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标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-15】 [打印本页]

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-20 21:20
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-15】

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

1. GWD-17-Q9

Press Secretary: Ourcritics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellationsdemonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled byopposition parties. They offer asevidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in suchdistricts. But all of the canceled projectshad been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisanauditors. So the President’s choice wasclearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’sargument depends?

Answer：Thescheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostlyprojects in districts controlled by the President’s party.

2. GWD-17-Q30

In a study conducted in Pennsylvania
, servers in various restaurantswrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills totheir customers. Tips on these billswere an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills withoutthe message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularlywrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would besignificantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which theargument relies?

Answer:Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their billswould not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits.

3. GWD-17-Q41

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs werecreated. Will this year bring anotherrecord? Well, any new manufacturingjob is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a newcompany. Within existing firms, newjobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace. At the same time, there is considerableevidence that the number of new companies starting up this year will be nohigher than it was last year and there is no reason to think that the newcompanies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did lastyear’s start-ups. So clearly, thenumber of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldfaceplay which of the following roles?

Answer:The first is presented as obvious truth on which theargument is based; the second is a judgment advanced in support of the mainconclusion of the argument

4. GWD-23-Q14

Plantings of cottonbioengineered to produce its own insecticide against bollworms, a major causeof crop failure, sustained little bollworm damage until this year. This year the plantings are being seriouslydamaged by bollworms. Bollworms,however, are not necessarily developing resistance to the cotton’sinsecticide. Bollworms breed on corn,and last year more corn than usual was planted throughout cotton-growingregions. So it is likely that the cottonis simply being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms.

In evaluating the argument,which of the following would be most useful to establish?

Answer: Whetherplantings of cotton that does not produce the insecticide are sufferingunusually extensive damage from bollworms this year

5. GWD-21-Q4

Which of the following most logically completes thepassage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) ispotentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggestingappendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery islow-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newlydeveloped internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing twomisdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctorscan largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessaryones than before, since .

Answer: the misdiagnoses produced by this test arealways instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact,have it

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-8-21 12:42
1.The president knows it's a waste before the program began?

2.
挑选的Those servers who write “Thank you “ 具有代表性？
Regular “ TNK U” ， customer依然会tip high？

3.premise to support?

4.这个。。。og 的吧。 The non-bio engineered cotton is overwhelmed?
5.There are still misdiagnoses . to prevent the fatal risk , they should perform surgery;
\

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-21 13:03
呀？没仔细看内容就放上来了，赶快再补一道AWA

Issue

“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not onyears of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of servicediscourages people from maintaining consistently high levels of productivity.”

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-8-21 16:20
8-20
1. 40s
Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled project shad been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected non partisan auditors. So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics. 结论支持典型的取非削弱题
Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?
有人说总统取消了一些项目，而这些项目又都是在反对党的领地里的。所以总统是在想削弱对方的势力。结论：这种说法不对。因为项目是否浪费，是由非党派人士决定的。
假设：非党派人士并不想削弱反对党的势力，他们是公平判断的。
Answer：Thes cheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party.
目的要说明The president's decision is fair.原文说被判断为wasteful并被Cancel的项目的决定是公平的,B说那些同样被判断为wasteful但仍然坚持上马的项目(scheduled highway projects) 并非都是President’s party 的，很好的加强目的。

2. 20s
In a study conducted in Pennsylvania
, servers in various restaurantswrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills totheir customers. Tips on these billswere an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills withoutthe message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularlywrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would besignificantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which theargument relies?
宾州的调查发现，在bill上写这THX，客人给的小费要高3%。结论：如果常在bill上写这THX，那么小费的整体水平可以上升。
假设：客人不会因为常常看见THX，而影响他们给小费的态度。
Answer:Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits. 排除干扰

