1. Telephone companies are promoting “voice mail” as an alternative to the answering machine. By recording messages from callers when a subscriber does not have access to his or her telephone, voice mail provides a service similar to that of an answering machine. The companies promoting this service argue that it will soon make answering machines obsolete, since it is much more convenient, more flexible, and less expensive than an answering machine.
Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the argument made by the companies promoting voice mail?
--FEIFEI54 Key: Answering machines enable the customer to hear who is calling before the customer decides whether to answer the telephone, a service voice mail does not provide.
2. For next year, the Chef’s Union has requested a 10 percent salary increase for each of its members, whereas the Hotel Managers’ Union has requested only an 8 percent salary increase for each of its members. These facts demonstrate that the average dollar amount of the raises that the Chefs’ Union has requested for next year is greater than that of the raises requested by the Hotel Managers’ Union.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
--FEIFEI42 Key: The current salaries of the members of the Chefs’ Union are, on average, higher than the current salaries of the members of the Hotel Managers’ Union.
3.Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends? --FEIFEI21 Key: Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury.
4.When investigators discovered that the director of a local charity had repeatedly overstated the number of people his charity had helped, the director accepted responsibility for the deception. However, the investigators claims that journalists were as much to blame as the director was for inflating the charity’s reputation, since they had naively accepted what the director told them, and simply reported as fact the numbers he gave them.
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the investigators’ claim --FEIFEI53
Key: Anyone who presents as factual a story that turns out to be untrue without first attempting to verify that story is no less responsible for the consequences of that story than anyone else is.
5. The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of a company that makes shampoo: “A widely publicized study claims that HR2, a chemical compound in our shampoo, can contribute to hair loss after prolonged use. This study, however, involved only 500 subjects. Furthermore, we have received no complaints from our customers during the past year, and some of our competitors actually use more HR2 per bottle of shampoo than we do. Therefore, we do not need to consider replacing the HR2 in our shampoo with a more expensive alternative.” Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
--AA作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-8-21 16:21
终于跟上进度了。。。。但是狒狒这几道前几天才做了。。。 谢谢大家啊作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-22 17:19
1. 39s Conclusion: THe voice mail is superior than answering machine Premise: Voice mails have lots of benefits
Weaken: Voice mails have some disadvantages.
2. 30s Conclusion: THe increase of Chef's is higher than that of the Managers Premise: Chef 10% increase, Manager 8% increase
Strengthen: The base of Chef is greater than that of manager
3. 50s Conclusion: If we find mercury in B's hair, then he must have suffered from a certain disease Premise: People can determine one's medical history by analyzing hair, mercury could be used to treat that disease
Assumption: THe mercury was not used for other things.
4. 38s Conclusion: The journalists is same guity Premise: Js do not first attempt to verify the info作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-8-23 11:21
不写推理链了嗷。
1.voice email 有其他缺点，不可替代。
2.Weaken-#%
Percentage 和 number 不可比。
题干有average。选项一定有一般错误的人数变化。
C U 提高前的工资大于 HU。
3.ingest没有他因。
这个我记得答案。咳。
4.记者都没有对数据作出调查？
Lap 4 00:00:59.01 00:03:27.32 Lap 3 00:01:15.05 00:02:28.30 Lap 2 00:00:36.59 00:01:13.25 Lap 1 00:00:36.66 00:00:36.66作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-12 14:36
1.29s P: the Voice Mail is more convenient, more flexible, and less expensive C: the VM will soon make answering machine obsolete Weaken: the Answering Machine is too widely used to be replaced, OR people will find it expensive to change their current device to use VM 2.22s P:C union--10%increase, M union--8% increase C: the Chef Union Members' average salary raises will be higher than those of Manager Union Strengthen: the average salary level of C union is no more lower than that of M union 3.34s BG: we can know the medical history through the chemical analysis of hair. Through Newton's hair analysis, we know he was died of... P: we can know whether B has ever taken M through his hair analysis, M is used to treated V disease C:if we can trace any M in B's hair, we can conclude that B had V disease. Assumption:M is used only for V treatment 4.29s BG: when investigation find any charity overstated the number of people they have helped, the director will be responsible.P: journalists are naive and accepted the number that they are told C: journalists should also be responsible for the lies Support: it is journalists who eventually help spread the influence of charity by citing the overstated number in their aiticles作者: kid381 时间: 2013-7-2 20:17
1-16
76 29’’
Background info: Telephone company prompts a new service called ‘voice mail’ which is similar to the answering machine.
Argument: telephone company think voice mail will soon replace answering machine.
Evidence: it is more flexible and convenient.
Weaken: 1. service mail charged a so high fee that most of people couldn’t afford it. 2. Most people use answering machine when they don’t want other people to bother them.
77 45’’
Fact1: Chef’s Union requests a 10 percent salary increase for each of its members.
Fact2: Hotel’s Union only requests an 8 percent salary increase.
Conclusion: What chefs’ union requested cannot be required by hotel’s union.
Strengthen: Most salary increase is to require the demand of Waiter & Waitress’ Union, which requests a 30 percent increase for its members.
78 40’’
Background info: We can learn about the medical history of celebrities through chemical analyses of their hair.
Example: According to the medical test, Researcher found that Newton’s psychological derived from mercury poisoning.
Argument: people hypothesize that Beethoven became deaf because of venereal disease, if mercury, the medicine to treat venereal at that time, was tested in his hair, then it is true that venereal disease caused B to be deaf.
Assumption: Mercury does not cause one person to be deaf.
79 33’’
Fact: investigator finds that the director of local charity has overstated figures of people that the charity helped.
Fact: the director apologized and said he had full responsibility in this fraud.
Argument: the newspaper reporter also should be guilty since he/she accepted the figure without examining the reliability of figures.
80 45’’
Argument: we do not need to consider replacing the HR2 in our shampoo with a more expensive one.
Points:
1. Whether the survey is doubtful. How well the chairman reasoned his argument depends on the validity and reliability of survey. Two factors might prove whether the chairman’s feedback about the survey is accurate. On the one hand, the sample size of the survey, … and on the other hand, how representative is the survey… .In all, further information is needed to judge whether the chairman’s feed on the survey is inappropriate.
2. Based on a false analogy. The chairman incorrectly reasons his argument on the basis that any other competitors use more HR2 per bottle of shampoo than his company. It is likely that the concentration of HR2 not the quantity of HR2 in the shampoo that contributes to the hair loss. …
3. Casual-relationship. No complaint last year do necessarily mean no customer is affected by the low-quality shampoo from this company. The chairman couldn’t argue that his shampoo is flawless because nobody complaint to him. Perhaps the customer don’t realize the hurt of shampoo, or they do not know the service hotline of this company, or the hair loss need a couple of years to take into effect. … 作者: m1nt 时间: 2013-8-21 11:10
1. 20’
Premise: Voice mails have lots of benefits
Conclusion: Voice mail will make answering machines obsolete
Weaken: Voice mails have some disadvantages.
2. 30’
Premise: CU 10% increase, MU 8% increase
Conclusion: CU dollars raise is higher than MU
Strengthen: current CU salaries are no less than MU
3. 45‘
Premise: People can determine one's medical history by analyzing hair
M used to treat V
Conclusion: If find M in B's hair, V caused B deafness
Assumption: M are not used for other things
4. 30’
Premise: J accept what director tell and report
Conclusion: J are as much to blame as director
Assumption: who accept with investigation are also guilty
5.30’
Premise: the study has only 500 subjects
No complain from customers last year
Competitors use more
Conclusion: No need to replace HR2
Weaken: