ChaseDream

标题: 请教GWD1-41 [打印本页]
作者: enjoy7habits    时间: 2004-7-8 16:57
标题: 请教GWD1-41

Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.




  • as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

  • as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

  • was a well-established method of mineral extraction

  • was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

  • had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

    • 答案是B,请指教

    作者: LES    时间: 2004-7-8 17:07

    改选B啦。


    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.






    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
      －it 多余。
    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction
      与as early as the eighteenth century无法连接。
    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
      －that was引导的定语从句修饰对象不明，且that was多余。
    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established
      －完成式分词短语不可做定语修饰名词。

    [此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-9 14:40:34编辑过]
    作者: LES    时间: 2004-7-9 15:02
    这题偶用排除法选了B，可是不明白这里为什么用主动而不是用被动？请NN指点迷津！谢谢！
    作者: LES    时间: 2004-7-9 15:07

    刚刚查了字典，establish只是及物动词，应该要加宾语的，那么B中的用法是错的？

    到底选什么？为什么？！！！

    作者: xealot    时间: 2004-7-9 16:29

    LES一定是把establish当作谓语了，但是我觉得当作谓语不合适的，确实因为establish只能vt，那么当作分词短语还马马虎虎说的过去，我第一眼认为和but后面的结构non-parallel了，但是考虑到整个as a method....只是作为状语，没有理由要求和but后面的结构parallel；但是新的问题又来了，前面是个纯粹的状语，那么but明显就多余了。

    我个人倒偏向于C，因为as early as...结构当作前一个clause的状语也说的过去，况且这个位置也是能找到的最好的位置。请大牛们指正~~

    作者: TopTerminator    时间: 2004-7-9 17:11
    以下是引用LES在2004-7-8 17:07:00的发言：

    改选B啦。


    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.






    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
      －it 多余。
    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction
      与as early as the eighteenth century无法连接。
    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
      －that was引导的定语从句修饰对象不明，且that was多余。
    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established
      －完成式分词短语不可做定语修饰名词。


    偶同意C,为什么说a well-established method of mineral extraction
    与as early as the eighteenth century无法连接? as early as 不是比较呀?Leaching从A看来应是一个method,而不是想表达Leaching作为一个method是什么时候well-established.

    作者: enjoy7habits    时间: 2004-7-10 19:29
    韵率且??lt;I>LES在2004-7-8 17:07:00的发言：

    改选B啦。


    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.






    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
      －it 多余。
    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction
      与as early as the eighteenth century无法连接。
    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
      －that was引导的定语从句修饰对象不明，且that was多余。
    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established
      －完成式分词短语不可做定语修饰名词。


    谢谢LSE


    个人觉得E 错不在完成式分词做定语(是前一个分句的谓语），而是well established 修饰method/extration改变原意或有歧义。E的过去完成时应该最好。


    答案是B，觉得不对。


    可能是C吧？


    请大N指点


    [此贴子已经被作者于2004-7-10 19:30:56编辑过]
    作者: LES    时间: 2004-7-11 08:33

    个人觉得E 错不在完成式分词做定语(是前一个分句的谓语），而是well established 修饰method/extration改变原意或有歧义。E的过去完成时应该最好。


    答案是B，觉得不对。


    可能是C吧？


    请大N指点




    谢谢指正！

    作者: samwong    时间: 2004-7-11 19:52
    for sure the answer is c.answer  b is not a complete sentence.
    作者: horsefish    时间: 2004-9-8 10:43
    以下是引用LES在2004-7-11 8:33:00的发言：


    个人觉得E 错不在完成式分词做定语(是前一个分句的谓语），而是well established 修饰method/extration改变原意或有歧义。E的过去完成时应该最好。


    答案是B，觉得不对。


    可能是C吧？


    请大N指点




    谢谢指正！



    我选的是E, 看C不顺眼, 因为与as early as the eighteenth century连接的有问题

    作者: gmat700+    时间: 2004-9-8 11:01

    应该选C吧？as early as ＋时间 （早在……时候），是正确的表述方法，可以算作是一个固定表达吧？我在不止一个地方听过看过这样的说法。

    B缺少was，我觉得应该是Leaching as a method was well established才对。如果没有表示被动态的was，就成了leaching establish，可是establish后面又没有宾语，establish什么呢？而且，让leaching去establish，也不合逻辑吧？

