ChaseDream

标题: Season 1——manhattan 12(moon was formed from)(已结贴） [打印本页]

作者: 毛毛carina 时间: 2011-9-13 22:40
标题: Season 1——manhattan 12(moon was formed from)(已结贴）
12. Some scientists suggest the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps by ameteor.
A. the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
B. that the moon was formed from part of the Earth that had perhaps been dislodged
C. that part of the Earth formed the moon, which was dislodged perhaps
D. the moon was formed out of part of the Earth, having perhaps been dislodged
E. that the moon had been formed from part of the Earth, which perhaps had been dislodged

选项解析：
There are several errors in the original sentence. First, “some scientists suggest the moon…” illogically indicates that the moon is the object of the verb “suggest.” The scientists are not suggesting the moon, rather they are suggesting something about the moon. Second, “formed out of” is wordier than the preferred idiom “formed from.” Finally, the relative pronoun “which” must refer to the immediately preceding noun, suggesting illogically in this case that “the Earth” was dislodged by a meteor. It is more likely that the author intends to say that “a part” of the Earth was dislodged, or that “the moon” was dislodged from the Earth.
(A) This choice is incorrect as it repeats the original sentence.
(B) CORRECT.This choice begins with “some scientists suggest that the moon was formed…” clearing up the confusion from the original sentence about what the scientists are suggesting. Second, this choice uses the preferred idiom “formed from.” The modifying phrase “that had perhaps been dislodged” correctly refers to “part of the Earth.”
(C) The use of the active verb “formed” is incorrect here because it illogically suggests that “part of the Earth” had an active role in forming the moon.
(D) First, “some scientists suggest the moon…” illogically indicates that the moon is the object of the verb “suggest.” The scientists are not suggesting the moon, rather they are suggesting something about the moon. Second, “formed out of” is wordier than the preferred idiom “formed from.”
(E) The scientists suggest that two actions occurred: “the moon had been formed” and “part of the Earth…had been dislodged.” Both of these actions took place in the distant past, and it is logical to infer that the part was dislodged, and later the moon was formed from it. However, this choice uses the past perfect tense for both actions, incorrectly indicating that the part was dislodged and the moon simultaneously formed. Furthermore, the past perfect tense is only used correctly to indicate that one action took place prior to some other action in the simple past tense; this sentence has no verbs in the simple past tense, so the use of the past perfect tense is not warranted.

题目点评：
修饰、时态、固定搭配

本题第一种破题方法：应该用which还是that还是用结果状语对前文进行修饰，直接排除A,C,D,E得出答案。当然也可以用“时态”和“suggest后跟that比不跟更好”进行进一步的确认。如果熟悉定语从句（非限定性与限定性的区别）、having done的用法，本题可以在15秒内得出答案。

另一种做题思维（适合赶时间的勇士，但不推荐平时练习这么做）：
宾语从句一般有that比没有that好（记住，没有that在很多场合不能算是绝对性错误，有了that只是让句子结构更加清晰），排除A,D（前三词先杀两个选项）；part of the Earth必须被限定，杀掉A,C,E。最后留下B。

第三种做题思维（适合阅读能力强的童鞋）：看到这个句子，想到月球被dislodge应该发生在月球形成以前，所以应该dislodge用过去完成时，而月球形成用一般过去时，排除A,C,E。另外想到having been dislodged用于修饰part of the earth比修饰moon更好，所以排除D选项。最后得到B。

比较上面提到的三种解题思维，如果能够从逻辑出发思考时间的先后秩序，无疑是最好、正确率最高的选择。

which和that的区别在于两点：
(1)限定性定从与非限定性定从的区别（见prep08-sc语法笔记2-168补充说明）
(2)虽然which也可以跳跃修饰，但是除非逻辑特别特别明显或从句谓语单复数一致性要求，which一般还是就近修饰。在此which就倾向于修饰the Earth。而that则可以比较自由，逻辑上只要跳跃修饰更好一点，那么就可以跳跃修饰（这个区别很subtle）。
*：本题这两点区别都可以把A,C,E秒杀。

having done的用法：其所表达的事件发生在主句事件以前。（详见prep08-sc语法笔记1-188补充说明）

过去完成时：
过去完成时表达的是过去的过去，所以需要与一个过去的时态作对比，也即如果句子里面没有特别明显表达过去的过去或者没有某个动词是过去时态，那么必不会出现过去完成时。

