1. Critics of certainpollution-control regulations have claimed that the money spent over thelast decade in order to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and of volatileorganic compounds has been wasted. The evidence they offer in support of this claim might appearcompelling: despite the money spent,annual emissions of these pollutants have been increasing steadily. This evidence is far from adequate, however,since over the last decade a substantial number of new industrial facilitiesthat emit these pollutants have been built.
In the reasoning given, thetwo portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
Answer: The first is aposition that the reasoning contends is inadequately supported by the evidence;the second is evidence used to support the reasoning’s contention.
2. One of the limiting factors in human physicalperformance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from thebloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasiums andhealth clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled “SuperOXY,” that has extraoxygen dissolved in the water. Such water would be useless in improving physicalperformance, however, since the only wayto get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed bye the musclesis through the lungs. Which of the following, if true, would serve the samefunction in the argument as the statement in boldface? Answer: theamount of oxygen in the blood of people who are exercising is already more thanthe muscle can absorb
3. In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found thatcrowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. Butin recent experiments in which Rhesus monkeys were placed in crowdedconditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior –such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals – attacks didnot become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any speciesof monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
Which ofthe following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Answer:Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to awider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.
4. Thechemical adenosine is released by brain cells when those cells are active. Adenosinethen binds to more and more sites on cells in certain areas of the brain,as the total amount released gradually increases during wakefulness. Duringsleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases. Some researchershave hypothesized that it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a largenumber of sites that causes the onset of sleep. Whichof the following, if true, provides the most support for the researchers’ hypothesis?
Answer: Caffeine, which has the effect of making people remain wakeful, isknown to interfere with the binding of adenosine to sites on brain cells.
AA Forcomputer companies, if introduce the most powerful and advanced informationtechnology, the employee productivity will be increased. Therefore, if ourcomputer company introduce the most powerful and advanced informationtechnology, every single dollar which spent on investing the technology willincrease our company's profit margins. 作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-9-6 10:01
表示今天的题很有难度。。。。。我每一道都想错了。。。。。。。。 翻了好久的解析。。。。。。小被打击
anyway,题很赞！！！！！！！
9-5 1. 65s . Critics of certain pollution-control regulations have claimed that the money spent over thelast decade in order to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and of volatileorganic compounds has been wasted. 某些critics的观点：钱浪费了 The evidence they offer in support of this claim might appearcompelling: despite the money spent,annual emissions of these pollutants have been increasing steadily. critics的观点的理由 This evidence is far from adequate, however, 作者的观点：critics的观点证据不足的since over the last decade a substantial number of new industrial facilitiesthat emit these pollutants have been built. 作者的观点的理由
In the reasoning given, thetwo portions in boldface play which of the following roles? 信息:有很多保护大气的措施，像减少碳化合物等等。但它们是在浪费钱。因为还有更多新厂在建。但是，这个证据不充分，因为。。。。。。
黑脸：前句是作者的反对观点，后者是支持这个观点的原因。 Answer: The first is a position that the reasoning contends is inadequately supported by the evidence;the second is evidence used to support the reasoning’s contention. reasoning’s contention.= This evidence is far from adequate, however,拆分结构
2. 50s One of the limiting factors in human physicalperformance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from thebloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasiums andhealth clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled “SuperOXY,” that has extraoxygen dissolved in the water. Such water would be useless in improving physicalperformance, however, since the only wayto get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed bye the musclesis through the lungs. Which of the following, if true, would serve the samefunction in the argument as the statement in boldface? 信息：人运动不行了是因为氧气吸收不行了，一个公司发明了一种饮料，叫“氧气ＯＸＹ＂,它溶解了更多了氧气。但是，这个是没有用的，因为。。。。。
黑脸：是用来支持作者结论的。 Answer: the amount of oxygen in the blood of people who are exercising is already more than the muscle can absorb 拆分结构，注意看问的啥子