3. 35s
Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs werecreated. Will this year bring anotherrecord? Well, any new manufacturingjob is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a newcompany. Within existing firms, newjobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace. At the same time, there is considerableevidence that the number of new companies starting up this year will be nohigher than it was last year and there is no reason to think that the newcompanies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did lastyear’s start-ups. So clearly, thenumber of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.
In the argument given, the two portions in boldfaceplay which of the following roles?
去年新工作增长了很多，今年会不会呢？这有两个因素影响，一个是现有的公司提供的新工作。一个新公司提供的工作。又知道，现有的公司不会提供比去年更多的工作，新公司也没有去年多，而且这些新公司提供的工作也没有去年多。结论：今年总的新工作不会比去年多。
黑脸：第一句是说明做出结论的基本依据，第二句是支持中心结论的一个分论点。
Answer:The first is presented as obvious truth on which the argument is based; the second is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion拆分结构

4. 45s
Plantings of cotton bioengineered to produce its own insecticide against bollworms, a major cause of crop failure, sustained little bollworm damage until this year. This year the plantings are being seriously damaged by bollworms. Bollworms, however, are not necessarily developing resistance to the cotton’sinsecticide. Bollworms breed on corn,and last year more corn than usual was planted throughout cotton-growingregions. So it is likely that the cotton is simply being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms. 偷换概念，前面说转基因棉花，后面的总的棉花
In evaluating the argument, which of the following would be most useful to establish?
一个虫子要吃棉花，它还可以抵抗杀虫剂。而今年有很多棉花种了。结论：这些棉花要遭受虫害。
加强：杀虫剂不会改良得更有效。
一种开发的棉花能产生杀虫剂来抵御虫害。今天庄稼受害严重。而B虫并没有产生抗体。去年还有更多的棉花种了。结论：棉花变得更容易受虫害了。
Answer: Whether plantings of cotton that does not produce the insecticide are suffering unusually extensive damage from bollworms this year
转基因的棉花产生insecticide对付boolworms，直到今年为止都没有受到B的damage。今年这些植物受到B的严重damage。B不太可能对棉花的insecticide产生resistance。B是breed on玉米的。去年在棉花种植区中了比平时多的玉米。所以可能是corn-bred B太多了导致棉花受到影响。问评价
B说看看没有转基因的棉花有没有suffer unusually extensive damage（和往常相比）
如果没有受到damage，说明B有针对转基因棉花的resistance，不是文中所说的原因
如果受到了damage，说明B对两种棉花都一样，是文中的原因

5. 55s
Which of the following most logically completes thepassage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) ispotentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newlydeveloped internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since .
盲肠炎并不致命，有可能致命。但很多病人想把它取出来。而以前有20%不必要的取出。现在又一种新的扫描器，能很准确地扫描盲肠。每98个人中只有2个错误了。所以医生能够利用这个仪器来避免不必要的取出，因为————
这个仪器能够精确扫描出炎症。
Answer: the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it 排除他因，其实是解释那2个人怎么来的。

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-22 10:46
补作业啊。补作业。。。我直接跑回gwd做的。。选项太恶心。。
1. 45s
Conclusion: The decision was not partisan.
Premise: Those wasteful projects are not all belong to the opposite party, the assessment was done by the respectful third party.

Assumption: The third party is really fair. 答案那个太绕...一时想不到T T

2. 直接做题了- - 1min20s
Premise: Write "Thank you" on the rip would lead a 3% increase in tips
Conclusion: If they always write on it, servers will regularly receive a higher tip

Assumption: Nothing would harmper the effect. ==> Customers will not return to normal levels.

3. 52s
Main conclusion: No more new jobs will be created.
The base of the Premises: New jobs can only be created by new companies or current companies
Premises: 1. Current companies will not create more jobs.
2. No more new companies will be established, the jobs per company would not be higher.

4. 45s
Conclusion: THe high level of infection is caused by too many worms
Premise: THe insects are not resisitent to the engineered corn, and there are more insects.