还有一点要注意：看到suggest不能马上就认为应该用虚拟语气，suggest只有表示建议的时候后面才用虚拟。貌似木有同学犯这个错误~

思维点评：
1. “that引导的限定性定语从句就近修饰，”――紫诺
“B里面定语从句修饰prat of the Earth还是the Earth太混淆了。”――helio5
“a,b,e的which/that都指earth”――innerwarrior
无论是that和which引导的定语从句都不是绝对就近修饰的，修饰对象应该是根据最合理的逻辑意思来判断，具体的that和which之间的区别见上面“题目点评”。

2. “且根据主动优于被动的原则排除B”――紫诺
“用主动语态能够更有效的表达原句的意思”――helio5
“GMAT考试中主动优于被动，以及B中比较莫名的过去完成时态，削弱了选项B是为正确答案的可能性”――clover033
C选项用了主动恰恰是错误所在，C选项的表达好像再说part of the Earth主动地修成了moon，而事实上moon的形成是偶然的、客观的。

“主动优于被动原则”确实存在，其流行可以说缘于上世纪影响很大的文法名著《the Elements of Style》（这本书对简洁清晰有近乎偏执的追求，因此与GMAT的很多思想不谋而合，所以应该也算是GMAT备考要是时间多可以拿起来看看的好书）的推广，但是最近几年随着语法的发展，无论是学术界还是商界，更多人开始偏向于用被动语态来表示“客观性”、“被动性”（非主观、非主动）。而其实GMAT也是一门进步中的学科（所以不要惊讶过去的一些规律被打破），现在的GMAT已经摒弃了这个规则，在很多情况下，特别是做客观性描述时，也已倾向于用被动语态（同样地，对于which倾向于指代最近的名词这一点，也已经开始在最近的题目中出现越来越多的例外）。总之一点，这些看着条条框框的规则，以后做题时一定都要丢掉！

曾有人问，不知道怎么丢，没有条框、原则更不知道怎么下手。
首先，条框很多都是错的，照着做只会跟着错。
其次，做题时可以先找找看语法点，然后分析为什么该语法点会存在，比如本题：为什么被动语态被接受，到底好在哪里，现在明白了，是为了表达“客观性”，那么这个规则就丢掉了，不是吗？因此，想得越多，丢掉越多。到考场上应对SC理想的状态应该只有一句话：前后一致，结构简洁，语义单一而精准。

to clover033: 虽然我们选得确实是正确的可能性最大的选项，但是，“可能性最大”是基于理性分析（以“前后一致，结构简洁，语义单一而精准”为准则），而不是基于套用条框原则的。

3. “A&D: 省略了that, 句子變成 "Some scientists suggest" "the moon... "=>run- on sentence, 所以排除AD.”――jeforever
此处不能算run-on sentence哦，宾语从句省略连接词that的情况其实GMAT里面也常有出现，只不是那都是在表意非常清晰的情况下。此处补出that更为清晰，因为suggest后面可以直接接noun，不去分析语法结构的读者（正常读者都不分析）在读这个句子的时候会以为some scientists suggest the moon是一个整体，因此造成了表意不清。

这一点，也就是语法笔记2008使用说明Tpis中的第一条：做题时可以站在读者的角度看题，也即“我”作为一个读者，看这句话的时候会不会产生另一个外一个理解，或者会不会感觉绕口看不懂，往往这样的选项就是错的 — 正确选项常常是最清晰简洁的那个。

3. “Cwhich修饰moon？”――nhelpn
“所以应该是月亮（也就是地球之前的一部分）离开原位，而不是地球整体。”――200814005
虽然确实可以说moon被dislodged，但是本题中which had been dislodged修饰part比修饰moon更好（但都不错），而SC里面是选最好的。

4. “至于很多筒子强调的B中的had been的事情发生先后顺序的问题，个人觉得，had been/done 只有和have/has been/done在一起用才会起到表示先后顺序的问题。而单独出现的话，还是要看有没有时间标志词嗯。所以B，不对。”――200814005
“感觉had been dislodged时态也不是很好。”――helio5
首先，不要用感觉，而要用逻辑意思来做SC。
其次，两个动作前后发生，虽然一个主句，一个从句，但是已经足够让其中一个是过去完成时，一个是一般过去时了。另外，had been/done基本上都是和一般过去时连用的（来表达比过去还要过去），或者单独出现的话，正如200814005所说，要看有没有时间标志词。

其实细想我们可以发现，have作为表示时态的助动词时，作用是将时态比参照时间段还往前提一个时间段。

做题小tips：
思考清楚事件的时间先后关系可以极大地帮助解题，同时，时态问题，基本上必须从逻辑入手。比如本题，如果明确了时间先后关系，就可以确定前者was formed要用一般过去时，had been dislodged要用过去完成时。

