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标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-16】 [打印本页]

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-9-11 13:30
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-16】
Powerscore paradox专题。唯一的兴趣--------->看你们受虐。

Paradox

NO.1

1.Industry experts expect improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments. A recent survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s, the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage above?

A.A similar survey found that the number of onthe-job accidents remained constant after job safety training in the transportation sectorwas improved.
B.Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.
C. Manufacturers tend to improve job safetytraining only after they have noticed that the number of on-the-job accidents has increased.
D. It is likely that the increase in the number ofon-the-job accidents experienced by many companies was not merely a random fluctuation.
E.Significant safety measures, such as protective equipment and government safetyinspections, were in place well before the improvements in job safety training.

NO.2
2. Cigarette companies claim that manufacturing both low- and high-nicotine cigarettes allows smokers to choose how much nicotine they want. However, a recent study has shown that the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pact of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day's worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the finding of nicotine study?

A. Blood cannot absorb more nicotine per day than that found in the smoke from a package of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available.
B. Smokers of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available generally smoke more cigarettes per day than smokers of high-nicotine cigarettes.
C. Most nicotine is absorded into the blood of a smoker even if it is delivered in smaller quatities.
D. The level of tar in cigarettes is higher in low-nicotine cigarettes than it is in some high-nicotine cigarettes.
E. When taking in nicotine by smoking cigarettes is discontinued, the level of nicotine in the blood decreases steadily.
NO.3

3.Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun. Although some of the sugar in the grapes is caramelized in the process, nothing is added. Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is the water that evaporates during the drying, and water contains no calories or nutrients. The fact that raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do is thus puzzling.

which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie than do grapes?

A. Since grapes are bigger than raisins, it takes several bunches of grapes to provide the same amount of iron as a handful of raisins does.
B. Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.
C. The body can absorb iron and other nutrients more quickly from grapes than from raisins because of the relatively high water content of grapes.
D. Raisins, but not grapes, are available year- round, so many people get a greater share of their yearly iron intake from raisins than from grapes.
E. Raisins are often eaten in combination with other iron-containing foods, while grapes are usually eaten by themselves.
NO.4

4. Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of nearbypredators, depending on whether the danger comes from land or from the air.

Which one of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the behavior of vervet monkeys described above?

A. By varying the pitch of its alarm call, a vervet monkey can indicate the number of predators approaching.
B. Different land-based predators are responsible for different numbers of vervet monkey deaths.
C. No predators that pose a danger to vervet monkeys can attack both from land and from the air.
D. Vervet monkeys avoid land-based predators by climbing trees but avoid predation from the air by diving into foliage.
E. Certain land-based predators feed only on vervet monkeys, whereas every predator that attacks vervet monkeys from the air feeds on many different animals.
NO.5 AA

The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.

“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-9-11 13:33
答案在此楼。选中即可偷看。

B A B D

解析见 bible P 210-212

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-9-11 13:35
此为考试的AA。

1.收集信息不充分：没有指出谁搜集的数据，如何搜集。可能有bias
2.因果关系不成立：两件事同时发生可能存在因果
3.让步。可能存在time shift。几年前的执政方式，可能不适用。或者。XXX人老珠黄了。

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-9-11 15:09
9-11
1. 15s
1.Industry experts expect improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments. A recent survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s, the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage above?

Infor: more often than not, job safety training can reduce job accidents. However, in a company, immediately after the job safety training, the job accident rate becomes higher.

Explain: after 1980s. many new works who have no time get training get into the company.

A.A similar survey found that the number of onthe-job accidents remained constant after job safety training in the transportation sectorwas improved.
B.Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.
C. Manufacturers tend to improve job safetytraining only after they have noticed that the number of on-the-job accidents has increased.
D. It is likely that the increase in the number ofon-the-job accidents experienced by many companies was not merely a random fluctuation.
E.Significant safety measures, such as protective equipment and government safetyinspections, were in place well before the improvements in job safety training.

