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标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-14】 [打印本页]

作者: 抓抓sandra 时间: 2011-8-19 23:36
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-14】
逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

#1 FEIFEI69

History textbooks frequently need to be revised. The reasons for this are clear: new discoveries of documents and remains, the discovery of mistaken inferences in prior histories, the discovery of previously unnoticed relationships among data, and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts. Any of these considerations may require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating.

Which one of the following can be inferred from the argument in the passage?

OA:A.   The interpretation of historical events is affected by natural science.

#2 FEIFEI71
71. More than a year ago, the city announced that police would crack down on illegally parked cars and that resources would be diverted from writing speeding tickets to ticketing illegally parked cars. But no crackdown has taken place. The police chief claims that resources have had to be diverted from writing speeding tickets to combating the city’s staggering drug problem. Yet the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever. Therefore, the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.

The conclusion in the passage depends on the assumption that
OA:E.   the police cannot continue writing as many speeding tickets as ever while diverting resources to combating drug-related crime

#3 FEIFEI72
72. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our county from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.

Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning?
OA:C.   The author makes incompatible assumptions.

#4 FEIFEI73
73. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific findings, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientists, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.

Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
A.   Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
OA:

#5 AA66（黄金80之一，这个数字好，嘿嘿）
66. The following appeared in an article in a travel magazine.
“After the airline industry began requiring airlines to report their on-time rates, Speedee Airlines achieved the number one on-time rate, with over 89 percent of its flights arriving on time each month. And now Speedee is offering more flights to more destinations than ever before. Clearly, Speedee is the best choice for today’s business traveler.”

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-20 11:20
1. 40s
Info1: Historical books need frequently be revised
Info2: Reason: We can almost find new things that cast doubt on previous findings
Info3: These new revision can me more illuminating

Inference: Past histocial info always can be updated? (看到答案....Orz)

2. 45s
Conclusion: THe police's assertion is not true
Premise: The police still fine as much speeding cars as usual

Assumption: The police cannot reaalocate its recources without ticket less speeding cars

3. 40s 题我读懂了....答案太凌乱了......

4. 45s
Conclusion: No need to confirm the validity of scientific research
Premise: Those unvalid research results will be revised by later valid reasearch results

Weaken: The subsequent results are also invalid.

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-20 11:24
1. No reason to support that it is a good choice for business people ==> The on-time rate is only one aspect, they may concern about the effiency to get to some certain places.
2. Even though they care much about the on-time rates, the expected measure may actually lower the rate, since it may bring congestion to airports.
3. The data itself is suspecious ==> Since the survey asks the airplane company to report the data itself, it may be true that S company made some deliberate revisions of its data to attrack publication.

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-8-20 17:15
先顶下，我这几天都在练这个帖子，觉得很有效啊~~我马上就会赶上大家的进度咯，谢谢各位啊~~~

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-8-20 19:46
32
C:History textbooks frequently need to be revised.
P:dicovery of X Y Z and application of ..

63

P1:More than a year ago, the city announced that police would crack down on illegally parked cars and that resources would be diverted from writing speeding tickets to ticketing illegally parked cars.

P2:But no crackdown has taken place.

P3: The police chief claims that resources have had to be diverted from writing speeding tickets to combating the city’s staggering drug problem.

P4 :Yet the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever.

C: Therefore, the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.

assumption: resources 没有增加？

3.45s

error: demand 减少，tax 不会增加?