固定搭配如果可以记住更好，记不住，别太担心，基本上单独考固定搭配的概率很小（1%），遇到是属于运气比较不好了。固定搭配基本上需要死记，有部分可以通过组成固定搭配成分的含义推出，比如in和over的区别，但是考场上极可能没有那么多时间。

精华楼层：
5楼――bbfcsak (头像和语言都很幽默)
9楼――200814005(查证的精神值得鼓励)
14楼――纳丁Cat(“甩出去”。。。Orz)

作者: 紫诺 时间: 2011-9-13 22:46
原句的意思：一些科学家认为月亮是由地球的一部分形成的，可能是被流星驱逐出去的

suggest引导的宾语从句中，that不能省略排除A D
which 引导的非限定性定语从句就近修饰，根据句意，后半个分句修饰的是moon，排除E
that引导的限定性定语从句就近修饰，且根据主动优于被动的原则排除B
选C

作者: 弗拉多 时间: 2011-9-13 22:47
B吧

C的意思不对

作者: 弗拉多 时间: 2011-9-13 22:49
AE选项的which
D选项的having
C选项改变了原句的意思

作者: shentao1237 时间: 2011-9-13 23:34
选B
A、D省略了that，直接排除
C中which修饰moon逻辑意思不对
E时态错误，form和dislodge之间应该是有先后的

作者: bbfcsak 时间: 2011-9-14 01:29
选b。
按照逻辑意思考虑先，月球是在地球被ameter炸开后才形成的，所以地球被ameter炸是先发生的，而月球从地球分出来是后发生的，介于两个时间都是发生在过去，那么显然地球被ameter炸需要用过去完成时。
所以A错误，因为A表达的意思是月球形成是在地球被ameter炸之前发生，逻辑错误。
然后C选项，从逻辑意思出发，你会发现which指代了moon，也就是说地球形成的moon，moon是被ameter炸开的。显然的逻辑错误。
然后D选项，动词ing形式表伴随，解释前面的句子，于是having的发出者变成了上个句子的主语the moon，逻辑意思错误，同C选项，所以排除。
然后E选项，过去完成时只有在有跟过去时比较时才能使用，显然这个选项同时用了两个过去完成时是不正确的，而且这两个时间的发生是有明显的顺序的，同时用过去完成时就忽略了题目凸显这前后顺序的目的。所以排除。

然而答案b，是最符合逻辑意思的，有过去时和过去完成时，有鲜明的先后顺序，且指代分明。所以正确答案是B

gmat考试逻辑为王！！！！

作者: jeforever 时间: 2011-9-14 08:45
答案選B
A&D: 省略了that, 句子變成 "Some scientists suggest" "the moon... "=>run- on sentence, 所以排除AD.
C: which修飾了moon錯誤, 按照邏輯是要修飾part of the Earth, 排除C.
E: 前後兩句都使用過去完成式, 無法表達事情發生先後順序, 邏輯錯誤!, 排除E.

B: that指代正確且時態清楚

作者: nhelpn 时间: 2011-9-14 09:47
C
which修饰moon？

俺同意紫诺的意见。

作者: 若雪 时间: 2011-9-14 13:38

12. Some scientists suggest the moon hadbeen formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps by ameteor.
A the moon had been formed out of part ofthe Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
B that the moon was formed from part of theEarth that had perhaps been dislodged
C that part of the Earth formed the moon,which was dislodged perhaps
D the moon was formed out of part of theEarth, having perhaps been dislodged
E that the moon had been formed from partof the Earth, which perhaps had been dislodged

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/9/13 22:40:32)

B
一些科学家暗示说月亮是由地球的一部分组成【那部分是被流星驱逐的】
suggest后如果是完整句子需要加that从句排除 AD
时态。先驱逐再form moon, 所以moon was formed, part of the earth had been...
同时这个that限定性修饰part of the Earth 整体。
B

作者: 200814005 时间: 2011-9-14 15:45

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/9/13 22:40:32)

我觉得其实BC争议的点无非是在于which到底是修饰moon还是earth,或者说 dislodged到底修饰的是谁。

刚去查了一下朗文。上面的例句是：Ian dislodged a few stones as he climbed up the rock.

dislodge的解释是to force or knock something out of its position。
所以应该是月亮（也就是地球之前的一部分）离开原位，而不是地球整体。
所以C的which没有错。

