(A) that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were
OG explain: Choice A, the best answer. In choices C, D, and E, the plural pronoun those has no plural noun to which it can refer.
My question: Those 不可以指下面的civilizations吗(in Nile delta and the river valleys)?
但是下面有明文的civilization吗？
ETS支持those（that）作为代词的两种用法：
1，用以指代已经出现的东东或者东东s；
2，用以指代与前文相似的种类，但是要用诸于those(that) of之类
这两种功能不能同时拥有。
>
但是下面有明文的civilization吗？
ETS支持those（that）作为代词的两种用法：
1，用以指代已经出现的东东或者东东s；
2，用以指代与前文相似的种类，但是要用诸于those(that) of之类
这两种功能不能同时拥有。
Please ref to :
79. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
(A) to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these
(B) should be legitimate subjects for literature: portray these
(C) as being legitimate subjects for literature an portraying them
(D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literal; and portray them
(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them
When the verb consider is used to mean "regard" or "deem," it can be used more economically without the to be of choice A; should be in choice B, as being in choice C, and as if in choice D are used unidiomatically with this sense of consider, and D carries the unwarranted suggestion that Sand is somehow viewing the rural poor hypothetically. Choice E, therefore, is best: each of the other choices inserts an unnecessary, unidiomatic, or misleading phrase before legitimate subjects. Moreover, A and B incorrectly use these rather than them as the pronoun referring to the poor. In C, portraying is not parallel with to consider. Only E has to portray, although not essential, to underscores the parallelism of portray and consider.
Why these can not ref to "the poor"?
Thanks a lot!
唉, 我也是被OG80搞得糊里糊涂
1、those的指代问题。前文已提到civilization, 难道不能算已经指出么？
2、我总觉得A选项没有补出助动词did，看起来很不爽。到底什么时候要补出到什么程度？真是很糊涂
对不起各位大虾，我的gmat只拿到v20，水平很低，所以还望多多指点
OG说了，单复数的问题。In choices C, D, and E, the plural pronoun those has no plural noun to which it can refer.
仔细读OG肯定能提高水平的。
谢谢rhod哥哥，我已经读第三遍了，看来还是小和尚念经。。。汗！！！！
再谢谢。另外，补出那个问题，我在置顶帖子里看到有很多同样的感觉。不过，还是不明白
谢谢rhod哥哥，我已经读第三遍了，看来还是小和尚念经。。。汗！！！！
再谢谢。另外，补出那个问题，我在置顶帖子里看到有很多同样的感觉。不过，还是不明白
79. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
(A) to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these
(B) should be legitimate subjects for literature: portray these
(C) as being legitimate subjects for literature an portraying them
(D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literal; and portray them
(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them
凭感觉做的题，至于those,them使用上有多少的区别，还请NN指点
助动词补出的问题比较复杂，不能一言以蔽之说什么时候可以，什么时候不可以。所以，最好先从其他的语法点判断。
我在一个语法书(collins cobuild 英语语法大全）里找到的：
these和those可用作代词替代复数名词，它们虽可用于指人，但经常用于指物。
不知道对不对，请各位指教！
可以参考 anyname 对og79的解答
From anyname —— http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=68234
可以参考 anyname 对og79的解答
From anyname —— http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=68234
。
那可不可以理解为these/those不能单独作为代词使用，需要有修饰语才对呢？可是这又与其他的题目冲突了啊？比如og 149
149. Last year, land values in most parts of the pinlands rose almost so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did outside the pinelands.
(A) so fast, and in some parts even faster than what they did
(B) so fast, and in some parts even faster than,those
(C) as fast, and in some parts even faster than, those
(D) as fast as, and in some parts even faster than, those
(E) as fast as, and in some parts even faster than what they did
正确答案是d，这里就是单独用those 指代前面的land values了啊
是不是在比较时可以单独用those/these指代前面的名词，在没有比较关系时，就不可以单独用those/these指代了呢？
请nn指点！！！
今天把语法全面总结了一下，关于those 的用法，查了一下讨论贴，有两种说法：
一是紫草提到：this/that/these/those 如果作为代词单独出现就是错.
二是tony的语法总结提到：this/that/those/these不能单独作主语。
不知那种说法准确，但由于149题中those是单独使用的，那可不可以认为tony的说法是正确的，也就是说149题中的those可以单独使用是因为它不是句子的主语，而是被比较的对象。
不知可不可以这样总结，请大家多指点！！
80. Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
也想问D中did为什么可以省略。up
up up up !!!
也想问D中did为什么awkward?
到底什么时候助动词可以省略？谢谢！
接这里看： http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&id=24615&star=4#1526514
请问 the same time ...as...的两者成分是否需要对称？ 如果需要的话，那么正确答案的 前面是 单数的文明，后面是复数的文明。能平行吗？
(A) that flourished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were
OG explain: Choice A, the best answer. In choices C, D, and E, the plural pronoun those
has no plural noun to which it can refer.
My question: Those 不可以指下面的civilizations吗(in Nile delta and the river valleys)?
我的想法是:
如果指代前面的civilizaition的话,就要用单数that,但是后面指的是在两个不同地方的复数的civilizations.后面需要用复数,如果用those 的话,前面没有对应的复数对象.所以最好是用原词的复数形式重复出现指代.
今天把语法全面总结了一下，关于those 的用法，查了一下讨论贴，有两种说法：
一是紫草提到：this/that/these/those 如果作为代词单独出现就是错.
二是tony的语法总结提到：this/that/those/these不能单独作主语。
不知那种说法准确，但由于149题中those是单独使用的，那可不可以认为tony的说法是正确的，也就是说149题中的those可以单独使用是因为它不是句子的主语，而是被比较的对象。
不知可不可以这样总结，请大家多指点！！
this/that/those/these 是不可以单独做使用,在ETS看来:149题中的those不是单独使用的,它后面有对它的修饰语.
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