ChaseDream

标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-13】 [打印本页]

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-18 22:20
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-13】
每日阅读汇总贴http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html
逻辑姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html

NO.1 大全TEST10-2
A manufacturer of men’s dress socks sought to increase profits by increasing sales. The size of its customer pool was remaining steady, with the average customer buying twelve pairs of dress socks per year. The company’s plan was to increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods to one every six months.
Which of the following, if it is a realistic possibility, casts the most serious doubt on the viability of the company’s plan?
A: The manufacturer’s competitors would match its discounts during sale periods, and its customers would learn to wait for those times to make their purchases.
NO.2 大全TEST10-3
Previous studies have indicated that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. However, a new, more reliable study has indicated that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease. When the results of the new study become known, consumption of chocolate will undoubtedly increase.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the conclusion above is based?
A: There are people who currently limit their consumption of chocolate only because they believe that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease.
NO.3 大全TEST10-4
The fossil record shows that the climate of North America warmed and dried at the end of the Pleistocene period. Most of the species of large mammals then living on the continent became extinct, but the smaller mammalian species survived.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for an explanation of the contrast described above between species of large mammals and species of small mammals?
A: Larger mammals have greater food and space requirements than smaller mammals and are thus less able to withstand environmental change.
NO.4 大全TEST10-5
Bonuses at DSR Industries cannot be awarded unless profits exceed a ten percent return on stockholders’ investments in the company. Higher profits mean higher bonuses. Therefore, bonuses in a year of general economic recession will be considerably lower than bonuses in a year of peak profits at DSR.
The conclusion above depends on the assumption that

A: the firm will have relatively low profits in recession years

AA:
(21) The following appeared as part of an editorial in an industry newsletter.
“While trucking companies that deliver goods pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax on the highways they use, railways spend billions per year maintaining and upgrading their facilities. The government should lower the railroad companies’ property taxes, since sending goods by rail is clearly a more appropriate mode of ground transportation than highway shipping. For one thing, trains consume only a third of the fuel a truck would use to carry the same load, making them a more cost-effective and environmentally sound mode of transport. Furthermore, since rail lines already exist, increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines at the expense of taxpaying citizens.”

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-19 11:28
1. 30s
Premise: by increasing sales promotion, the company want to boost profits
Conclusion: The profits will be increased.

Weaken: Sth. that make the conclusion unvalid.

2. 25s
Premise: Study shows that eating chocolate does not increase the risk of heart disease
Conclusion: People will increase their consumption of chocolate

Assumption: People would trust/ not wait for another research. (答案想的比我多~)

3. 33s
INfo1: P Period suffers from a change in climate
Info2: Large mammals extinct, small mammals survive

Resolve: Large mammals cannot withstand the change呗 (相当白痴。。。)

4. 36s
Premise: higher profits ==> higher bonuses
Conclusion: The year of recession will have lower bonuses

Assumption: recession year will have low profits......

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-19 11:36
AA:
1. The train may not be cost-effective ==> Fuel cost is only one aspect, the maintainance cost, the cost spent on loading process all must be considered.
2. It is imprudent to assert that we do not need to build new lines==> Trucks may carry loads to some place that trains cannot carry currently, so we may need to build new lines.
3. We have no reason to lower the property tax==> Since these taxes may be used to substantiate the upgrading of the railroad, lowering the tax may lead companies to pay less attention on the safety of railroads, thus may leading to disasters.

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-8-19 13:40
我回来了～前几天回老家了～好多天都木有学习，这几天公司又好忙，落下好多啊～～我争取再追上哈～～哭～～～大家都这么有毅力的坚持，我老是补作业。。。

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-19 14:56

我回来了～前几天回老家了～好多天都木有学习，这几天公司又好忙，落下好多啊～～我争取再追上哈～～哭～～～大家都这么有毅力的坚持，我老是补作业。。。

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/8/19 13:40:55)

哈~我前两天还在想怎么不见balapupu了呢~吼吼~
这不我们还是学生嘛，都快习惯天天做作业了T T

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-8-19 15:22
1.[40s]一个卖袜子的厂商想增加自己的利润：尽管销售的顾客群没有扩大，还是一个人一年买12双—>商家试图通过每半年打折促销的方式来增加销售。
WEAKEN:顾客的购买行为和时间打折无关。
2.[17s]以前的研究证明，吃巧克力会增加得心脏病的可能性，但是最近有更可靠的研究表明，吃巧克力不会增加得心脏病的可能－－》巧克力的销售会有所增加。
Assumption：曾经很多人因为害怕得心脏病而拒绝吃巧克力。
3。【30s】再研究北美再P时期的气温变的干旱的化石记录时，科学家发现大部分大型的哺乳动物灭绝了，但是小型的存活下来。
explanation ？大型哺乳动物一般不适应干旱的气候，而小型的适应的比较好。
4。D公司只有在业绩增长10％的情况下才会有奖金－－》业绩越好，奖金越多－－》所以D公司在经济衰退时的奖金会比其在其利润最丰厚的时候的时候奖金少。
assumption：公司不会在经济状况不好的时候给员工发奖金来带动其工作积极性。

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-8-19 15:25

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/8/19 13:40:55)

哈~我前两天还在想怎么不见balapupu了呢~吼吼~
这不我们还是学生嘛，都快习惯天天做作业了T T

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/8/19 14:56:19)

我也是呀～～但是我好不容易暑假还要实习。。。搞得我都没时间好好复习。。。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-20 07:12
1. 38s
Premise:
The sales of every size are stable. Customers buy avearage 12 S per year.
Conclusion:
To increase sales, the manufacture plans to increase discount once in a half year.
Weaken: sth makes it impossible to increase sales... 想不到。。

2. 40s
A new study shows that eating chocolate will not increace heart disease.
Conclusion: this result will lead to the increase in the sales of chocolate.
Assumption:those who like to eat chocolate are concerned about the harmfulness of eating chocolate.

3. 40s
A record shows that the weather become warm and dry in P period.
As a result, the species of large mammals extincted. The small mammals survived.
Support: Some characteristics that made small mammals able to withstand the weather. and large mmals did not have such ability.

4. 40s
The industry can only make profits when the profits exceed 10% return to the investment.
Since higher profits lead to higher B, when the economy is depressing, the bonuse will be lower than in the peak of the bonuses.
Assumption: The profits of the industry would be lower in recession.

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-20 07:25
AA：
The propety tex of railways companies should be lowered.
Reasons:
1. Trucking companies pay only a portion of maintenance costs and no property tax on the highway. Railways spend a large number of maintenance costs.
2. Sending goods by rail is more appropriate than highway shipping.

Weaken:
1. false analogy: trucking companies & railway companies
2. oversimplified assumption: more cost-effective
3. gratuitous assumption: increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines
4. one-sideness. has not analysed the disadvantages.

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-8-20 17:08
8-18
1. 30s
A manufacturer of men’s dress socks sought to increase profits by increasing sales. The size of its customer pool was remaining steady, with the average customer buying twelve pairs of dress socks per year. The company’s plan was to increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods to one every six months.
Which of the following, if it is a realistic possibility, casts the most serious doubt on the viability of the company’s plan?
有一个买男生袜子的公司想提高营业额。他们的消费人群稳定，一般是一年买12双。结论：公司要每6个月做一次打折促销。
削弱：男人一般是一次就把一年的袜子买了。
A: The manufacturer’s competitors would match its discounts during sale periods, and its customers would learn to wait for those times to make their purchases. 两方面都削弱，竞争者也这么干，消费者也等着买。销量不会增加。他因涉入