至于很多筒子强调的B中的had been的事情发生先后顺序的问题，个人觉得，had been/done 只有和have/has been/done在一起用才会起到表示先后顺序的问题。而单独出现的话，还是要看有没有时间标志词嗯。所以B，不对。

作者: innerwarrior 时间: 2011-9-14 16:06
12. Some scientists suggest the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps by ameteor.
A the moon had been formed out of part ofthe Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
B that the moon was formed from part of theEarth that had perhaps been dislodged
C that part of the Earth formed the moon,which was dislodged perhaps
D the moon was formed out of part of theEarth, having perhaps been dislodged
E that the moon had been formed from partof the Earth, which perhaps had been dislodged

一开始有些没什么头绪。。。
从语义判断，a,b,e的which/that都指earth，和后面所说的dislodged by a meteor逻辑有问题，留下CD
D有问题，逗号+having been dislodged用法wordy。
所以选C

作者: helio5 时间: 2011-9-14 17:42
支持选C
B里面定语从句修饰prat of the Earth还是the Earth太混淆了。
感觉had been dislodged时态也不是很好。
用主动语态能够更有效的表达原句的意思

作者: clover033 时间: 2011-9-14 23:59
A,D,E就不用说了，重点是选B，还是C。
认为，was dislodged，被驱逐的，是part of the earth，但是这个part of the earth=moon，选项B中that引导的限制性定语从句紧跟the earth，所以是修饰part还是the earth很模糊；C中的which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的就是moon，意味着其实也就是修饰part of the earth，从这点来说，相对于选项B就显得更为准确。

再加上GMAT考试中主动优于被动，以及B中比较莫名的过去完成时态，削弱了选项B是为正确答案的可能性，

所以，选C，+1。

作者: 听枫 时间: 2011-9-15 08:44

-- by 会员毛毛carina (2011/9/13 22:40:32)

AE的which指代不明确，就近指代的是earth
C的which指代的是moon
D的having主语省略，但承前省略的话应该是moon而不是parts of earth

应该选B，句子没有歧义且简洁

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-9-15 23:18
12. Some scientists suggest the moon hadbeen formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps by ameteor.
A the moon had been formed out of part ofthe Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
B that the moon was formed from part of theEarth that had perhaps been dislodged
C that part of the Earth formed the moon,which was dislodged perhaps
D the moon was formed out of part of theEarth, having perhaps been dislodged
E that the moon had been formed from partof the Earth, which perhaps had been dislodged

本句意思是，一些科学家认为月亮以前是地球的一部分，是被一个流星撞出去的。以前有个阅读JJ讲了月亮形成的3种理论，这就是其中一种。

考点：修饰，时态。

首先本句要解决一个大的问题，就是时态的问题，然后才轮到修饰。想一想，到底是先地球的一部分成为了月亮，还是先被甩出去了？应该是先甩出去，再形成月亮，不然月亮只能是地球的一部分，就没有形成之说了。

得出结论：甩出去用过去完成时，形成用一般过去时，才能很好的表明先后关系。

A suggest 跟从句，that不能省。

B 正确。 part of the Earth that 。A of B that修饰，根据句意，这里修饰part。

C 甩出去应该用过去完成时，表明先后。

D suggest 跟从句，that不能省。

E 前后都用过去完成时错误。

作者: Matrixrl 时间: 2011-9-16 09:55
c，没答案公布的？

作者: nhelpn 时间: 2011-9-16 11:21
B: The lock suggests that she was forced to stay in the 2nd floor of the house that had been built by her father ???
C: The lock suggests that she was forced to stay in the 2nd floor of the house, which was built by her father ???

哪句话更对咩？？？house和floor分别被谁修饰捏？？？
非限定性定语从句，和限定性定语从句，此处是啥区别捏？？？

作者: nhelpn 时间: 2011-9-16 11:34
B. Some scientists suggest that the moon was formed from part of the Earth that had perhaps been dislodged by ameteor.

可不可以改写成：B. Some scientists suggest that the moon was formed from part of the Earth dislodged by ameteor ？？？

这两个句子呢（只考虑语法，不考虑科学实际的话

）：
Some scientists suggest that the planet BBB was formed from moon that had perhaps been dislodged from Earth by ameteor ？？？
Some scientists suggest that the planet BBB was formed from moon, which was dislodged from Earth by ameteor ？？？

自己乱想头大中......

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-9-17 03:21

B: The lock suggests that she was forced to stay in the 2nd floor of the house that had been built by her father ???
C: The lock suggests that she was forced to stay in the 2nd floor of the house, which was built by her father ???