    E也不对，well established如果理解成是过去分词的话，那它就是修饰mineral extraction，成了mineral extraction was well established改变了原来的句意；如果理解成是谓语动词的话，又和前面的动词没有连接，成了run-on句型了。

    看来看去，还是C对。

    作者: leeon    时间: 2004-9-8 11:05

    B;

    读出意思后只有B合理；

    L作为一种提取方法早在18世纪就已经建立了，...后面的established分词修饰method。

    E中的had been不对，没有过去的过去（这样表达的话，好像说现在就不是了），C中的as early as the eighteenth century仿佛是说在18世纪前是一种...的提取方法不符合题意！

    作者: gmat700+    时间: 2004-9-8 11:12
    以下是引用leeon在2004-9-8 11:05:00的发言：

    B;


    读出意思后只有B合理；


    L作为一种提取方法早在18世纪就已经建立了，...后面的established分词修饰method。


    E中的had been不对，没有过去的过去（这样表达的话，好像说现在就不是了），C中的as early as the eighteenth century仿佛是说在18世纪前是一种...的提取方法不符合题意！


    如果established是作为过去分词修饰method，那but前面的主句岂不是没有谓语动词？

    作者: leeon    时间: 2004-9-8 11:19
    以下是引用gmat700+在2004-9-8 11:12:00的发言：


    如果established是作为过去分词修饰method，那but前面的主句岂不是没有谓语动词？


    你说的对，我觉得B中的established前面少了was。但是句意只有B合理。

    作者: leeon    时间: 2004-9-8 11:28
    不好意思，没仔细读前面的讨论，GWD的题来自何处，大家一直也不太清楚，很多题都存在问题，不知道是非ETS出品，还是因为漏/错写了单词？
    作者: gmat700+    时间: 2004-9-8 11:31

    那你能不能说说，你为什么觉得C的意思不合理呢？我怎么看不出来？

    作者: leeon    时间: 2004-9-8 11:39

    C理解的两种方式Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines,was as early as the eighteenth century a well-established method of mineral extraction ，...

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines,was a as early as the eighteenth century well-established method of mineral extraction ，...

    关键就是这里的时间状语as early as the eighteenth century是修饰动词呢，还是后面的well-established

    作者: leeon    时间: 2004-9-8 11:41
    注意was a well-established method 与was well established不同。
    作者: ztlbox    时间: 2004-9-8 15:03
    以下是引用enjoy7habits在2004-7-8 16:57:00的发言：

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.







    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction

    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

    答案是B,请指教


    B肯定不对，如果establish 是谓语，也应该是was established,即被动态

    而且这里他只能在as引导的壮语从句中充当成分，leaching 是不能被建立的，只有方法可以被建立

    作者: leeon    时间: 2004-9-8 15:38
    我认为B在原题中可能是was a method of the extraction of minerals well established。
    [此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-8 15:39:03编辑过]
    作者: hiddragon    时间: 2004-9-17 14:52
    以下是引用enjoy7habits在2004-7-10 19:29:00的发言：

    韵率且??lt;I>LES在2004-7-8 17:07:00的发言：

    改选B啦。


    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.






    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
      －it 多余。
    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction
      与as early as the eighteenth century无法连接。
    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
      －that was引导的定语从句修饰对象不明，且that was多余。
    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established
      －完成式分词短语不可做定语修饰名词。


    谢谢LSE


    个人觉得E 错不在完成式分词做定语(是前一个分句的谓语），而是well established 修饰method/extration改变原意或有歧义。E的过去完成时应该最好。


    答案是B，觉得不对。


    可能是C吧？





    感觉上选E。

    首先过去完成时没什么不对。其次well established 可以修饰a method mineral extraction.

    请指教！

    [此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-17 14:53:30编辑过]
    作者: bryan0806    时间: 2004-9-19 23:25
    以下是引用enjoy7habits在2004-7-8 16:57:00的发言：

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.







    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction

    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

    答案是B,请指教


    我选E  因为时态正确　因为有until 用过去完成时可以清楚表达leaching 这个method 一直到25年前才被理解....这里 理解realize是过去式　所以用过去完成时表达比25年前更早的时间的时态


    A it 多余


    B 同意well established不好　我觉得这里应该是Leaching,...,as a method这样的句型　所以不需动词　所以应该是as a well-established method比较好


    C as early as 无法连接　其他认为C正确的可以举例吗　我没有看过这样的句型


    D 我并不觉得that was 多余　如果不是时态我应该会选D


    清指教　　谢谢大家!!