2. 20s
Previous studies have indicated that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. However, a new, more reliable study has indicated that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease. When the results of the new study become known, consumption of chocolate will undoubtedly increase.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the conclusion above is based?
一个报告说，吃巧克力对心脏有害，另一个报告说没有害。结论：第二个报告说了之后，巧克力的销量会上升。
假设：消费者会根据报告来做消费决定。
A: There are people who currently limit their consumption of chocolate only because they believe that eating chocolate increases the likelihood of getting heart disease. 补上gap

3. 20s
The fossil record shows that the climate of North America warmed and dried at the end of the Pleistocene period. Most of the species of large mammals then living on the continent became extinct, but the smaller mammalian species survived.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for an explanation of the contrast described above between species of large mammals and species of small mammals?
化石反映在P时代，气候暖和。很多大动物没绝了，小的动物却存活了。
解释：大动物新陈代谢厉害些，需要吸收更多的热量和水。
: Larger mammals have greater food and space requirements than smaller mammals and are thus less able to withstand environmental change. 补上gap

4. 25s
Bonuses at DSR Industries cannot be awarded unless profits exceed a ten percent return on stockholders’ investments in the company. Higher profits mean higher bonuses. Therefore, bonuses in a year of general economic recession will be considerably lower than bonuses in a year of peak profits at DSR.
The conclusion above depends on the assumption that
按D的标准，利润在10%以上才有奖金。利润越多，奖金越多。结论：按D的标准，利润最高的时候，就是奖金最多的时候。在经济萧条的时候比利润顶峰的奖金要少。
假设：经济萧条的时候不是利润顶峰的时候
A: the firm will have relatively low profits in recession years 排除干扰

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2012-2-28 21:13
1.卖男人裤袜的公司想在客户群不变的情况下通过每六个月一次的周期降价来促进销售量
削弱：每个客户的每年买的裤袜数量不会因为降价而增加

2.原来的调查认为吃巧克力增加患心脏病可能最近调查认为吃巧克力降低患病可能
所以会促使巧克力的消费增加

假设：原先的调查使得巧克力的消费减少

3.某个时期，天气变得干燥且温度上升，大型哺乳动物灭绝但是小的活下来了
为什么？因为小的某个原因比大的更适应。。。

4.奖金不应该只有在增加百分之十的投资恢复时才能被授予，越高的利润越高的奖金，所以在普遍的经济衰退的时期，奖金比这个行业达到顶峰时要低

假设衰退时期达不到百分之十而顶峰达到

作者: CC5 时间: 2012-10-13 11:16
1.36s
Info1: the profit of socks has increased
Info2: company plan to increase the discount-sale period
Doubt: whether client need to buy more socks every year
2.27s
con: the consumption of chocolate will increase

re: the news that chocolate will not increase the heart…
is told to public
ass: 之前那个不好的报道使得巧克力销量下降

3.32s
info1:the climate in xx was very well at the end of .....
Info2:larger mammals became extinct while smaller mammals became survived

Basis:大的哺乳动物更适合在寒冷的条件生存

4.1min10s
Con: the p in this year is lower than in last year
Info1:b cannot be awarded unless exceed last year
Info2:higher b---higher p

Ass: nothing can make p increase

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-10 19:19
1.26s
P=Plan: increase promotional period to one of every 6 months
C=Goal: increase the sales so that the company could increase the profit
Weaken: customers will not buy socks unless they wear out their old ones and the cycle of the socks is more than 6 months/ the promotional period does not coincide with the period when customers will buy socks.
2.16s (this argument is so kind since it is so short! > <)
P: a study shows that chocolate will not increase the risk of heart attack
C: the sale of chocolate will increase after the study is published
Assumption: the customers were affected by the previous study and decrease their buying chocolate behavior since their care about health and want to avoid heart attack.
3.32s
BG: in the end of P period, the climate in NA became warmer and drier.
P1: smaller animals extinct
P2: mammalian survived
Resolve the paradox: because the mammalian can survive the warmer and drier climate trend while the small animals cannot.
4.42s
P: bonuses cannot be awarded unless the profit in DSR exceed 10%, lower profit?lower bonuses
C: bonuses in general recession year is lower than that in peak year
Assumption: peak year means the profit will exceed 10%
5.①A.不能因为铁路每年花钱多，而且更适合trucking，就取消对铁路的property taxes，有可能铁路的运营需要政府付出更多的监管服务，如果是这样的话，这个税就不应该取消
②B.虽然花费上，铁路只是高速公路运输的有钱的1/3，但是铁路有可能需要更多的fuel or coal来运行，会对环境产生更多的压力。
③C.不能因为花费运费少，就说是cost-effective的，可能铁路运输还存在其他费用，比如人工的装卸费，有可能比公路运输花费更多
④D.不能因为铁路已经存在就不再需要建设新的铁路，有可能随着trucking的增多，对线路的要求越来越复杂，需要建设新的railway

快考试了，今天做三个练习吧！加油~

作者: Cybill 时间: 2013-6-11 17:00
1. 28.4' men always bought 12 socks every year, the shop determine to promote their socks in every 6 months.

2. 17.3' Recently, research claims that eat chocolate won't increase likelihood of getting heart decease.

3. 18.4' Climate became warm and dried in xxxx, large mammals became extinct, however small mammals survived.

4. 32' Bonuses cannot be awarded until profits > 10% stockholder's investment. Bonuses in a general economic recession < peak profits.

作者: kid381 时间: 2013-7-1 15:56
1-13
61 39’’
Background info: a men’s sock company plan to increase its market shares.
Fact1: the size of customer pool keeps steady these years.
Fact2: presumably each male customer buys 12 pairs of socks every year.
Weaken: most of male people tend to buy new pairs of socks at the beginning of each year they will wear in the whole year.
62 25’’
Premise: previous studies show eating chocolate is harmful to people’s heart, increasing the probability they will get heart attack.
Evidence: new studies indicate that chocolate will not harm people’s heart.
Conclusion: once the new evidence is known to people, the chocolate industry will embrace an increasing in the consuming of its products.
Assumption: consumers know and really care about the studies.
63 38’’
Evidence: climate become warmer and dryer at the end of Pleistocene period
Conclusion: then Megafauna die out but small mammalian species survive.
Basis: Megafauna, other than small mammalian, prefer cold and wet climate.
64 41’’
Premise1: bonus at DSR industries awarded for profits exceeding 10% return on stockholders’ investment.
Premise2: High profits= High bonus.
Conclusion: bonus is lower in economic recession than in the peak profits at DSR.
Assumption: in the depression times, DSR could seldom sales its products and still cost fixed costs. = (the profit in DSR is so low that staffs receive little bonus)
65 70’’
Evidence: 1. trucking companies pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax. 2. Railways spend billions per year on maintaining and upgrading.
Argument: government should lower the railroad companies’ property taxes.
Points: 1.based on a false analogy. The argument only compares some characteristics of railway transportation to the characteristics of highway transportation. The two industries are not that comparable. Though highway transportation is more expensive than railway transit, highway is more convenient and easier to access to every corner of the country. Railway, on the other hand, …
2. Gratuitous assumption, each trucking company only pay a portion of highway maintenance costs, but the aggregation of all the payments by trucking company may cover the maintenance cost, what is more, highway management agency can charge the transportation fee in a long period, thus it can offset or even surpass its maintaining cost.
3. The proposed measurement on railway might not as successful as the policy maker’s expectation. Increasing in rail traffic would not require building new lines but might increase the burden of existing railway, and excessive transportation might decrease the efficiency and shorten the durable years of railway.

