237. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.
(A) may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other
(B) may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other
(C) are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other
(D) are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other
(E) are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other
C. Also, the phrase two stars that orbit each other illogically suggests that there are two particular stars causing all the phenomena in question, rather than various sets of stars in various locations
请问在C和E中,如果前面都不一样,后面的定语从句和分词修饰是不是产生不同的意思,为什么会产生这种不同意思的差别?
不一样
这是限定性修饰与非限定性修饰的区别
C. Also, the phrase two stars that orbit each other illogically suggests that there are two particular stars causing all the phenomena in question, rather than various sets of stars in various locations
OG的解释讲得非常清楚了
用定语从句 表示特指这两个星星
用分词 表示好多这样的星星 你再读读OG的解释
类似地例子
twins with the same genes 这是限定说明相同基因的twins
twins, who have the same genes这是说明 twins 有相同的基因 都是这样的
不知说明白了
paopao,你的意思是指 定語從句有限定 分詞沒有限定是嗎?
twins with the same genes 这是限定说明相同基因的twins
twins, who have the same genes这是说明 twins 有相同的基因 都是这样的
关于这题我也琢磨过,但和上面那题还是有差别的,因为WHO引导的是非限定性定愈从句而THAT引导的是限定性定语从句,不一样的啊?PAOPAO,你觉得呢?
我也有这个问题,因为即使是分词作定语,要起到非限定的作用,也必须是以逗号分开的,否则,分词修饰和从句修饰都是限定性的,请大家给个解释吧。
偶自己总结的现在分词和定语从句修饰上的区别:
现在分词: | 作定语时强调动作的多次性、重复性和客观性、强调动作 | OG102/113 |
如政府的发令 directive, sentence doing 有强制性 | OG222 | |
定语从句: | 强调动作的一次性、具体时间、具体行为、强调状态 | OG96 |
从本题来看,偶觉得还有一个区别就是一个是泛指,一个是特指。(注意:泛指/特指和限定/非限定的区别)
我觉得这里的现在分词是限定性的。在语法上都是限定的,但意思上有差别。现在分词指的是符合条件的任何两颗星星,而定语从句指的就是确定的那两颗,就仿佛你眼前有两颗,用手指着它们说的。举个例子:Gmat考了1000的人能被熊猫大学录取。(这就好像现在分词做定语)那几个Gmat考了1000的人能被熊猫大学录取。(这就好像定语从句)我觉得在gmat是这样的,别的地方应该没有这样区别。
这一句OG解释一直没搞明白,也没有看到完美的解释。可能ETS的这一句话有问题。
现在分词和定语从句的限制性用法应该是一样的,都有限制作用。现在分词修饰语和定语从句的区别是现在分词修饰语没有时态含义,而定语从句有时态含义。
我实在是看不明白OG的这一句解释。如果这一句关于C的这个错误的评价是由道理的,那么E也有这个错误。难道是between造成的?可能OG关于C的这个歧义的论述不是基于单纯的限制性修饰,而是基于between+限制性修饰。
请NN指教。
这个问题是否有结论了呢?分词做定语是否是限制的是不是能通过有没有逗号判断呢?
看了一圈,晕的更厉害了!!!
OG在这里的解释好像就是that是特指,而分词是泛指
tianwen和石头兄,两位nn,说是因为between的原因令that在这里有特指的原因
那么,that和分词,到底有没有特指和泛指的区分呢?还是,就是这题比较特殊?
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=48928&id=48928&page=1&skin=0&Star=3
请看第24楼以下.
关于C和E,现在分词短语究竟是restrictive还是nonrestrictive,我问了ETS,并结合了86版OG的第15题,得到的答案是“participial phrases not preceded by a comma are always restrictive”。
去信我忘了保存,大概意思就是从237题对C的解释可推出E的现在分词短语是nonrestrictive,这和86版OG15题对B的解释有矛盾。以下是回复:
Thank you for your message concerning Sentence Correction questions in the
1986 edition and the 10th edition of The Official Guide for GMAT Review. You
indicated that you were confused because the explanations for two of the
questions appeared to be contradictory.
The two questions to which you refer do both include participial phrases,
and participial phrases not preceded by a comma are always restrictive. In
choice B of question 15 in the 1986 edition, the phrase "...the African land
symbolizing the possibility of freedom..." is illogically restrictive,
implying that only one of many African lands symbolized freedom to Garvey.
The correct choice, A, more logically refers to "Africa, the land that, to
him, symbolized the possibility of freedom."
In question 237 in the 10th edition, the use of the phrase "are because of"
is what ultimately makes choice C incorrect, as described in the
explanation. The distinction between choice C and the correct choice, E, is
not a distinction between types of modifiers, however; both C and E contain
restrictive modifiers.
We appreciate your having taken the time to let us know about your concern.
Inquiries such as yours help us to maintain and improve the quality of the
GMAT.
按ETS说的,那岂不是C和E都有错??要不然就是对C限定性定从的解释根本不对??
个人感觉,限定性和非限定性这一条不太好用
注意限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别,即整体和部分的区别t154,t176, t237, t234,t237, t258, 介词短语相当于限定性定语从句 t141.
A. 限定性修饰, 起限制约束作用:
1.由that 引导的定语从句, (that只引导限定性定语从句, 前面不会有逗号)
2.由前面没有逗号的一wh开头的词(who, which...)引导的定语从句,
3.with引导的短语
构成的修饰就是限定性的修饰, 起限制的作用. 就象t1里的that定语从句. 什么样的divorce呢? 是发生在when they were children时候的divorce, 而不是所有的divorce. 即限定
B. 非限制性修饰:
1. 由前面有逗号的一wh开头的词(who, which...)引导的定语从句
2. 由分词短语
构成的修饰就是非限制性修饰, 起解释, 说明的作用. 就象t1里的divorce, 如果用分词修饰就变成 divorce 的定义(definition) 是 occuring when a child, 即解释, 说明.
1. He asks the girls who is in red clothes to form a team.
2. He asks the girls with red clothes to form a team.
3. He asks the girls, who is in red, to form a team.
4. He asks the girls, dressing in red clothes, to form a team.
1,2句是限定的,可以想象成体育馆中有一大群女孩儿,有穿红的,穿绿的,有黄的等等,这群女孩子中穿红的那一部分组成一个队。此时这个穿红的修辞成份是对女孩子的群体起限定作用,是局部概念。
3,4句是非限定的,可以想象成体育馆中有一大群女孩子,所有的女孩子一个不落地组成一个队,这些女孩子共有一个特点,全都是穿红的。此时穿红的修辞成份是对女孩子的 群体不作限定,只表示这一个群体的特点。
不加逗号的定语从句是限定的,加逗号的定语从句是非限定的。
With限定,-ing或-ed分词不限定。
楼上总结很好,说的很清楚,无奈的是ETS在限定和非限定上始终没有明确说法,导致大家都很迷惑,具体体现在题目和解释,如果早就象你解释的这么清楚,恐怕大家也没有那么多疑问了.
关于C和E,现在分词短语究竟是restrictive还是nonrestrictive,我问了ETS,并结合了86版OG的第15题,得到的答案是“participial phrases not preceded by a comma are always restrictive”。
I think, so far, regardless of OG237, participial phrases should play a restrictive role without preceded by a comma.
On the hand, if there is "," , non-restrictive role then.
Really thanks for this useful input!
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