weight lifting for its employees, and they want those employees who are out of shape will take part in this program.
Conclusion: the company must reduce their health-insurance
Guess: the program can help those employees keep fit.
Choice: C

睡了，睡了，今天又晚了，明天接着写~
加油，争取下次自己能想对方向!!

-- by 会员 bananazoo (2011/9/16 1:19:36)

bana这么晚还复习？PF！！

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-9-16 13:55
呵呵，糊糊，我是晚睡起的晚的孩子（10点多才醒

）~夜猫子。。。不要学哦~
昨天同学那儿看了会图片就晚了~但每天的任务要完成呀~就跑回来做了些，呵呵
答应大家，BANA要早点睡的，否则考试睡着了可不好~哈哈

作者: corneliaflower 时间: 2011-9-18 00:13
1 the total prices of the very same items at SK are 5% higher than at FB.
However, shoppers at SK go to FB do not mean saving money.
题目最后一句理解错意思了，直接导致选错呜呜
看了狐狐的解释清楚多了

2 out-of-shape employees cost higher health-insurance than employees who are fit.
So we must make a fitness program for out of shape to reduce the health-insurance costs.
~在运动中不出什么其他事故
这题算是唯一做得比较顺的了

3 Political advocacy group disseminate information via personal computer
由于许多groups绕过传统的信息源直接发布其观点给大众，这比起传统信息源发布方式提供了一个更公平的关于复杂政治事件的picture.
？？？
没看懂啊~ 这题超级没头绪谁给讲讲

4 RV的爆发会使成千上万的牛死亡。一种抵抗RV的疫苗并没有广泛使用因为其价格高昂且一个月后就失效。
专家预测这种疫苗在近几年使用量将显著上升
这道题也不懂啊为什么是E啊不明把

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-18 00:50
花儿，题目是这样叙述的：

3. Political advocacy groups have begun to use information services to disseminate information that is then accessed by the public via personal computer. (背景） Since many groups are thus able to bypass traditional news sources, whose reporting isselective, and to present their political views directly to the public （premise）,information services present a more balanced picture of the complexities of political issues than any traditional news source presents_________（结论）

Premise: 说因为新的information services可以提供traditional news sources并且将political views直接公布出来。

Conclusion：所以说information services比traditional new sources提供一个更完整平衡的政治issues。
答案是 Information on political issues disseminated through information services does not come almost entirely from advocacy groups that share a single bias.
注意does not，如果我们将does not用取非的方法，为information on political issues...through information service do come almost entirely from.....that share a single bias.
如果information service share a single bias,那么就是weaken我们的结论了，应该说information service报道更全面比traditional serive更好才对！所以选项就是它了！

第四道题，我把解释写在我回答的下面了，花儿可以看看。。

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-18 00:53
to bana：嗯，bana要注意身体，刚才做kid的逻辑时又看见bana了。嘿嘿，被我逮到了~~

作者: corneliaflower 时间: 2011-9-18 23:32
狐狐第三题我明白了
可是第四题为什么专家能预测Rift Valley fever会爆发疫苗的销量就会上涨？它不是会失效吗？干嘛还用疫苗啊？
是不是只有一秒这一种办法能防止Rift Valley fever呀？

我觉得我已经走向死胡同了...

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-19 02:09

狐狐第三题我明白了
可是第四题为什么专家能预测Rift Valley fever会爆发疫苗的销量就会上涨？它不是会失效吗？干嘛还用疫苗啊？
是不是只有一秒这一种办法能防止Rift Valley fever呀？

我觉得我已经走向死胡同了...

-- by 会员 corneliaflower (2011/9/18 23:32:35)

4.Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle. （背景信息来着的）A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used（sub-conclusion）. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely（premise 1）, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination,administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little （premise 2）. Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years（这个才是主结论，即反对前面的那个conclusion）.

经过对题干的分析以后，我们了解到两个原因：
1.药物太贵，farmers买不起 2.疫苗注射一个月以后就失效了
结论是大家都不用这个疫苗，然后专家却说疫苗会很快流行起来，为什么？
根据专家说得，我们要不就是weaken原因1，即farmers都买得起了（但是我觉得这不是导致不用疫苗的直接原因）；要不就是weaken原因2，即疫苗其实还是很有效的（相比较原因1来说更有说服力）

然后我们来看选项E:

Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.

近来的研究表明这种可以被识别的天气状况是被这种fever跟随的。换句话就是这种天气如果可以被识别出来，那么之后的2-5个月里这种fever就会爆发。这样专家就有了了解这种fever什么时间爆发的依据，从而在合适的时机注射这种疫苗，就可以避免vaccine的失效。
花儿的想法之前我也有，后来想了想觉得应该是说：疫苗在注射以后一个月还没有爆发这种病的话，疫苗就会失效，原因是因为不能很好的预测fever什么时候爆发。而这里的E正好弥补了这个缺陷，疫苗在注射以后就可以开始起到效用，原因是因为我们可以很好的预测fever爆发的时间。
花儿再想想，人们为什么用疫苗？主要就是为了预防对不对？就是为了在发病前预防这种病对我们的侵害，但疫苗也有有效期，这就是为什么每年我们都要接种flu vaccine的原因。
不过这道题目确实比较模糊，要小小的结合一下常识，虽说这是在GMAT里面不应该的。
花儿明白了不？