4.45s

重复做实验是harmful的。

AA 不会。。

做过，答案有点小印象。

作者: monalisa0421 时间: 2011-11-6 09:10
第三题不太明白。。。

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-11-6 20:56

第三题不太明白。。。

-- by 会员 monalisa0421 (2011/11/6 9:10:43)

蒙娜丽莎我发现你太狠了~~原来阅读，逻辑一起补啊~~~~有毅力的说。。。。不过我建议你直接跟着我们新的做，因为最近准备改版，期待你的建议·~~

作者: ugly5552000 时间: 2011-11-6 22:41
1.background: the history textbooks always change
reason: as research goes on, new historical dicoveries are found,which recdify and illustrate the perspectives in current textbooks
conclusion: the discoveries of natural science have influences on history textbooks

2.background: the police chief made claims to crack down illegal parked cars and divert the police resource, but nothing changes, which the chief impute to the combatting with drug crimes divert the police resource.
conclusion: the police did nothing

3.background:there is a propositon that the federal deficit can be dealed with rising the gasoline tax, which also give the subsidiary advantages.
premise: the tax ries will result in drop of the demand, then the production is inadequate, the economy is worsen.
conclusion:to deal with deficite by rising tax will only make situation worse.

4.background:scientists'works need to be checked before publishing.
premise: for poor scientists, their discoveies might be made on the base of the conclusions of other scientists, if the previous conclusions are wrong, there must be problems in their findings.
conclusion: if the outcome of research does not fit with the theorical prediction, the quoted part of other scientists will be tested

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2012-2-29 20:05
1.历史书需要被不断地修改，因为会与不断的新的发现，新的数据修复等等。。。。所以需要改正一些书里的观点
infer: 想不到

2.警察局出台了要严整违法停车现象，将重点从给超速车记录转移到记录违法停车现象，但是警局长官认为这是从记录超速到解决药物问题的转移，警察们依然记录大量超速汽车，所以药物问题并不是借口

假设看不懂啊。。。。

3.一分税就一百亿收入所以五十分就五千亿。。。这解决了各种问题
错误翻了五十倍的税不会收入也翻50倍

4.为什么要在科技论文发表前进行严谨的评估呢，有一个专门的组织来评估未发表的文章，其实即使是错误的文章发表了也会有科学家们来证实他们的错误性，这并不会有害的

削弱：误导人们话费大量的时间。。。

作者: CC5 时间: 2012-10-14 14:30
1.55S
Con: history book need to be revised
Pre: some data or info are old and not accuracy
MBT: pre

2.1min4s
很久一前非法停车的罚单将会从”超速”变成”非法停车”
警长说过会把”超速”变成”贩毒(我擦这什么逻辑)”
但是现在仍然还是开的超速的单子,所以毒品相关的命案也不会落实

Ass:警察仍然会拖延这个的处理

3.pre:一单位的天然气体会增加xx的税收,所以xx单位就会成倍的增加xxx的税收
Con:税收高了,我们就用天然气少了,还可一少依赖外国进口

Weaken:是否会成倍增加

4.info1:需要官方认定检查研究结果
Info2:免得和以前的科学家的研究成果有重复

Con:当其他的科学家要是发现了缺陷就对自己不利

Weaken:其他法现了缺陷可能会帮你更正

作者: CC5 时间: 2012-10-14 14:34
看完答案想撞墙

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-12 13:43
1.36s
P: 新的发现，新的数据，新的应用。。。
C: history book needs to be revised
MBT: the revised history book should include the new things mentioned above
2.43s
BG: the city announced that the police would divert the cost from ticketing to drug problem
P: the police are still ticketing cars
C: the drug excuse is not true
Assumption: the speeding problem has not increased
3.37s
P: tax on gas
C: decrease the deficit of gevernment and decrease the dependence on foreign gas import
MR: cite one plan to deduce the result without any consideration about other negative effect
4.55s
P: any poor works can be harmless because scientists can prove the disconfirmation
C: no reason to evaluate the works before they are published
Weaken: although scientists can prove disconfirmation, they will spend a lot of effort and money

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-12 13:48
答案好混乱。。。

作者: Cybill 时间: 2013-6-16 07:16
1. 36.5'
C: history textbook need to be revised.
P: the content has mistake and inadequacy.
2. 没看懂啊，说啥呢。。
3. 33‘
C: tax of fifty cents will decrease oil demand from other country.
P: one cent per gallon == fifty cents per gallon
这答案真奇葩
4. 不懂
C: there is no reason why work should be confirmed before published
P: careless report is not harmful.