    作者: valarie    时间: 2004-9-20 01:15

    I agree on C.


    B - incomplete sentence.


    E- Had been has no clear time frame. Perfect past tense has to have a clear time frame (from a point in the past to the point in the past). 不过最关键错是well established 扭曲句意。原句认为leaching is a well-established method ... as early as the 18th century. 不是 "the method was well established as early as 18th century" as E suggests. 就是说，不是18实际建成的，而是在18实际是比较完善的方法。

    作者: hiddragon    时间: 2004-9-20 09:55

    楼上的美眉：

    but until 应该是a clear time frame.

    为什么不直接说a good method而说 a well-established method?

    well-established 跟时间更合适。

    难啊！

    作者: bryan0806    时间: 2004-9-21 08:22
    up!?
    作者: bryan0806    时间: 2004-9-23 16:04
    以下是引用enjoy7habits在2004-7-8 16:57:00的发言：

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.








    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established
    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established
    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction
    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

    答案是B,请指教


    我选E  因为时态正确　因为有until 用过去完成时可以清楚表达leaching 这个method 一直到25年前才被理解....这里 理解realize是过去式　所以用过去完成时表达比25年前更早的时间的时态


    A it 多余


    B 同意well established不好　我觉得这里应该是Leaching,...,as a method这样的句型　所以不需动词　所以应该是as a well-established method比较好


    C as early as 无法连接　其他认为C正确的可以举例吗　我没有看过这样的句型


    D 我并不觉得that was 多余　如果不是时态我应该会选D


    那里不对清指正　　谢谢大家!!

    作者: 携隐    时间: 2004-9-23 16:40

    看来看去只有C对.D的that was修饰谁? method? method was as early as?不太对吧.E的had been怎么看怎么不对啊,哪里有时间提示说要用过去完成时啊?

    作者: bryan0806    时间: 2004-9-23 17:07
    以下是引用携隐在2004-9-23 16:40:00的发言：

    看来看去只有C对.D的that was修饰谁? method? method was as early as?不太对吧.E的had been怎么看怎么不对啊,哪里有时间提示说要用过去完成时啊?


    嗯 想了一下这里的却是不用过去完成时   因为leaching和后面miners did not realize 是两件事  没有舍么时间关系

    但是C  我觉得as early as 需要that(=method) was 来连接

    要不然有人可以举例吗  

    Leaching was a well-established method of mineral extraction as early as the eighteenth century  这里as early as eighteenth century是舍么作用 我也没看过这样的用法阿  可以这样放在后面形容前面的名词吗?

    作者: hiddragon    时间: 2004-9-25 17:08
    过去完成时为什么不对？leaching过去是a method of mineral extraction,现在不是了。这里过去和过去完成时都可以，后面动作和时间的连接才是更重要的。
    作者: bryan0806    时间: 2004-9-27 05:29
    以下是引用hiddragon在2004-9-25 17:08:00的发言：
    过去完成时为什么不对？leaching过去是a method of mineral extraction,现在不是了。这里过去和过去完成时都可以，后面动作和时间的连接才是更重要的。

    不,我觉得 leaching 现在是不是a method of mineral extraction 并不知道 文中只说一直到25年前miners才了解病毒在过程中是主动的角色

    如果文中要强调leaching 现在不是a method of mineral extraction  则需用过去完成时  但我觉得应该没有这样

    作者: hiddragon    时间: 2004-9-30 13:44

    wondering...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    作者: cowslip    时间: 2004-10-12 01:58

    看了这么多讨论有点“乱花渐预迷人眼”的感觉，说一点我的想法：

    首先，直接排除A、B，因为这里A、B都缺少主句，结构为：名词（主语），同位语1，同位语2，从句；结构不完整，因此只有从c、d、e中选择：

    D被排除的问题不在于that was不能够修饰，而是在这里直接修饰了“extracting mineral”不准确，且这里的extracting用得不准确，在有动作性命次extraction的情况下绝不优先使用动名词；但是剩下来的C、E让人无限头疼：