Key: B 不太明白

2. 35s
2. Cigarette companies claim that manufacturing both low- and high-nicotine cigarettes allows smokers to choose how much nicotine they want. However, a recent study has shown that the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pact of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day's worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the finding of nicotine study?

Infor: company said that their low- and high- nicotine goods provide choice for customers to choose. However, a survey shows that two kinds of people consume the different kinds shows identical level of nicotine in blood.

Explain: people only have the ability to convey a low level of nicotine in blood.

A. Blood cannot absorb more nicotine per day than that found in the smoke from a package of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available.
B. Smokers of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available generally smoke more cigarettes per day than smokers of high-nicotine cigarettes.
C. Most nicotine is absorded into the blood of a smoker even if it is delivered in smaller quatities.
D. The level of tar in cigarettes is higher in low-nicotine cigarettes than it is in some high-nicotine cigarettes.
E. When taking in nicotine by smoking cigarettes is discontinued, the level of nicotine in the blood decreases steadily.

Key: a other factors

3. 50s
Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun. Although some of the sugar in the grapes is caramelized in the process, nothing is added. Moreover, the only thing removed from the grapes is the water that evaporates during the drying, and water contains no calories or nutrients. The fact that raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do is thus puzzling.

which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie than do grapes?

Caramelized 使成焦糖
Infor: raisins during drying change surge into caramelized and only remove water that does not contain iron or calorie. However, the raisins contain more calorie more iron per calorie is puzzling.

Explain: during drying, grapes can convey some sunshine into calorie.

A. Since grapes are bigger than raisins, it takes several bunches of grapes to provide the same amount of iron as a handful of raisins does.
B. Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.
C. The body can absorb iron and other nutrients more quickly from grapes than from raisins because of the relatively high water content of grapes.
D. Raisins, but not grapes, are available year- round, so many people get a greater share of their yearly iron intake from raisins than from grapes.
E. Raisins are often eaten in combination with other iron-containing foods, while grapes are usually eaten by themselves.

Key : B clues
A , the issue is not focus on the size of the grapes or raisins.
B explain the paradox should be focus on the differences between two objects. And the only difference between grapes and raisin is caramelized sugar, we should explore this point. The conclusion is more iron per calorie, B explain that countable calories is less so the rate is less.

4. 10s

Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of nearbypredators, depending on whether the danger comes from land or from the air.

Which one of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the behavior of vervet monkeys described above?

Infor: V monkeys use different calls to warm others about the predators, depending on the predator come from land or air.

Explain: V money need apply different strategy to cope with the predators, depending on where they come.

A. By varying the pitch of its alarm call, a vervet monkey can indicate the number of predators approaching.
B. Different land-based predators are responsible for different numbers of vervet monkey deaths.
C. No predators that pose a danger to vervet monkeys can attack both from land and from the air.
D. Vervet monkeys avoid land-based predators by climbing trees but avoid predation from the air by diving into foliage.
E. Certain land-based predators feed only on vervet monkeys, whereas every predator that attacks vervet monkeys from the air feeds on many different animals.

Key : D explain.

谁给我讲讲第一题？？？？？？？？？？？？？？看了Bible也没懂

作者: 疏离无罪 时间: 2011-9-11 19:57
虽然这个training确实可以减少accident 的发生率，但是如果人数增加了那么相应的发生的事故也多了。
比如原来100个人 10%的事故率
人数没变 8% 就是 8人
但workforce增加比如到150 就变成 12 人了
不知道这样理解对不对

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-9-11 20:18

虽然这个training确实可以减少accident 的发生率，但是如果人数增加了那么相应的发生的事故也多了。
比如原来100个人 10%的事故率
人数没变 8% 就是 8人
但workforce增加比如到150 就变成 12 人了
不知道这样理解对不对

-- by 会员疏离无罪 (2011/9/11 19:57:17)

这个道理懂，但是这句话实在太纠结
.Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.