作者: flonacui 时间: 2013-7-31 11:05
1 35s
p:increase the promotion sales period to one in six months
g:to increase sales and then to increase profits
weaken:cost-profit benefit, people do not need more socks even though the promtion will take in effect
2 35s
Info:a previous study suggested that eating chocolate could cause heart disease.
Info:a new, more reliable, study suggests that eating chocolate would not cause heart disease.
C: The concumption of the chocolate will inevidently increase when the new study is knew by people.
aumption: This is the only factor that affect the consumption of chocolate
3 45s
Info: The climate became dried and warmed at the end of the P area.
Info: The large mammal died but the small mammal survived.
explain the discrepancy: The small mammal could be well adapted to the harsh environment
4
P high profits mean high bonus.
C The bonus in the recession is less than the bones in peak profit
assumption: ten percent

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-15 07:26
1. 45s

BG1: 某男袜生产商想要通过增加销售量来增加收益。
BG2：通常平均一位客户每年会买一打袜子。（我漏了半句：客户群的尺码基本维持不变）
Conclusion生产商想借提高打折频率来增加销售量，每半年打个折。

Weaken: 打折起不到促销作用。。

2. 45s
BG:之前的说法是吃巧克力会增加罹患心脏病的几率。最近又有个更可靠的说法是，吃巧克力不增加心脏病几率。
Conclusion：所以巧克力的消费量一定会增加。

Assumption: 人们只会相信新的更可靠的说法。

肿莫办不小心就十二点半了说好的12点半碎觉的呢我要不要关上抽屉先呜呜呜还是一口气写完吧加油然后争取快点睡！

3. 30s
化石记录显示P时期末，北美气候变暖并且变干。
于是很多猛犸象的品种都灭绝了，但是有些体型比较小的猛犸象还活着。

Explanation: 可能小象身体小需要的水较少，所以可以适应干燥环境？

4. 45s
BG:只有当股东的收益超过10%，该公司才会发奖金。也就是说高收益则高奖金。
Conclusion 所以在整体经济衰退的某一年中，奖金一定发的比该公司收益顶峰时要少。

Assumption 该公司受整体经济态势影响大，经济衰退收益少，经济繁荣收益高。

5.

作者: m1nt 时间: 2013-8-18 11:06
1. 20’
Premise: increase profits by increasing sales
Conclusion: customer size no change, increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods， profits increase
Weaken:

2. 18’
Premise: Study shows that eating chocolate does not increase the risk of heart disease
Conclusion: result of the study become well known, consumption will increase
Assumption: People limit consumption of chocolate only reason is fear of heart disease risk

3. 15
INfo1: P Period weather warmed and dried
Info2: Large mammals extinct, small mammals survive
Resolve: Large mammals cannot withstand the change

4. 36s
Premise: higher profits means higher bonuses
Conclusion: bonuses in a year of economic recession will be lower than in a year of peak profits
Assumption: recession year will have low profits

5. 46’ 超时了
Premise: sending goods by rail is better than highway shipping.
Same load trains consume fuel less than truck
Rail lines already exist, increases in rail traffic would not require building new lines at the expense of taxpaying citizens
Conclusion: lower the railroad companies’ property taxes
Weaken: 1. Train costs more time, more resources, labor, not cost effective
2. maintain railway needs more money

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2013-8-20 11:36

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-15 07:26
1. 45s

BG1: 某男袜生产商想要通过增加销售量来增加收益。

.................

作者: jenniferlyy125 时间: 2014-3-6 22:02
1. 31’
P: the company want to increase profits by increase sales
P: the size of customer pool is stead
P: the plan is to increase the discount-sale period to twice a year
【目的方案】目的是增加利润。方案是增加打折销售的次数和时期，想增大销量。
削弱。方案不可行，目的达不到。利润=销量*单价。打折的时候单价减少，销量增加不足就会削弱结论，目的达不到，利润减少。The discount-sale cannot Even the sales increase, the price decreased and cannot overrun previous profits.