1没说以前的on time 率
2. 就算提升了也不一定是 Speedee 的功劳
3. 飞行员根本不会用

作者: Cybill 时间: 2013-6-18 21:23
1. 2'
C: History textbook need be revised.
P: data is maybe mistake and inadequacy.
2. 我去~终于明白了，我绝对是傻
C: the claim that the 警力去fight drug related is not true.
P: the police are writing the speeding
policy是管超速的警察去管违法停车了，但是并没有crackdown，so政府声明因为管超速的警察去管drug问题了。但是管超速的警察【罚单】没有减少，所以说他们去管drug问题的借口是不成立的。

作者: flonacui 时间: 2013-8-1 16:59
1
P New things would be found, and new relationship should be revised.
C The history textbooks should be frequently revised in order to be more updated.
2 44s
P The police diverted their power from writing speeding tickets to combating the drug problem.
P The tickets being wrote are the same as before.
C The police did not really solve the drug problem.
assumption: The police's time and speed in writing one ticket is the same as before.
3 60s
P raise the tax to fifty cents one gallon.
C this would deal with the government deficit, and people would be aware of using less gasoline to protect the environment.
error: People will agree with the fifty cents one gallon and pay them.
4 不太懂==
P
C There is no need to confirm scientists' work before publication
AA
>the on time and the repoert has not direct relationship, may be there are other reasons.
>more flights do not mean the better choice for busness travelers. Maybe the flights always delay, this is not a good thing for business travalers.
>89 percent from what kind of source? wrong number.

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-19 04:07
1. 45s
Argument：历史教科书应该经常修订。
Premise: 好多因素比如有新的发现啦，有新的出土啦，或者利用新方法发现原来的东西其实这样的啦，或者经过长期研究发现原来他俩是这个关系不是那个关系呀~
Argument: 所有这些因素都能成为历史研究不断更新的原因哟~

Inference：所以十年前的历史教科书和今天的历史教科书有出入是很正常的事。
啊好吧~我忽略了natural science!

2. BG：一年前，警察说要取缔违章停车，惩罚力度加大，重心由贴超速罚单转变成贴违章停车罚单。
结果其实这个取缔也只是说说而已。
警察为自己辩解说我们原本用于贴超速罚单的财力用于惩治严重的毒品问题去了。因为没法再集中取缔违法停车。
Premise：但是，他们其实还是贴了很多超速罚单的。
Conclusion：所以他们只是找借口。

Assumption：他们的total resources是limited，顾及一边就顾及不到另一方面了。

3. 又超时了。。
Premise：如果油税每加仑征一美分，那么照目前的消费量来看的话，能有1 billion的收入，那么收50美分就是，50billion的收入了！
Conclusion：这是一个解决国家财政赤字的好方法。而且征油税能抑制油的消费，是有利生态健康的；还能让我们国家不过度依赖国外的油商。

Error：如果本国油的消费税太高，那么自然消费者就会实用进口油啦！

4.
Argument：没有理由要求所有的科学研究结果都得先官方证实之后才能发表。
Reason：即使是一个很烂的科研结果，出现的小纰漏或者是试验方法的问题，最终会被其他科学家的科研结果证实替代的。

Weaken：发表出来的科研成果是被大众普遍相信的。如果不严谨就会mislead大家。

5. 45s
自从航空业要求航空公司报道准点率以来，Speedee航空公司（好SB的名字>.<）一直排在准点率的第一位。而且它们现在又在增加航线和目的地。所以Speedee是商务人士出差的首选。