还ONLY？？不懂

作者: joelee1991 时间: 2011-9-12 00:41
1.23s
专家说有safe job traing会有safe的工作环境。可是调查显示，1980年期间，危险的事故变多了~随着训练的进行。

哪像可以解决这个矛盾。

2.25s.
烟草公司有两种低N或高N的。但是研究发现，血液内的N都是一样的~无论抽的是低N还是高N烟。

3.40s...TT 第一句没回过神...后来回读了第一句...

R含的铁比葡萄多，可是晒的葡萄只会蒸发水。可是水没有这些物质啊。为什么？

答案估计是：铁是在晒的过程中吸收的或者合成的。

4.20s.
V种猴子用不同的alarm来提醒同伴，周围的危险是来自水里还是地面。
问：哪个答案能解释这种行为.

5.40s.
M当市长的时候，人口变少失业率变多。而且倒闭的是开张的店的两倍。而V当市场时，人口变多失业率下降。
所以说，要选V而赶走M。

作者: joelee1991 时间: 2011-9-12 00:54
B.so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.
谁能帮忙翻译下这句话什么意思.... not count toward 是神马....

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-9-12 01:01

B.so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.
谁能帮忙翻译下这句话什么意思.... not count toward 是神马....

-- by 会员 joelee1991 (2011/9/12 0:54:39)

B. Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.

因为 Caramelized sugar 不能消化，所有sugar的卡路里不能算进raisins 的卡路里里、

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-9-12 01:16

-- by 会员疏离无罪 (2011/9/11 19:57:17)

这个道理懂，但是这句话实在太纠结
.Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.

还ONLY？？不懂

-- by 会员纳丁Cat (2011/9/11 20:18:52)

1.Industry experts expect improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments. A recent survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s, the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage above?

safer代表发生事故的比率下降，increase的是number，而且注意结论里有Immediately。所有resolve的答案应该是基数增加，而且是在improve之后的immediately。

A.A similar survey found that the number of onthe-job accidents remained constant after job safety training in the transportation sectorwas improved. out of scope
B.Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.
only 的作用在于,呼应Immediately. 同时基数增大，恰合题意。若无only,则不会有Immediately。可能是慢慢地增加或者其他
C. Manufacturers tend to improve job safety training only after they have noticed that the number of on-the-job accidents has increased.
shell game 答案过于主观，不知道何时Notice。也许增长了很久才Notice，与immediately就不符合了。
D. It is likely that the increase in the number ofon-the-job accidents experienced by many companies was not merely a random fluctuation.
opposite——one side . 说明safer是确实的，但没有说明increase .paradox加剧
E.Significant safety measures, such as protective equipment and government safety inspections, were in place well before the improvements in job safety training.
opposite——one side 同D,

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-9-12 01:39
MARK！

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-9-12 08:49

-- by 会员疏离无罪 (2011/9/11 19:57:17)

这个道理懂，但是这句话实在太纠结
.Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.

还ONLY？？不懂

-- by 会员纳丁Cat (2011/9/11 20:18:52)

-- by 会员 kidvii (2011/9/12 1:16:00)

大概懂了，Bible的题好难啊

作者: newfengbao 时间: 2011-9-13 00:01
我觉得吧第4题 C更合适因为捕食者不能同时从空中和地面进攻所以猴子才能用不同的警告信号 D 更像是个例子吧

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-9-13 01:07
banana来练练逻辑
每天都在看自己最薄弱的语法。。。呜呜，逻辑都没碰过，其实逻辑也不是很好呀。。。
不过，可以来这里督促自己每天至少做一点~
加强自控力呀！

今天的谢谢~kid啦~

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-9-13 02:21
1：
Job safety training lead safer work environments,
However, 1980s, accidents tended to increase after changes in the training programs.
My choice :B