2. 28’
P：previous study: consume chocolate will increase the probability of heart disease
P: new study: eat choco will not increase HD.
C: consumption of choco will increase
【二人对话】观点1：吃巧克力会增加心脏病患病。观点2：之巧克力不会增加。所以观点2被知道以后，巧克力消费会增加。（因果：因为吃巧克力不会增加心脏病，所以巧克力消费增加。）
Gap：大家相信新观点。/ 得知巧克力和HD无关，一定会吃巧克力。The new study is convincing. / the new study will be widely accepted by public. / after the prove of the new study, people will definitely go to buy choco.

3. 29’
P：the climate at the end of P is warm and dried.
P: most large mammals extinct, while smaller mammals survived
【差异】P时期气候温暖干燥，大型哺乳动物灭绝，但是小型的活下来了。
解释：一个可以说明大的死了小的没事的原因。比如大的新城代谢快，需要水多，而干燥没那么多水。总之提供一个合理原因。
Some reasons kill the large animals but not affect the small animals,

4. 1’17
P：when profits are more than 10 percent of the return, bonus will be awarded.
P: higher profits----higher bonus.
C: bonus in recession will be lower than the bonus in peak period
【因果】当p>1.1R---bonus, profit越大—bonus越大。所以recession bonus<peak bonus. Gap就是默认recession profits< peak profits

作者: 进击的智人阿飞 时间: 2018-10-17 20:11
1.  31s
premise: 顾客量一定+每个顾客每年买的袜子数一定 conclusion: 为了提高销量，公司准备推广折扣
weaken: 前提不导致结论，some hamper。打折后顾客以为质量不好了，就不买了；袜子很便宜，顾客对价格变动不敏感
2.  24s
premise: 之前的研究表明巧克力对健康有害  + 最新研究，更可靠的研究表明巧克力对健康无害 conclusion: 巧克力销量会上升

assumption: fill the gap。这些报道会被消费者看到并影响他们的行为；前提不导致结果的因素不存在，巧克力的价格没有上升

3. 19 s
premise: 化石表明史前气温的骤升和干旱使很多大型的mammals灭绝 + 小mammals没有灭绝

paradox: 小mammals的特殊技能：躲进洞里

4. 26s
premise：如果利润超过10% ROE 才会有奖金+奖金与利润正相关 conclusion: 大背景的经济衰退时期没有bonus

assumption:公司没有盈利

5. AA
1 Min 20 s
premise: 高速公路的货车只需要付路维修费不需要付tax+火车需要付路维修费和tax+火车花更少油+铁轨不需要再修不回花更多纳税人的钱
conclusion: 火车不应该付tax

1）两者不一样：运货数量。货车运货少，重量小，对路危害小。货火车运货大，对铁轨磨损大；货车是私人的，路维修费是charge的个人，火车路维修费是charge的铁道局，tax是个人交的，这样才公平
2）应不应该收tax不是follow的那一套规则：不是因为cost才收tax，而是因为火车噪声大，对它的限制

作者: Monica2020 时间: 2019-7-30 14:12
1. 0:30
premise:The size of its customer pool was remaining steady, with the average customer buying twelve pairs of dress socks per year.
conclusion/plan: increase the number of promotional discount-sale periods to one every six months
own idea:ppl ussually don't buy socks every six months( ususally longer than that period

2.0:24
premise: a new, more reliable study has indicated that eating chocolate does not increase the likelihood of getting heart disease.
conclsion: the consumption will increase
assumption: ppl always buy the claim of those studies( people will change their shopping habit because of changes in the study

3.0:24
information 1: the climate of North America warmed and dried at the end of the Pleistocene period.
information 2: Most large mammals living on the continent became extinct, but the smaller mammalian species survived.
own idea: maybe big mammals cannot withstand hot climate while small ones can.

4.0:27
premise:Bonuses cannot be awarded unless profits exceed a ten percent return on stockholders’ investments
conclusion: bonuses in a year of general economic recession will be considerably lower than bonuses in a year of peak profits at DSR.
assumption:investment stays steady from the economic recession to the year when the profits were peak( the profits during the recession will not be higher than those in a year of peak profits)

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