作者: corneliaflower 时间: 2011-9-19 08:42
太感谢狐狐了
完全明白了

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-9-19 09:09
恩，还想着把bat大师抓过来呢，因为狐狐的解释确实不如bat的好，嘿嘿，不过花儿明白就达到目的了！

作者: joelee1991 时间: 2011-9-19 18:35
1.30S
BG:ask shoppers ouf of FB supermarket what they buy.
Premise:1.FB's price is 5% lower than S.
2.木有。
conclusion：shoppers purchase in FB not to save money.
ask for the second premise.

guess:FB相比S有不同于价格的因素。
C
2.25S
BG：high cost in medical show high expentisure.
premise:1.people who are out of shape have more difficulties with hospital.
conclusion：we should set some exercise programs to let employee who out of shape take part in.
guess:the assumption 排除了除了肥胖所致的一切其他原因。
C。
3.37S。
BG：advocate group use information services to spread news which then by personalcomputer.
premise:1.since these political opinions directly send to the internet bypass the traditional way.
2.木有。
conclusion：the information can balance the picture of many political views than traditional way
C
4.43S.
BG:一种病不定时大爆发，爆发时死很多牛。一种疫苗不常背用。
premise：1.太贵。
2.一个月以后就无效了。
conclusion:还是预言这种疫苗会被广泛使用。
C。

崩溃，又是错两题..第一题因为粗心。结论没有开清楚....最后一题的E选项没有看懂.....导致没选....

作者: jinyueyue 时间: 2012-10-20 09:23
10.20+【2-19】新人加入作业NO.1！如下
1.31s
BG:researchers asked shoppers about what they buy at a F.
PRE

1).the price of the verysame items are totaled and compared with S. (2).S is 5% higer in total than F
CON：shoppers wouldn't save money at S than in F
可能方向：其他原因让顾客在S比在F消费多我选择：C 正解：A
错因：没有想到total price高，单价不一定也高。要关注price间差别！
2.忘记计时了==
BG:exorbitant health-insurance benefits reflects high medical expenses.
PRE

1).overweight employees have higher medical expenses
(2)the need to reduce health-insurance costs
CON

ffer and require overweight employees to attend fitness program.
可能方向：参加项目可以让员工更健康我选择：C 正解：C
3.50s
BG

group begun information service to disseminate public information
PRE

1)many group's select is elective
(2)P want to present views directly
CON

can provide a more balanced picture to public.
可能方向：P发布信息不受其他因素限制我选择：A 正解：C
错因：答案应该是P的新信息来源更全面没有关注news resources没有恰当使用取非法。
4.39s
BG

1)a fever outbreaks irregularly,and kills cattles.
(2)a vaccine against the fever exists but rarely used.
PRE:the vaccine too exepensive and not effective within 1 month.
CON:expert predict the use of the vaccine will increased.
可能方向：vaccine有明显优势，缺点可以忽略不计我选择：C 正选：E
错因：看了FOX 答案才明白，原来专家可以提前预测出五个月的天气情况，那么vaccine就可以提前用了==好绕好绕
5.什么情况题没打完么？
就对了一道好忧桑。。。。。

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-10-23 22:43
1.
Prices in total in supermarket A is higher than prices in total in supermarket B.
But it does not means it shoppers in A go to B instead they would save money.

resolve the paradox: there are some shoppers only buy products whose prices are lower at A than at B.
A

2.
BG: Exorbitant cost of health insurance for employees are mainly from the bills of unfit employees
PM: we must reduce the cost
CC: we should offer the employees who are out of shape fitness program

Assumption: Fitness program do have positive effect on keeping the employees away from doctor... or the extra expenses on the fitness program won't exceed the cost of health care insurance

3.
BG: Political advocacy groups offer info services, so that audience would bypass the traditional news.
PM: Traditional ways of reporting are selective and might have biases.
CC: The info services offered by political advocacy group present a better balanced picture of political issues

Assumption: the political advocacy groups themselves do not have any biases.C

4.
BG: Outbreaks of a disease in cattle irregularly happens in East Africa.
PM: A vaccine against the disease is too expensive and exert its effect after a month. Farmers cannot afford it as a routine protection.
CC: But it is predicted that the vaccine will be increasingly used.

Resolve the paradox: Other factors: eg. government will sponsor the farmer for the vaccine?
Answer: there might be indication before the disease's outbreaks longer than 1 month so that farmers cannot use the vaccine in ahead of time.

作者: yuehuasunday 时间: 2013-11-20 16:42
1-18

1.

Background: Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders.

Premise: But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.

Conclusion: So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.

© Correct

2.

Background: Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.

Premise: Archaeologists have hypothesized

Conclusion: the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.

(B) Correct

3.

Background: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.

Premise: Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments

Conclusion: which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects

(E)

4.

Background: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.

Premise: However, many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive,

Conclusion: same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.

(A) Correct

5.

Background: United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care.

Premise: Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.

Conclusion: Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.

(B) Correct

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