2：
people can choose how much nicotine they want, but a recent study shows that whatever the level of nicotine a person smoke, the amount….不变？还是怎么的？最后有些不懂。。。
my choice：A

3：
R 来自干掉的葡萄，在加工中，会形成焦糖，但不会加入糖，而且，在变干的过程中，葡萄中减少的只有水，水中没有含任何热量或营养。
事实是R比葡萄含有更多的铁/卡路里.
my choice：B

4：V use different alarm calls to warm others of predators, depending on the source of dangers.
Guess: the right answer must have something related with air and land.
my choice： D

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-9-13 02:31
AA
1 因果关系：没有证据证明是V的政策使失业率下降。。。M的政策使失业率上升。
2 all things are equal： background 在变化，可能V的政策以前适用，但现在不适用，反而是M的政策更合适呢。
3 错误假设？ “Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened”并不代表不好，可能关闭的是腐朽的落后的行业，而新开的是新兴的有潜力的行业能带来远多余两倍的效益。
hihi，晚安。

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-13 09:17
我今天开始加入

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-13 09:47
1.30s
expecters expect training can reduce accident ,however , during 1980s, the accident increse.

key: b

2.看不懂啊烟草公司声称烟民可以选择含有较多尼古丁的烟或者较少尼古丁的烟，但是，....

key: 做题超时了，放弃

3.2'17''
raisis is made by grapes .在生产葡萄干时，人们只是把葡萄中得水去掉，水没有含任何的nutrition 和 c ... question:why raisis contain more iron than the grape?
key:看不懂，没时间

4.1‘10’’
v monkey 通过不同的方式通知伙伴，危险来自land or air question:explain different way
key:d

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-13 09:50
第二题，做题时看不懂这个 the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pact of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day's worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke.

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-13 10:16
再重看一遍，懂了。我好弱，别见笑

第二题，做题时看不懂这个 the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pact of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day's worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke.

-- by 会员 gato (2011/9/13 9:50:53)

作者: joelee1991 时间: 2011-9-13 13:52

B.so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.
谁能帮忙翻译下这句话什么意思.... not count toward 是神马....

-- by 会员 joelee1991 (2011/9/12 0:54:39)

-- by 会员 kidvii (2011/9/12 1:01:55)

谢谢kid。。。话说我理解能力好差....

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-9-13 15:19
1. 48s
training should improve safety.
But accidents increase after the change in training programme.
Solve:
Many new unexpirienced workers joined the work in that month.
B

2. 60s
Manufacture says consumers can either choose either low- or high-nicotine cigarettes.
But having either part of the cigarette can cause identical blood level.
Solve:
.. No idea
B

3. 1:17 T.T paradox题是我的痛痛...
R and G are both dried by water, and lose nothing.
But R contains more iron per calorie than G.
Solve:
R loses more water than G.
B

4.忘了计时...><
V monkeys use different alarm calls to show the coming of predators either from sky or from land.
D

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-9-13 15:26
第二题错了再看一次才看懂了题目意思囧。

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-9-13 21:47

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-9-14 13:23
1.19s
experts expect improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments.
however,the fact during the 1980s countered the expectation
the answer may be C ? Manufacturers tend to improve job safetytraining only after they have noticed that the number of on-the-job accidents has increased.

= = answer:B

2.33s
smokers can choose whether low- or high-nicotine cigarettes they want
however, the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pact of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day's worth of smoking
i guess A. Blood cannot absorb more nicotine per day than that found in the smoke from a package of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available.

3.34s
(1)some sugar of grapes is caramelized during the drying.
(2)some water evaporates during the drying.water contains no calories or nutrients.
(3)nothing is added
-------------raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do
A. bigger-----irrelevant
B. Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.
C. quickly-----irrelevant
D. irrelevant
E. other iron-containing foods-----irrelevant

4.15s
Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn differfent nearby predator that comes from land or from air
explaination:
D. Vervet monkeys avoid land-based predators by climbing trees but avoid predation from the air by diving into foliage.

