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标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-19】 [打印本页]

作者: 抓抓sandra 时间: 2011-8-25 01:34
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-19】
困糊糊的找的，如果有重复的告诉我，我尽快换哦~

#1 feifei74

74. Governments have only one response to public criticism of socially necessary services: regulation of the activity of providing those services. But governments inevitably make the activity more expensive by regulating it, and that is particularly troublesome in these times of strained financial resources. However, since public criticism of childcare services has undermined all confidence in such services, and since such services are socially necessary, the government is certain to respond.

Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

OA:The cost of providing child-care services will increase.

#2 FEIFEI75
75. Advertisers are often criticized for their unscrupulous manipulation of people’s tastes and wants. There is evidence, however, that some advertisers are motivated by moral as well as financial considerations. A particular publication decided to change its image from being a family newspaper to concentrating one sex and violence, thus appealing to a different readership. Some advertisers withdrew their advertisements from the publication, and this must have been because they morally disapproved of publishing salacious material.

Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument?
OA:The advertisers expected their product sales to increase if they stayed with the changed publication, but to decrease if they withdrew.

#3 FEIFEI76
76. Learning how to build a nest plays an important part in the breeding success of birds. For example, Dr. Snow has recorded the success of a number of blackbirds in several successive years. He finds that birds nesting for the first time are less successful in breeding than are older birds, and also less successful than they themselves are a year later. This cannot be a mere matter of size and strength, since blackbirds, like the great majority of birds, are fully grown when they leave the nest. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that they benefit by their nesting experience.

Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?
OA：The capacity of blackbirds to lay viable eggs increase with each successive trial during the first few years of reproduction.

#4 feifei77
77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?
OA: Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

#5 FEIFEI81
Nuclear fusion is a process whereby the nuclei of atoms are joined, or “fused”, and in which energy is released. One of the by-products of fusion is helium-4 gas. A recent fusion experiment was conducted using “heavy” water contained in a sealed flask. The flask was, in turn, contained in an air-filled chamber designed to eliminate extraneous vibration. After the experiment, a measurable amount of helium-4 gas was found in the air of the chamber. The experiments cited this evidence in support of their conclusion that fusion had been achieved.

Which one of the following, if true, would cast doubt on the experimenters’ conclusion?
OA: The amount of helium-4 found in the chamber’s air did not exceed the amount of helium-4 that is found in ordinary air.

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-25 09:33
1. 36s
Info1: The only aspect the government should respond is the regulating of those services
Info2: Such regulation would increase service price
Info3: Since Childcare service is under critism, and such service is necessary, the government will respond

Infer: THe price of Childcare service will increase

2. 45s
Conclusion: The withdraw must be determined by moral issues
Premise: A publication changed its target, and the advertisers withdraw their advertisement.

Strengthen: 我以为是不是financial consideration,答案是may also connected to financial consideration.
难道因为这题的意思是，是financial consideration和moral issues共同决定它的behavior？

3. 50s
Conclusion:The increasing breeding success rate is caused by nesting experience
Premise: The observed bird's breeding success rate increase after successful nesting, and this problem is not a matter of size and strength

Weaken: 我focus在了“可能就是size and strength”的问题上。。没想到竟然是产蛋数量增加。。。。。

4. 39s
Conclusion: The airline company should rethink about their measures
Premise: Classroom instruction is not the same as actual experience

Assumption: Actual experience is really very necessary

5. 45s
Conclusion: THe fusion has been achieved
PRemise: We got a lot of 4-gas

Weaken: The 4-gas may not be the product of fusion 跟答案一个意思啦~

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-8-25 10:32
哭，。。。辛辛苦苦打到第五题，不小心点出去了~~~全木有了、、就当我写了吧。。
谈谈我的想法哈~第二题，原文说了广告商受利益和道德的驱使。但是结论说这个广告商受的是道德的驱使。所以加强就是这个广告商没有受到利益的驱使，所以就是答案：停留在改变后的版面它们的利润会增加，但是撤销就会降低了，不知道这么理解对不对。
第三题，我不理解这个蛋的数量有啥关系，我也是在考虑大小和重量了