Evaluation:这题是OG上的= = 吼吼

5. 50s
Conclusion: THe new tech can help prevent unnecessary surgon, but without doing less necessary srugon
Premise: 答案能想通= =，但是自己肯定写不成这样的。。

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2012-3-2 10:13
1.bach ground: 市长撤销了许多项目

REMISE：百分之90是敌对党派区域的项目 SUBCONCLUSION 敌对党认为是报复
premise：这些项目都是被一个无党派的杂志索刊发的无用项目
conclusion：市长并非公报私仇
assumption：杂志刊发的项目里关于市长党派的项目也都撤销了

2.看过了。。。。

3.first is bachground second is evidence

4.cotton 用了转基因自己生产抗虫剂，效果很好第二年却被虫子侵袭，这种虫子并非产生了抗抗虫剂，他们是在corn身上长出来的，所以cotton是被corn虫给侵袭了。。

评估：想不到看过都想不起来了

5.看过。。。

作者: CC5 时间: 2012-10-15 12:48
1. Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?
有党派的人士的计划总统不能看见(46s)

2. GWD-17-Q30

In a study conducted in Pennsylvania
, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers. Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
所有顾客都会看见27s

3. GWD-17-Q41

Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year’s record pace. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up this year will be no higher than it was last year and there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups. So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year’s record.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
1:之前的结论 2:反驳之前结论的结论 50s

4. GWD-23-Q14

Plantings of cotton bioengineered to produce its own insecticide against bollworms, a major cause of crop failure, sustained little bollworm damage until this year. This year the plantings are being seriously damaged by bollworms. Bollworms, however, are not necessarily developing resistance to the cotton’s insecticide. Bollworms breed on corn, and last year more corn than usual was planted throughout cotton-growing regions. So it is likely that the cotton is simply being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms.

In evaluating the argument, which of the following would be most useful to establish?
是否corn和cotton是挨在一块长的?38s

5. GWD-21-Q4

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) Is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery Is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since 它能够确切的对症下药..2min….没怎么读懂…

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-12 14:09
1.31s
P: cancellation about some projects is audited by non-partisan auditors
C:the cancellation is fair
Assumption: the auditor does not oppose the opposition parties
2.30s
P: servants wrote TY on bill board and as a result the customers paid more tips
C

条件性)If all servants wrote TY on board they would increase their average tip income
Assumption: customers will not get used to the TY and change their tip behaviour back to their previous level
3.42s
BF1: evaluation direction
BF2: Premise of one side, support the conclusion
4.42s
P: Cotton bioengineered species are threatened by B, B cannot resist the bioengineered cotton and more corn, on which B fed, are planted widely last year
C: cotton is threatened by the corn B
Evaluate: whether the corn has been planted widely before?
5.44s
P: one scan produced 2 misdiagnoses every 98 correct diagnoses.
C:doctors using this scan can reduce the unnecessary operation while performing fewer necessary ones.
Since: the 2 misdiagnoses are those that diagnose people who have A as patients who have not A

作者: Cybill 时间: 2013-6-22 23:52
1. 1‘13 难
2. 39'6
Premise: a study
C: more Thank you More Tips
3. 58'5
4.
P: last year corn usual was planted throughout bottom-frowing regions.
C: cotton is simply being overwhelmed by 虫
5. 1'2
P: more accurate
C: use the doctor scan can reduce necessary performance than before

作者: xiqiong 时间: 2013-8-7 16:23
1.P:说president最近取消一系列highway工程在反对党控制的地区。但是，这些取消的
地区都是木有用的（由一个无党派人士说的），所以，president并非受党派motivated而是预算

问assumption:president不可能由两个一起motivate.
答案有点**啊。。。orz。。。明显就是文章的改写。。。不应该是Infer么。。。

2.skip

3.premise, premise.

4.抗虫的玉米，去年受到了摧残，不是因为虫子有了抗性，而是虫子实在太多。
evaluating：它因导致咯？
木有抗虫的玉米是不是也遭受了很大的摧残~

5.有病的不会减少

作者: m1nt 时间: 2013-8-20 10:07
1. 40’
Premise: Canceled projects are wasteful, report by nonpartisan auditors.
Conclusion: President’s choice was motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.
Assumption:

2. 20’
Premise: Write "Thank you" on bills—more tips
Conclusion: regularly write, servers tips will be more
Assumption: regularly seeing thank you won’t change customers tip habit

3. 25’
Main conclusion: No more new jobs will be created.
The base of the Premises: New jobs can only be created by new companies or current companies
Premises: 1. Current companies will not create more jobs.
            2. No more new companies will be established, the jobs per company would not be higher.