    开始我的想法是E更为舒服，其中有“，”隔开，well established是指leaching作为一个“method”established“as early as the eighteen centry"，所以认为E从时态上和逻辑意义上都比较顺畅；但由于ETS的解释都是临近修饰原则，这里的逗号会给人歧义是去修饰“mineral extraction”，而c中“as early as the eighteenth century”有一个理解是was as early as the eithteen centry a well……逻辑意义上也是正确且可以接受的；按照以前语法定义的讲解，as early as应该是去修饰和形容某一动作，所以不该是修饰某一名词的，因此从结构上好像c更合理，哎，又溯源到了让我无限头疼和不解的as early as的原始位置，哪位NN能给个例证，看看和C相同的结构，好确认一下这种用法。

    请大家指正啊！我的语法烂得很的

    作者: 心晴    时间: 2004-10-14 12:41

    偶想问的是

    leaching is a method和leaching as a method意思到底区别到哪儿呢？它是个方法和它作为一个方法不是都可以么？如果把B改成

    is a method of the extraction of minerals well established是不是就对了？

    另外，感觉C好一点，这里as early as应该不是同级比较吧，应该是早在什么什么时候吧！

    请NN指教！

    作者: zqwei    时间: 2004-10-14 17:33

    Two samples from google with "as early as":

    1.No matter what your "full" retirement age is, you may start receiving benefits as early as age 62 - however, your benefits will be reduced if you retire early.

    2.In "A Little Rocket Fuel with your Salad?" Ayres describes how aircraft and missile developers were warned to stop dumping perchlorates into unlined holding ponds, pits, and local aquifers as early as 1949.

    作者: rhod    时间: 2004-10-14 17:46

    楼上举的例子很好, as early as是后置的形容词短语.

    作者: xealot    时间: 2004-10-16 15:09
    楼上，as early  as 怎么是形容词短语？应该是副词短语。
    作者: hiddragon    时间: 2004-10-23 10:49
    坚持E不动摇。
    作者: hiddragon    时间: 2004-11-15 10:49
    有点吃不准了！~
    作者: lukrenee    时间: 2004-11-15 11:01

    答案一定是E，B错因为BUT前不是句子，且BUT在句中是连词而不是副词，应要求对称，C错是因为METHOD不能EARLY，你听说过一个方法早的吗？只能说出现得早，此处EARLY是副词不是形容词，E对因为时态对，WELL ESTABLISHED放在逗号后正是为了防止歧义，修饰前面短语的中心词METHOD而不是EXTRACTION。

    GWD中很多答案错，要相信自己的判断。

    作者: cowslip    时间: 2004-11-23 07:18
    After the second thinking, I still agree with answer E.It's the best one.
    作者: littlemuddie    时间: 2004-11-23 12:39
    以下是引用enjoy7habits在2004-7-8 16:57:00的发言：

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.







    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction

    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

    答案是B,请指教


    偶先选C, 但后来觉得B反而对。

    GMAT原则，不改原意的情况下选最好的。C 改变原意， 它把动词 establish 改成形容词 established, (this is wrong).

    B应理解为：Leaching........as method..... established, but....miners did not realize.......

    和其他的比较B为最佳答案。请指教。

    作者: JerryGuan    时间: 2004-11-23 14:04
    以下是引用enjoy7habits在2004-7-8 16:57:00的发言：

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.







    1. as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established

    2. as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

    3. was a well-established method of mineral extraction

    4. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was

    5. had been a method of mineral extraction, well established

    答案是B,请指教


    此题，我会选C

    A、D不考虑了。

    B除上述的错误外，还有一个：as a method of the extraction of minerals well established

    established与被修的名词method离得太远，中间隔了minerals、extraction，牛郎织女之恨！所以，即便把as改为is/was都还有缺陷。

    E的错误在于时态的逻辑意思上，虽然语法说得通，但是过去完成意思是：leaching过去是一个method，而现在（说话的现在）就已经不是了，要不怎么叫“过去完成时”呢

    作者: 薰衣紫草    时间: 2004-12-3 05:48

    C

    E is wrong. In E, "well established" refers to mineral extraction rather than to "leaching", distorting the orginal meaning of the sentence.

    So is D. The orginal meaning is leaching was as early as.....

    B is obviously wrong! read it again. The first half of the sentence doesn't even have a vt. because "established" here should be passive --- was established.