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-8-25 19:30
8-24
1. 45s没读出来
Governments have only one response to public criticism of socially necessary services: regulation of the activity of providing those services. But governments inevitably make the activity more expensive by regulating it, and that is particularly troublesome in these times of strained financial resources. However, since public criticism of childcare services has undermined all confidence in such services, and since such services are socially necessary, the government is certain to respond.
Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
政府唯一回应的说法就是：我们要regulat。但是这样必然要提高成本，使财政政策紧缩。但是，因为对儿童保育服务的公开批评使对这些服务的信心都降低了，而且因为这样的服务时社会必要的，所以政府必须回应。
推论：光说regulation of the activity of providing those services.是不够的
OA:The cost of providing child-care services will increase. 总结上文
像superbat28这样就清楚了
Info1: The only aspect the government should respond is the regulating of those services
Info2: Such regulation would increase service price
Info3: Since Childcare service is under critism, and such service is necessary, the government will respond

Infer: THe price of Childcare service will increase

2. 35s
How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.
Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?
Unrealistic不切实际的
我也要改进新格式
提出问题：为啥飞机事故上升了？
答案：人为错误
解决：提高训练飞行员的时间，instructions
效果：但是这个并不能弥补事故的上升飞行员缺乏飞行经验
结论：要想其他办法

假设：那些飞行事故时由于飞行员缺乏飞行经验导致的
OA: Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.补上gap

3. 45s
Learning how to build a nest plays an important part in the breeding success of birds. For example, Dr. Snow has recorded the success of a number of blackbirds in several successive years. He finds that birds nesting for the first time are less successful in breeding than are older birds, and also less successful than they themselves are a year later. This cannot be a mere matter of size and strength, since blackbirds, like the great majority of birds, are fully grown when they leave the nest. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that they benefit by their nesting experience.
Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument?
讨论中心：鸟筑巢在孵蛋中产生着重要影响。
支持证据：一个研究发现，年轻的鸟没有老的鸟在孵蛋成功，也没有自己在一年后成功。而且是不仅仅是大小和力量的原因。
结论：经验起着作用

削弱：老的鸟第一次孵蛋也很成功
OA：The capacity of blackbirds to lay viable eggs increase with each successive trial during the first few years of reproduction. 不是因为经验，是因为产量，他因涉入

4. 42s
Advertisers are often criticized for their unscrupulous manipulation of people’s tastes and wants. There is evidence, however, that some advertisers are motivated by moral as well as financial considerations. A particular publication decided to change its image from being a family newspaper to concentrating one sex and violence, thus appealing to a different readership. Some advertisers withdrew their advertisements from the publication, and this must have been because they morally disapproved of publishing salacious material.
Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument?
Unscrupulous不讲道德的
话题：广告常常影响人们的taste
证据：有一个广告商把关于性和暴力的广告从一个家庭杂志中撤下来了
结论：广告商还是有良知

加强：从哪个家庭杂志上撤下来，会使销量下降
OA:The advertisers expected their product sales to increase if they stayed with the changed publication, but to decrease if they withdrew. 补上gap

5. 38s
Nuclear fusion is a process whereby the nuclei of atoms are joined, or “fused”, and in which energy is released. One of the by-products of fusion is helium-4 gas. A recent fusion experiment was conducted using “heavy” water contained in a sealed flask. The flask was, in turn, contained in an air-filled chamber designed to eliminate extraneous vibration. After the experiment, a measurable amount of helium-4 gas was found in the air of the chamber. The experiments cited this evidence in support of their conclusion that fusion had been achieved.
Which one of the following, if true, would cast doubt on the experimenters’ conclusion?
背景：核聚合会产生氦四
事件：一个实验后，测出了氦4
结论：这个里面有核聚合

削弱：这个氦4的量和平常空气中的一样
OA: The amount of helium-4 found in the chamber’s air did not exceed the amount of helium-4 that is found in ordinary air. 结论削弱