又是几天没复习逻辑了心慌慌。。。 = =

作者: achange 时间: 2011-10-12 07:11
2、Cigarette companies claim that manufacturing both low- and high-nicotine cigarettes allows smokers to choose how much nicotine they want. However, a recent study has shown that the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pact of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day's worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the finding of nicotine study?

A. Blood cannot absorb more nicotine per day than that found in the smoke from a package of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available.
B. Smokers of the lowest-nicotine cigarettes available generally smoke more cigarettes per day than smokers of high-nicotine cigarettes.
C. Most nicotine is absorded into the blood of a smoker even if it is delivered in smaller quatities.
D. The level of tar in cigarettes is higher in low-nicotine cigarettes

这题上来选B了。看答案看明白了为什么选A，但请教B怎么错了？

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-9-27 13:53
1.25s
BG: Experts say that training contributes to reduce the by-working accidents.
However: After a training program the accident rates increased
Resolve: There are other factors contribute to accident rate that year
没选对B，overall number of workers increased 自我检讨：读题不仔细，increase的不是rate是number，不然得不出正确答案了。

2. 45s
Cigarette manufacturer says they produce cigarette both of high nicotin and low nicotin for smokers to choose from.
But research shows that there is no difference in nicotin in body between people who smoke high nicotin and people who smoke low nicotin a pack cigarette per day.,
Resolve: Samples are not representative...好怂的答案
A 看到第一个觉得好有道理就选了。。清早起来shower之后还是走神是肿么回事。。。

3. 40s
Raisins are dried from grapes in the sun. Sugar are caramelized and only thing gone is water exvaporated.
But raisin is contains more iron per calorie than grape.
Resolve: Problem might be in the caramelized sugar??
B Bingo! However it's not that caramelized sugar generates more iron, but that caramelized suger cannot be counted in the overall calorie : Denominator is larger, numerator remains constant, then the rate becomes larger.

4. 20s
V monkeys use different alarm calls to warn their nearby monkeys to illustrate different predators from air or from land.

Resolve: They have to react different to predators from air and from land to survive.
D Yoooo!

后天就要要考试了好紧脏！！！

作者: Monica2020 时间: 2019-8-6 14:08
1.0:32; 1:40
information 1:improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments.
information 2:the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs.
B.Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.
想不出，用排除法做的
2. 0:39；1:30
information 1： manufacturing both low- and high-nicotine cigarettes allows smokers to choose how much nicotine they want.

information 2：the levels of nicotine found in the blood of smokers who smoke one pact of cigarettes per day are identical at the end of a day's worth of smoking, whatever the level of nicotine in the cigarettes they smoke.

E. When taking in nicotine by smoking cigarettes is discontinued, the level of nicotine in the blood decreases steadily.
3.0:45；1:45
information：some of the sugar in the grapes is caramelized in the process, nothing is added.
information2：the only thing removed from the grapes is the water that evaporates during the drying, and water contains no calories or nutrients.
paradox：The fact that raisins contain more iron per calorie than grapes do

B. Caramelized sugar cannot be digested, so its calories do not count toward the calorie content of raisins.CDE都不是在讲raisins本身含铁多这件事
4.0:10；0:50
Vervet monkeys use different alarm calls to warn each other of nearbypredators, depending on whether the danger comes from land or from the air.
D. Vervet monkeys avoid land-based predators by climbing trees but avoid predation from the air by diving into foliage.

作者: Monica2020 时间: 2019-8-6 14:26
果然还是要理解句意...第二题的paradox一开始没看懂：应该是不管是低尼古丁含量的香烟还是高尼古丁含量的最后吸一包烟的他们血液中的尼古丁含量是相同的
然后OA的意思是血液每天吸收的尼古丁不能比从一包最低尼古丁香烟中吸收更多的尼古丁

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