哪句话更对咩？？？house和floor分别被谁修饰捏？？？
非限定性定语从句，和限定性定语从句，此处是啥区别捏？？？

-- by 会员 nhelpn (2011/9/16 11:21:16)

语法上两句话都对，用that和which都对，修饰的都是house，只是两句话表达的含义不同。
用that表示附近有很多幢房子，而其中一幢是她爹建的。
用which就没有这个意思。
如果细看，B选项呢“that had been ”是累赘的。
C选项呢，which was built by her father这句话属于另一个意群，逻辑上不应该做前面分句的从句，不过放一下也没错，只是觉得有些啰嗦。

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-9-17 14:23

可不可以改写成：B. Some scientists suggest that the moon was formed from part of the Earth dislodged by ameteor ？？？

-- by 会员 nhelpn (2011/9/16 11:34:06)

如果只考虑语法是可以的。
SC中的话perhaps要通过从句表现出来，所以还是需要用从句(as you knew)。

这两个句子呢（只考虑语法，不考虑科学实际的话

）：
Some scientists suggest that the planet BBB was formed from moon that had perhaps been dislodged from Earth by a meteor ？？？
Some scientists suggest that the planet BBB was formed from moon, which was dislodged from Earth by a meteor ？？？

可以的，本来就是可以说moon被dislodged的。只是manhattan12的原题里，that had been dislodged修饰part比修饰moon更好（但都不错），而SC里面是选最好的。一定要建立优选思维哦（不过优选思维也一定要建立在逻辑分析的基础上）。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-10-7 21:24
惊叹大家都百发百中 T.T 我的时态特别弱嗯嗯时态要靠逻辑我不能随便凭感觉选遇到时态问题先想好逻辑顺序。

作者: innerwarrior 时间: 2011-10-8 23:57
灰常同意楼上的

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-11-30 11:29
B
宾语从句后面的that不可省，修饰，时态。dislodge这个单词不认识。。。囧：vt. 逐出，驱逐；使……移动；用力移动 vi. 驱逐，逐出；离开原位
1.根据that 不可省，排除AD，having been done 不简洁。
2.which 修饰moon，改变句意。
3,。E：had been 时态不对。

作者: maxiv 时间: 2011-12-14 16:21
12. Some scientists suggest
the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
by ameteor.
A. the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
the moon错，既做subj又做obj
B. that the moon was formed from part of the Earth that had perhaps been dislodged
第二个that修饰地球，错

C. that part of the Earth formed the moon, which was dislodged perhaps
错。part 不能 form moon，而是月亮被formed

D. the moon was formed out of part of the Earth, having perhaps been dislodged
对

E. that the moon had been formed from part of the Earth, which perhaps had been dislodged
which指代地球了，错

学到的东西
》》that其实不是修饰“of介词短语里面的名词earth”，而是修饰 part + “介词短语”
1，看that指代的东西时，注意不要光看prep短语里面的noun，被prep phrase修饰的noun也要看

》》我靠。A都看出来了，D没看出来？同一个错误好吧？无语了啊！！！！！
2，做关键排除的时候，一定要仔细看其他选项呀。D排除漏了。。。

作者: 南瓜0729 时间: 2011-12-20 20:17
12. Some scientists suggest the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps by ameteor.
A. the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
B. that the moon was formed from part of the Earth that had perhaps been dislodged
C. that part of the Earth formed the moon, which was dislodged perhaps
D. the moon was formed out of part of the Earth, having perhaps been dislodged
E. that the moon had been formed from part of the Earth, which perhaps had been dislodgedsuggest 后面加that+句子
AD属于run-on句型排除
which指代 earth 排除C
the earth 用非限定性定语从句修饰
选E BE中间不太确定

作者: maxiv 时间: 2011-12-29 19:18
12. Some scientists suggest the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps by ameteor.
A. the moon had been formed out of part of the Earth, which was dislodged perhaps
B. that the moon was formed from part of the Earth that had perhaps been dislodged
C. that part of the Earth formed the moon, which was dislodged perhaps
D. the moon was formed out of part of the Earth, having perhaps been dislodged
E. that the moon had been formed from part of the Earth, which perhaps had been dislodged

1，the moon不能被suggest。AD错。
2，两个had been，E错。
3，part formed moon错，part不能做这个动作，应该是被动的。C错。

正解B

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-26 14:15
斑斑的点评太精彩了！！！
这活动还有木有啊，强烈呼唤~

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