作者: monalisa0421 时间: 2011-11-12 10:59
第二题读了超久。。。最后直接写中文了。。。bat的分析很对！！

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2012-3-5 17:56
1.超时了。。对于公众对社会基础服务的批判，政府只有一句话：管制这些服务活动，但是管制将不可避免的提高这些服务的价格，并且管制很难进行。。。对孩子照顾服务的批判打击了所有这种服务的新新，但是由于它的基础性，政府却做出了相应

不懂啊。。。这能infer什么、、、

2.报纸杂志广告的发布经常靠的不是严密的思考而是道德。。例如一个广告想从家庭方面转到性和暴力方面，他们撤回了所有发型的杂志，因为他们道德上不允许发布这种东西

削弱：考虑到了这种东西木人看啊或者觉得会影响经济利润

3.鸟类成功培养后代跟他们的筑巢能力相关。黑鸟，观察发现，第一次筑巢比起其他的有经验的鸟和一年后的自己培养后代成功率都不行。。。这跟他们成熟与否无关，因为他们都是长成熟了才离开鸟巢的，所以。。

削弱：不是跟筑巢能力而是第一次培养后代有关。。。

4.研究发现飞机失事跟驾驶员有很大关系，所以驾校加大了驾驶员的培训，但是依然无法填补他们真是操作的时间。所以驾校要重新考虑他们的plan了

假设：实际操作时间对与学习非常重要！

5.fusion会产生那个H 做了个实验减少过多的震动发现产生了H 所以fusion产生了。。
削弱别的原因产生了H 并非fusion

作者: CC5 时间: 2012-10-20 23:35
1.如果regulation也受到公众的批评,政府会做出回复
2.大部分收回的广告跟sex 和violence关系很少
3.看别的鸟筑巢学会的
4.那些技能必须在实践中掌握
5.whether the h4gas from other thing?

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-14 18:48
1.45s
P:public criticism has undermines all the confidence in child service
C:政府应该就public criticism进行回应
MBT：【combination】 or 【preharase】
2.51s(今天看得好慢。。。)
P:when one publication decided to change its image from family to sex and violence, many advertisers withdraw their ads from this publication
C: advertisers do this out of moral consideration
Strengthen: these advertises ever did the same kind of thing when other publication claimed to involve immoral things; OR the advertisers did not take profit into consideration when they withdraw their ads; OR most of the advertisers who withdrew the ads have productions which will enjoy popular sales among readers of sex and violence publications
3.45s
P: when birds leave their nest they are fully grown-up; birds build nest less successful at the first time
C: birds benefit from their nesting
Weaken: when birds leave the nests, they will become stronger and more experienced by living and hunting by their own
4.31s
P: providing more classroom training to pilots, but will not compensate for pilots' lack of actual flying time
C: the airlines will not decrease the accidents caused by pilots' error and should rethink their plan
Assumption: the classroom training courses cannot provide pilots opportunity to exercise their flying skills
5.43s
P: one of a by-products of a fusion experiment is H-2 gas. And one such experiment produced some H-4 gas
C: the fusion experiment is successful
Weaken: it is possible that the experiment produces only H-4 gas and does not achieve any other fusion goal

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-14 18:59
看完答案才知道第一题说的是什么。。。
读懂文章很重要啊！尤其是在MBT题上~
加油吧！

作者: Cybill 时间: 2013-6-26 20:59
1.
2. 我要骂人了！生词真特么多！
P: A example
C: advertisers motivate moral and money.
Strengthen: no money change
3. 39'
P: blackbird build better when they get older and have successful breeding
C: bird build a nest is a important skill for reproduction.
Weaken: other bird,文章说巢管用，题目说鸟自己管用
4. 41'
P: pilot error is contribute 2/3 crash; increase class and time to train
C: such train cannot compensate real flight.
Assumption: the class is not based on real flight.
5. 最后一题神了。。。