    作者: missing_80    时间: 2004-12-12 23:12
    C
    作者: xiao_zhutou    时间: 2005-2-13 02:37
    以下是引用lukrenee在2004-11-15 11:01:00的发言：

    答案一定是E，B错因为BUT前不是句子，且BUT在句中是连词而不是副词，应要求对称，C错是因为METHOD不能EARLY，你听说过一个方法早的吗？只能说出现得早，此处EARLY是副词不是形容词，E对因为时态对，WELL ESTABLISHED放在逗号后正是为了防止歧义，修饰前面短语的中心词METHOD而不是EXTRACTION。


    GWD中很多答案错，要相信自己的判断。



    支持lukrenee。


    google了一下"as early as", 用法都是时间状语修饰动词。没见到修饰名词的。C中a method as early as不通啊。为什么选C不选E呢？大家帮帮忙吧

    作者: ya-ya    时间: 2005-2-16 10:21
    以下是引用xiao_zhutou在2005-2-13 2:37:00的发言：



    支持lukrenee。


    google了一下"as early as", 用法都是时间状语修饰动词。没见到修饰名词的。C中a method as early as不通啊。为什么选C不选E呢？大家帮帮忙吧



    支持楼上, C的as early as 成分不清啊, 哪位NN能举出类似的as early as的用法吗?
    作者: tuzq    时间: 2005-3-6 21:21
    以下是引用valarie在2004-9-20 1:15:00的发言：

    I agree on C.


    B - incomplete sentence.


    E- Had been has no clear time frame. Perfect past tense has to have a clear time frame (from a point in the past to the point in the past). 不过最关键错是well established 扭曲句意。原句认为leaching is a well-established method ... as early as the 18th century. 不是 "the method was well established as early as 18th century" as E suggests. 就是说，不是18实际建成的，而是在18实际是比较完善的方法。


    hehe,如果是这样的考虑的话，更应该选E了。现在有无公论呀。

    作者: cgcg    时间: 2005-4-19 12:51

    做的时候在C和E之间举棋不定。但最终否定C，a method as early as 18C不通的，a method established as early as 18C是可以的，中文译为“早在18世纪便建立的”，修饰动词。

    当然，E的过去完成时给句子加了点意思，好像在引申no longer a method。但其他还是讲得通的：

    Leaching, <appositive modifying "leaching">, had been a method of mineral extration, well established ... （appositive modifying "a method of mineral extration"), but ....

    作者: wwwhahchn    时间: 2005-5-14 14:06

    OG011：

    Using accounts of various ancient writers they used, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess."

    这里的perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C.，从语法上我分不清是修饰名词cult还是动词worshipped，不过我觉得从逻辑上来说，修饰cult更合适

    作者: Geniepink    时间: 2005-6-3 01:07

    选B前半句没动词了呀


    支持C 否E是因为改变了句子的中心 逻辑不对了 虽然我也觉得 method of mineral extraction as early as...也不太通顺


    请指正

    作者: nyc_cfa    时间: 2005-8-17 09:32

    我认为是E, 尽管E的时态是有点别扭。


    关键是as early as是用来修饰established,  B中做不到这点，只能修饰was.


    作者: 丑得老婆哭    时间: 2005-9-3 10:08

    感叹一下：看讨论太花时间了!!!!!


    E：had been毫无根据，这种提炼方法没说只是以前用现在就不用了。对于E这种句子，缩减得形式是：SVO,done.即：leaching had been a method,well established.过去分词放在句末，有两种用法，1是修饰主句主语作状语2是修饰主句宾语作定语。因此，这里得过去分词用法是1种情况都说得通。判定E错不是因为后面这个established，而是时态得错！


    C:正确。


    [此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-3 10:31:05编辑过]
    作者: rosebudxiaojie    时间: 2005-9-15 21:40
    以下是引用wwwhahchn在2005-5-14 14:06:00的发言：

    OG011：


    Using accounts of various ancient writers they used, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, "the good goddess."


    这里的perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C.，从语法上我分不清是修饰名词cult还是动词worshipped，不过我觉得从逻辑上来说，修饰cult更合适

    这里as early as the sixth century 做状语修饰定语从句中的分词worshipped
    作者: pebbles    时间: 2005-9-23 02:51
    以下是引用薰衣紫草在2004-12-3 5:48:00的发言：

    C


    E is wrong. In E, "well established" refers to mineral extraction rather than to "leaching", distorting the orginal meaning of the sentence.