4. 35’
Premise:  cotton has insecticide against B, B breed on corns, last year more corns
Conclusion: cotton is being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms.
Evaluation: cotton has enough insecticide to against B last year

5. 33’
Premise:  old test low risk but a lot unnecessary
      New test high accurate
Conclusion: new test will avoid unnecessary but have fewer necessary ones
Explanation: new test thinks someone who doesn’t have actually has

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-23 16:34
1. 严重超时看了好几遍==+
BG:有评论称，总统取消一些区的高速路项目，这里暗含了他对这些区反对党派的一种立法惩罚，具有政治针对性。
Premise: 但是那些无党派的审计员也认为这些区域的高速路项目是无用的，是应该废止的、
Conclusion: 因此，总统的举措是纯粹出于财政预算考虑，而非具有党派冲突的政治意义。

Assumption: 看答案了：这些Auditor报道出来无用的的高速路，并不是全部都在总统党派的控制范围内的。

2.32s
BG：调查表明，宾州的许多餐厅，侍者在随意抽取的账单上写下Thank you，账单客人给的小费平均比不写的要高出3%。
Conclusion: 因此如果宾州侍者有规律的在账单上写Thankyou的话，那么他们的消费收入一定会比不写要高出很多。

Premise: 老顾客不会因为写不写Thankyou而改变小费习惯。

3.
BG：去年制造业的新职位数量创了历史新高。
Premise: 制造业新职位数量增加取决于两点：1）老公司增加新职位；2）新公司增加。
Situation this year：1）今年的老公司并未增加比去年更多的新职位。2）足够证据说明今年的新公司也不会比去年多-》所以也就没有理由说今年的新公司会创造比去年更多的职位了。
Conclusion: 今天制造业的新职位不可能打破去年的记录。

1. Premise
2. Subconclusion

4. 45s
BG：直到今年为止，生态棉花种植使用了自己的杀虫剂，并且取得了良好的效果，杀死了虫虫。而虫害是庄稼收成不好的最大诱因之一。
BG2: 今年棉花却惨遭虫蛀！
Premise1：虫虫并没有对杀虫剂产生抗药性。
Premise2：大部分虫虫都是以吃玉米为生的。
Premise3：去年棉花地旁边又种了好多玉米。。。
Conclusion：所以推测今年的虫害仅仅是由于玉米地导致的。

Evaluate: 今年那些没有用杀虫剂的棉花有没有同样严重受到虫害影响。

5.
BG: 阑尾炎潜在是致命的。因此有阑尾炎症状的患者基本上都摘除了阑尾。尽管正经的手术风险很低，但是其实有20%的病例都是不需摘除的。
BG2: 最新的一个检查准确率很高，基本可以达到98%的准确率
Conclusion：因此这项检查是很有必要的并且避免了那些本不需摘除阑尾的患者进行手术、同时也不会耽误那些确实需要手术的患者。

Assumption: 因为误诊的例子都是不该手术结果手术了，而没有该手术结果称不用手术的。好绕==+

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2013-8-29 11:51

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-23 16:34
1. 严重超时看了好几遍==+
BG:有评论称，总统取消一些区的高速路项目，这里暗含了他对这些区反对党派的一种 ...

顶一个！~

作者: jenniferlyy125 时间: 2014-3-7 17:15
1. P：critics think that the cancellation is to punish opposite parties, because 90% cancelled were in opposite districts
P: but a nonpartisan auditor said that all cancellation was indentified wasteful
C: the cancellation is not for political reasons but because of budgetary

2。 P：the randomly written “thank you” bill an average 3% higher tips given
C: if every bill was written thank you, the average income from tips will be higher
【归纳】随意抽取达到的结论应用到regularly一般总体上，前提就是抽取的样本具有代表性。
Assume: the randomly selected phenomenon of higher tips can represent the general behavior of customers

3. principle: new job is created by existing or by start-up.
there is no reason to think 前提1…so C1

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