作者: flonacui 时间: 2013-8-8 11:11
1 47s
P The government has mad the childcare services less confident
P The childcare services is necessary
C The government should bear the responsibility.
inference:
标准答案：联系上下文 the government only have one response-regulation-but, more expense, troublesome-childservice很必要但government管理了， government应该承担责任把钱和责任联系在一起
2 1'02''
P For the consideration of the morality.
C Some advertisers would no longer put their advertisements on this newspapers.
strenthen: The advertisers do so not because of the profits. 排除他因并不是因为钱的原因直接加强答案
3 1'40''
P The nesting birds are less successful in breeding for the first year compared with older birds and are less successful compared with themselves in the second year.
P This is not because the size.
C The birds take benefit from the nesting.
weaken:
标准答案：他因削弱并不是因为nest benefits breeding nesting能力逐年好而是因为下蛋的能力逐年增强
4. 49s
P The new measure could not compensate the real flying time of the pilots.
C The airline should reconsider its plan of increasing the time training for the pilots.
assuption: The flying time is an important factor to prevent crash.
GAP型
5. 1'18''
P The helium4 gas was found.
C The experiment about fusion was activated.
weaken: The are no other ways to generate helium4; There is no helium4 in the air.
排除他因证明确实是实验产生的

作者: m1nt 时间: 2013-8-27 15:33
1. 45’
Info1: Governments have only one response to public criticism of socially necessary services
Info2: Such regulation would increase service price
Info3: Childcare service is necessary, the government will respond
Infer: THe price of childcare service will increase

2. 36’
Premise: A publication changed its target, some advertisers withdrew.
Conclusion: some advertisers are motivated by moral as well as financial consideration
Strengthen: withdrew will decrease profit

3. 25’
Premise: fully grown, birds nesting for the first time are less successful in breeding than are older birds, and also less successful than they themselves are a year later.
Conclusion: the birds benefit by their nesting experience.
Weaken: 他因

4. 25’
Premise: increase classroom instruction can not compensate actual flying
Conclusion: airline should rethink their training approach to reduce crashes
Assumption: Actual experience is important to reduce crashes

5. 45’
Premise: H4 found in chamber,
Conclusion: fusion has been achieved
Weaken: H4 found in chamber is different

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-28 05:32
1. 超时。。明明还不是很晚怎么就是看不进去英语句子呢==+

BG: 对于社会公共服务的批评，政府只有一个回应：我们负责监管。然而政府的监管会导致费用的增加。在财政紧缩时，问题更加严重。
Premise: 社会对于儿童服务差评如潮，而这项服务又是社会必须的，因此政府一定会做出回应。

Inference: 政府回应，儿童服务费用增加。

2.
BG: 批评称广告商过度操控消费者的需求和品位。
Argument: 还是有足够证据证明其实广告商是受到道德和经济利益双方约束的。
Premise: 比如一家家庭类杂志想把风格转变成黄色暴力。于是有广告商相应撤下了广告。
Conclusion：他们撤下广告一定是收到了道德的约束。

Strengthen: 广告商expect撤下广告会直接导致销售量下降收益减少，即经济受损的前提下。

3. 鸟孵蛋筑巢很重要。
发现年轻的鸟不如年长的鸟筑巢住得好。
一年之后也比一年前筑得好。
撇开鸟本身的大小和力气不看，黑鸟和其他鸟一样都是在完全长大之后才离开巢的。
所以经验越丰富的鸟筑巢越成功。

Weaken：。。。

4. BG:2/3的飞机失事都归咎于飞行员的失误。
Premise：因此航空公司培训增加了飞行培训课程等等。
但是这样并不能补偿其实际飞行时间。
Conclusion：所以他们的培训计划得改变。

Assumption: 他们的课程不涉及实际飞行，且飞行员的失误只能通过实际飞行来解决。

5. 核聚变发生之后会产生一种H气体。
最近一项核聚变实验在一个密封的瓶子里做的，外面的屋子是充满空气的，为了减震。
试验过后，在这个屋子里发现了H气体。这成为了核聚变实验确实发生成功了的证据之一。

weaken: 核聚变发生并不是产生这种气体的唯一条件。

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2013-8-29 11:55

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-28 05:32
1. 超时。。明明还不是很晚怎么就是看不进去英语句子呢==+

BG: 对于社会公共服务的批评，政府只有一个回应 ...