Flaw: 增加航线是否会导致准点率下降这个很难说。
还有，难道坐飞机的只有出差的人需要准点？
还有一个好的航空公司，准点率是一个方面，还有service啊硬件啊等等都应该在考虑范围之内。
它是不是始终No.1还值得商榷，这个文章搞不好就是Speedee飞机座椅背后给乘客的广告杂志呢~

作者: m1nt 时间: 2013-8-19 11:04
1.30’
Premise: new things that cast doubt on previous findings
Conclusion: Historical books need frequently be revised
Inference:

2. 36’
Premise: The police still fine as much speeding cars as usual
Conclusion: Tied up in fighting drug-related crime is not true
Assumption: The police can not ticket as much as usual if they combine drug prob
3. 32’
Premise: Gas tax gather income
Conclusion: gas tax is a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. Also drop demand gasoline and keep from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.
Weaken:

4. 50’ 超时
Premise: Fraud research results will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
Conclusion: No reason to confirm the work of scientific research
Weaken: maybe there will be no experiment to conduct and obtain disconfirmatory results

5.18’
Premise: SA number one on-time rate, will offer more destinations
Conclusion: SA is the best choice for business traveler.”
Weaken: 1 Business traveler care more than on time, if SA offers many destinations they often fly, if the airport is convenient to get, if service is good
2 on time doesn’t mean save time, maybe SA fly slower than other airline
3 didn’t tell which destinations SA will offer

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2013-8-20 11:39

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-19 04:07
1. 45s
Argument：历史教科书应该经常修订。
Premise: 好多因素比如有新的发现啦，有新的出土啦，或者利用 ...

真棒写了这么多！！！！

作者: jenniferlyy125 时间: 2014-3-7 16:22
1 39’
P: because new discoveries, mistaken inferences previously, discover of unnoticed, …may all indicate inadequacies in current history texts
C: history books need to frequently be revised. Reinterpretation in a manner is new and more illuminating.
Inference: the revised history books can inspire people to reinterpret in new and illuminating manner

2. 47’
P：announce that police can divert from writing ticket to crack down the illegal cars
P: however, no crack down has performed. The police claimed that efforts are diverted from writing tickets to combating the drug problem.
P: however, the tickets written are as many as before.
C: therefore no efforts were diverted to combat drugs.
【因果】桥梁。If as many as tickets were written, it is an indication of no resources were put in drug crime. If efforts were diverted to drug, the tickets written must be less.

3. P：tax of one cent can raise one billion
C: tax of fifty cent can raise fifty billion
C: deal with budget deficit
C: drop in gasoline will be good to nature, and dependence on foreign oil will reduce
therefore得出结论，两个不可比的例子。Tax of one percent gallon ---raise one billion dollars per year, 得不出tax of fifty cents per gallon---raise fifty billion dollars。因为其他因素不可知，不能推测连个可比。

4. Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
P: a system in place of confirmation of scientific findings/replication of results by other are needed before publication
P: poor scientific work on part of anyone is not harmful
C: others conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results are harmless
需要确认没有replicate才可以publish，但是careless frauds, experiments and discomfort results are harmless，所以没事，不算replication, so no harm.
削弱。直接削弱结论，careless frauds and discomfort results are essentially harmful---replicated

作者: Monica2020 时间: 2019-7-30 14:40
1. 0:25
information 1:History textbooks frequently need to be revised.
information 2:new discoveries ... and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts.
information 3:... require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating.
infer: i think the answer may be about the necessity? but it cannot have something to rufute the history book

2.0:42
premise:the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever.
conclusion: the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.
assumption: there is no other resources being added into the police or other aspects have not changed

3.0:44
premise:.... a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year
conclusion:the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our county from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.
flaw: i can't figure this out ( 太难想了，哭.....

4.0:45
premise:poor scientific work... will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
conclusion:There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published.
weaken: some scientists who correct the work may copy some text or change some context....( whatever, i think it is about other reasons

看完答案发现第2题答案很不错：the police cannot continue writing as many speeding tickets as ever while diverting resources to combating drug-related crime

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