    So is D. The orginal meaning is leaching was as early as.....


    B is obviously wrong! read it again. The first half of the sentence doesn't even have a vt. because "established" here should be passive --- was established.


    语法服了紫草了...读来已有OG解释风范了.可惜自己又上ETS当了,竟然弃C选E.晕!

    作者: dreamerps    时间: 2005-9-27 21:02
    C,紫草厉害啊~~
    作者: chenshw    时间: 2005-11-9 16:17
    这几个as early as ...和原文中的as early as一样，都是副词短语修饰整个句子的，leaching早在十八世纪就是a well-established method of mineral extraction, 该短语并不修饰某一词，leaching、method 或者extraction。
    作者: mygrace    时间: 2005-11-11 03:32
    vote for C

    作者: nirvana0211    时间: 2005-12-19 12:12

    为什么紫草认为In E, "well established" refers to mineral extraction rather than to "leaching"？　现在分词可以修饰主句主语，过去分词就不可以么？

    作者: brissa    时间: 2006-1-26 00:31

    1，  我不认为薰衣紫草mm说的是对的。


    E中well established as early as 18th century,是用逗号括起来的插入语，或者说是状语，状语是修饰主句谓语的，即had been，不是宾语a method of mineral extraction.另外我们在讨论带逗号的过分修饰问题时，也谈到过它有两个作用：1，修饰先行此，2，跳跃修饰主句谓语。总之，这里well established as early as 18th century是没有修饰歧异的。


    我选E


    2，关于过分时态问题：原题中明明给出了时间状语but until 25 years ago miners did not realize...., 因此，从句用过去式，主句是过去的过去，当然是过去分词了


    3，讨论一下CD中的method of mineral extraction还是method of extracting mineral，即到底用动名词还是名词。我认为动名词好，因为它表达动态过程，而leaching也是一个动态的过程。（如果主语是leach，这里用extraction就比较好了）


    4，well-established 的位置问题：在CD中的位置都是错的。原句well established明明是做状语，CD中给改成定语，改变句意，错。


    5，as early as18 century问题。原句是放在两个逗号中给括起来的，做状语的，C还勉强可以说是仍旧做状语，但D中给放到that was定从中去了，明显成为a method of...的定语，改变句意，错。


    综上所述，我认为E,


    虽然a method of mineral extraction不如 a method of extracting mineral好，但瑕不掩瑜。E


    [此贴子已经被作者于2006-1-26 0:31:33编辑过]
    作者: Grigo    时间: 2006-1-26 14:41
    以下是引用bryan0806在2004-9-27 5:29:00的发言：


    不,我觉得 leaching 现在是不是a method of mineral extraction 并不知道 文中只说一直到25年前miners才了解病毒在过程中是主动的角色

    如果文中要强调leaching 现在不是a method of mineral extraction  则需用过去完成时  但我觉得应该没有这样



    up.


    C

    作者: seventree    时间: 2006-1-26 16:15

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.





    B.as a method of the extraction of minerals well established


    还有人来看这题么？我选B，没有那么多复杂的理由，看时态，Leaching这种方法到现在还是在应用的。没必要用was/had been.

    作者: seventree    时间: 2006-1-26 16:16

    Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.





    B.as a method of the extraction of minerals well established


    还有人来看这题么？我选B，没有那么多复杂的理由，看时态，Leaching这种方法到现在还是在应用的。没必要用was/had been.

    作者: shouyang12    时间: 2006-2-12 17:03
    C
    作者: GMAT阿驴    时间: 2006-2-15 17:34
    B错因为  minerals 后少了,  well established 修饰歧异
    作者: LunarLin    时间: 2006-3-14 17:19
    我选E.
    作者: ljyxjt    时间: 2006-3-22 21:18

    E，只有E的时态是对的。

    作者: amber0919    时间: 2006-4-27 12:35
    作者: amber0919    时间: 2006-4-27 12:51
    Ｅ时态有误．过去完成时表示在过去某点前发生并已经完成．表示已经停止了的动作．该题没有这个意思．过去普遍存在，并没有停止．
    作者: windson9    时间: 2006-4-28 10:56
    !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!c
    作者: dreamchaserdan    时间: 2006-5-5 18:12
    E
    作者: fiaoyaya    时间: 2006-6-10 02:28

    E错,as early as这样的结构搭配的本来就是一般过去时,这个在LZM中以及OG的很多个例子当中都被无数次地证明过.