怎么有的没写时间？

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-30 02:05

大三准备留学发表于 2013-8-29 11:55
怎么有的没写时间？

因为我看了两遍直接没控制时间了我错了T^T 这两天各种不在状态

作者: kaniris 时间: 2014-9-17 15:57
学习了，谢谢！

作者: Monica2020 时间: 2019-8-1 14:21
1.0:44
Infor1: 政府对群众的批评唯一的回应是对提供那些服务的活动进行管制
infor2: 但这会导致activity更昂贵
infor3: 因为群众对childcare的服务的不满超过对这个服务的confidence & 这项服务又是必需的, the government need to respond
Infer: 暂时没想到
2. 0:33;1:37
premise：Some advertisers withdrew their advertisements from the publication that will change their newspapers' image to concentrating one sex and violence
conclusion: this must have been because they morally disapproved of publishing salacious material.
strengthen: if they want to change, their can also attract more readers/ preclude other reasons
3.0:45; 1:40
premise: birds nesting for the first time are less successful than are older birds, and also less successful than they themselves are a year later.
This cannot be a mere matter of size and strength, since blackbirds are fully grown when they leave the nest.
conclusion: they benefit by their nesting experience
weaken: the more they nest , the stronger they will become....(somethingh about size and strenth...）
4.0:35；1:25
premise：upgrading training programs by classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time.
conclusion: the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.
assumption：basic instruction and communication are not crucial to actual flying( reasons for those plane crush are about pliots who lack acutal flying experience instead of communication or...)

5. 0:45; 1:40 有点难懂。。。
premise: After the experiment which was conducted using “heavy” water contained in a sealed flask, a measurable amount of helium-4 gas was found in the air of the chamber.
conclusion: fusion had been achieved
flaw: the heavy water might intervented with the helium-4 gas ...

对过答案发现比之前错的少了些，feifei题目还是nb的，最后一题和鸟巢那题真心.....想不出来

作者: chloeuw 时间: 2019-9-12 09:17
1-19-1 33s
BG: Governments have only one response to public criticism of socially necessary services: regulation. And regulation cost a lot.
P: Child care policy received public criticism, but child care is socially necessary.
C: The government is certain to respond.
Infer: Government will respond to socially necessary services regardless of the cost. (重复前提)
Infer: 根据 Respond Regulate 得出Cost increase
OA: The cost of providing child-care services will increase.

1-19-2 52s
P: A magazine change from family friendly to violence.
C: Some advertisers withdrew because they morally disagree.
W: Advertisers withdrew because the changed readership is not their targeted customers.
S: Some advertisers will not advertise on magazines they morally disagree despite the possible benefits.
OA: The advertisers expected their product sales to increase if they stayed with the changed publication, but to decrease if they withdrew.

1-19-3 39s
P: Birds became fully grew when they came out of nest. 第一次筑巢的鸟没有老鸟和以后的自己好
C: Birds benefited from their experience.
W: OA：The capacity of blackbirds to lay viable eggs increase with each successive trial during the first few years of reproduction.
1-19-4 36s
BG: Pilot errors account for 2/3 of the crashes. Airline increased training time.
P: Can’t compensate for the lack of actual flying time.
C: The airline should rethink their approach to reduce commercial crashes.
A: Only to increase actual flying time, can the commercial crashes be reduced.
Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

1-19-5 54s
BG: Nuclear fusion… Byproduct H4
P: After experiment, a measurable H4 is found. （文中其他专业信息就是来作妖的）
C: Fusion has been achieved.
W: 错误操作也能产生H4（寻找他因削弱，不仅是fusion可以获得H4）
OA: The amount of helium-4 found in the chamber’s air did not exceed the amount of helium-4 that is found in ordinary air.

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