3. 40s In 1960’s studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. But in recent experiments in which Rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded onditions, although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior –such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals – attacks didnot become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any speciesof monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats. Which ofthe following, if true, most strengthens the argument? Submissive顺从 avoidance避让
支持：即便100只猴子在一起，攻击行为也很少。 Answer:Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do. 原文一直在证明某种猴子不想老鼠一样，因为拥挤就增加了攻击性。最后要把这个结论推广给其他种类的猴子（for any species of monkey）,问题的关键就是怎么去支持"拥挤的时候，这种猴子不会增加攻击性，其他种类的猴子也不会“ 前提支持作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-9-6 13:01
逻辑菜鸟跟帖答题
41s 通过1960年对小鼠的实验，科学家发现拥挤会大大提升动物间攻击的数目。but最近在把R猴放到拥挤环境的试验中，尽管一些“coping” behavior（如submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals）的数量提高，攻击并没有普遍。 因此对于任何品种的猴子，拥挤产生与小鼠同样大量的攻击不会发生。
支持：作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-9-6 16:20
1. 40s Conclusion: The critics reasoning is flawed Premise: since an additional number of industries have been built Counter-conlusion: The law is not effective
Boldface: The first is a conclusion that the argument dispuses, the second is the evidence cited to support the main conclusion
2. 38s Conclusion: THe proposed method is useless Premise: Water is not absorbed by lungs, but the only way that people can absorb the oxygen is through lungs
3. 44s 几年模考刚做过，囧~
4. 42s Conclusion: It is the culmative of A that starts people to sleep Premise: When there is a lot of A, people awake. When sleep, A decreases
Strengthen: If there is lots of A, people will want to sleep. / If no A, people will awake~作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2012-4-8 22:19
1.conclusion:花在治理污染上的钱都没作用 first bold support：花了钱 污染还在增加 conter-conclusion：有用的 counter-support：近十年污染源增加了。。。second bold
加强：感觉哪个地方逻辑出了问题。。悲剧作者: flonacui 时间: 2013-8-19 09:39
1.38s
first: opposite conclusion. a point that the argument seeks to attack.
second: the reason in order to support the real conclusion of the argument.
2.55s
The reason seeks to support the conclusion of the argument.
-prove the water is useless.
3.46s
The R monkey is a typical example. It can represent the whole monkey species.
4.65s
P daytime:the binding sites increases during sleep:the binding sites gradually decreases.
C The binding sites cause the onset of sleep.
support:no other reasons.
AA
1>too haste to reach the conclusion: does not provide reason why the employee productivity will be increased because of the advanced technology.
2>profit-cost maybe some employees do not know how to deal with the new tech, then the company may provide the teaching program
3>other ways to increase the profit margins.作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-9-14 17:17
1. 45s
An argument that the author is going to attact:
The regulation on emission of a certain pollutant air does not work.
Flawed reasoning by evidence: the emission of these pullant has not been reduced.
But,
they igore the fact that a number of new factories that emit the pollutant has been opened in the recent years.
strengthen：只有在睡觉前这种物质才会减少作者: Monica2020 时间: 2019-8-4 14:10
1.0:31; 1:00
the first part:the money spent over thelast decade in order to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and of volatileorganic compounds has been wasted.
role: the conclusion that the author wants to refute
the second part:since over the last decade a substantial number of new industrial facilitiesthat emit these pollutants have been built.
role: as an evidence to support the main conclusion in the passage
2. 0:35 ; 1:30
premise: the only way to get oxygen into the bloodstream is through the lungs.
conclusion:Such water would be useless in improving physicalperformance
same function sentence: ppl in the gym can get enough oxygen they need and extra oxy is useless to them/ other ways to weaken the effectiveness of that drink
3.0:33; 1:20
premise:although there was an increase in instances of “coping” behavior, attacks didnot become any more frequent.
conclusion:it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.
strenthen: in the experiment,the chosen speice of mokey is the most aggresive one among all species
4.0:34 ; 1:33
premise: during sleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases.
conclusion: it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a large number of sites that causes the onset of sleep.
support : experiment =>反因反果增强？作者: Monica2020 时间: 2019-8-4 14:15
AA:For computer companies, if introduce the most powerful and advanced information technology, the employee productivity will be increased. Therefore, if our computer company introduce the most powerful and advanced information technology, every single dollar which spent on investing the technology will increase our company's profit margins.
攻击点：1.the different condition and traits of each company 无关比较 ;2.may be other reasons lead to profits margin after introducing technology ; 3.why are you so sure the company will increase the profits after the introduction of technology?