    所以had been在时态上本身是错误的.

    另外,其他解释NN薰衣紫草MM已经解释得很清楚了,完全同意.

    作者: findjuhl    时间: 2006-9-8 19:35

    E的established离修饰对象太远了。


    [此贴子已经被作者于2006-9-23 14:04:03编辑过]
    作者: 足球幽灵    时间: 2006-9-20 19:44

    认为是C,理由:

    A,it指代不清楚,多余.

    B,but表示的是并列结构,其后引导句子,其前也必须是句子,很明显but前没有任何谓语动词,这是最基本的语法错误!

    D,that was 多余,错

    E,过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去,但是它同时表示动作完成在过去的过去.举个例子:he had done the work at the 6:00.表示动作是在六点做完的;he did the work at 6:00.表示做这个工作是在六点,没有完成的含义(摘自章语法).从这道题来看,这个方法在18世纪就产生了,并且一直有,用完成时明显不符合逻辑,错.还可参照11thOG 86

    C as early as 作时间状语.正确


    [此贴子已经被作者于2006-9-20 19:48:08编辑过]
    作者: dldennis    时间: 2006-12-5 08:58
    up up up
    作者: 期待蔚蓝    时间: 2006-12-18 01:17


    [此贴子已经被作者于2006-12-18 1:19:49编辑过]
    作者: dreamchaserdan    时间: 2007-1-20 21:56

    第二次做，还是强烈支持(E)。

    首先关于多人质疑的时态问题，我认为直到25年之前才被认识到细菌在过程中的积极作用，反衬早在18世纪就已经是well established的方法，过去完成时恰好说明了两者的时间差距。另外，虽然well established没有紧跟修饰词method，但是前面A of B的结构，不能否认它不可以修饰method而一定要修饰mineral extraction。（尽管ETS喜欢紧跟的明确修饰）。

    不喜欢(C)的原因，很明显as early as the eighteenth century，无论是修饰was，或者是method都是很奇怪的。逻辑意义上明显是表示established as early as the eighteenth century.

    个人浅见，希望NN指正。

    作者: sweetbeer    时间: 2007-3-26 00:56

    做第一套41题选了E，现在做到xy第8套选了C，改邪归正了

    E的确没法接收，观点前人已讲得很明白，1，E的过去完成时错，gmat中过去完成时必须有明显的动作先后标志，并且作者想要表达一种在过去的某一时点就完成的动作，这里不是；2，well established离修饰对象太远，按照就近修饰原则将产生逻辑错误

    作者: 阿土莎莎    时间: 2007-11-23 14:38
    作者: lulu_odin    时间: 2008-4-30 10:35
    作者: helenzane    时间: 2008-10-3 15:15
    以下是引用携隐在2004-9-23 16:40:00的发言：

    看来看去只有C对.D的that was修饰谁? method? method was as early as?不太对吧.E的had been怎么看怎么不对啊,哪里有时间提示说要用过去完成时啊?

    那C呢？was a well-established method of mineral extraction as early as

    这里不也是修饰method么？

    作者: smartsky11    时间: 2009-3-20 22:42
    D
    作者: hyang08    时间: 2009-4-5 14:32
    新prep 196给出正确答案了，是C
    作者: Powellyao    时间: 2009-7-16 19:50
    ding
    作者: guosijiev    时间: 2009-7-30 19:56
    a
    作者: smartflowers    时间: 2009-8-3 05:02
    同问
    作者: 尘未    时间: 2009-12-10 15:28
    以下是引用薰衣紫草在2004-12-3 5:48:00的发言：

    C
    E is wrong. In E, "well established" refers to mineral extraction rather than to "leaching", distorting the orginal meaning of the sentence.
    So is D. The orginal meaning is leaching was as early as.....
    B is obviously wrong! read it again. The first half of the sentence doesn't even have a vt. because "established" here should be passive --- was established.
    语法服了紫草了...读来已有OG解释风范了.可惜自己又上ETS当了,竟然弃C选E.晕!
    -- by 会员 pebbles (2005/9/23 2:51:00)





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