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标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-12】 [打印本页]

作者: kidvii 时间: 2011-8-17 19:48
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-12】
逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

NO.1
Physician: In itself, exercise does not cause heart attacks; rather, a sudden increase in an exercise regimen can be a cause. When people of any physical condition suddenly increase their amount of exercise, they also increase their risk of heart attack. As a result, there will be an increased risk of heart attack among employees of this company due to the new health program.
The conclusion drawn by the physician follows logically if which one of the flowing is assumed?
(A) Employees will abruptly increase their amount of exercise as a result of the new health program.
NO.2
Last month OCF, Inc., announced what it described as a unique new product: an adjustable computer workstation. Three days later ErgoTech unveiled an almost identical product. The two companies claim that the similarities are coincidental and occurred because the designers independently reached the same solution to the same problem. The similarities are too fundamental to be mere coincidence, however. The two products not only look alike, but they also work alike. Both are oddly shaped with identically placed control panels with the same types of controls. Both allow the same types of adjustments and the same types of optional enhancements.
The main point of the argument is that
(C) The similarities between the two products are not coincidental.
NO.3
An anthropologist hypothesized that a certain medicinal power contained a significant amount of the deadly toxin T. When the test she performed for the presence of toxin T was negative, the anthropologist did not report the results. A chemist who nevertheless learned about the test results charged the anthropologist with fraud. The anthropologist, however, countered that those results were invalid because the power had inadvertently been test in acidic solution.
In the absence of the anthropologist’s reply, which one of the following principles, if established, would most support the chemist’s charge?
(E) Scientists who neglect to report any experiment that could be interpreted as disconfirming their hypothesis have thereby committed fraud.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the anthropologist’s counterargument?
(C) When it is put into an acidic solution, toxin T becomes undetectable.
NO.4
Every year, new reports appear concerning the health risks posed by certain substances, such as coffee and sugar. One year an article claimed that coffee is dangerous to one’s health. The next year, another article argued that coffee has some benefits for one’s health. From these contradictory opinions, we see that experts are useless for guiding one’s decisions about one’s health.
Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument above?
(E) The argument fails to consider that coffee may be harmful to one’s health in some respects and beneficial in others.

NO.5 AA
The following appeared as part of an article in a trade magazine:
“During a recent trial period in which government inspections at selected meat-processing plants were more frequent,
the amount of bacteria in samples of processed chicken decreased by 50 percent on average from the previous year’s
level. If the government were to institute more frequent inspections, the incidence of stomach and intestinal infections
throughout the country could thus be cut in half. In the meantime, consumers of Excel Meats should be safe from
infection because Excel’s main processing plant has shown more improvement in eliminating bacterial contamination
than any other plant cited in the government report.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-17 21:37
1. 38s
Conclusion: The employees will have a higher risk of heart disease once the new program is effect
Premise: Increased exercise?increased risk of heart attack

Assumption: Employs did not expose to such high level of exercise previously (我想多了0 0)

2. 45s
Conclusion: The similarities cannot be a coincide
Premise: Both have similar unique design, and allow same adjustment
Counter-Conclusion: The similarity is a coincide, just because both companies use the same strategy to get the same result

3. 45s
Conclusion: The result was invalid
Premise: A situation that makes the material lose validity

Principle: If sb. do not report failure, he must have committed to a fraud
Support: No chance would the same situation leads to a valid result (好吧，我又想多了0 0)

4. 35s
Conclusion:砖家都是没用的！！！！
Premise: 砖家自己很纠结。。。一会说coffee好，一会说它坏。

Flaw：没有考虑到，砖家是有苦衷的… 考虑角度不同….

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-17 21:41
AA好多flaw，好多flaw~~~
1. Although it the percentage has significantly decreased, it does not mean it has the potential to continue the decline, we need more analysis
2. 50% decline in the amount of bacteria does not mean that we will have a 50% decline in intestial report, since lots of other factors may conribute to the number of reports: such as people's physical condition....
3. A large improvement does not mean that the company is safe, becasue it may have a status that far below the industrial average~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-18 13:22
32s
P: The sudden increase of exercise will increase heart attack problem.
C: The new health program will bring the heart attack problems for the company employees.
Assumption: The new health program will offer intense exercise schedule for employees.

50s
P: The work stations that these two companies invented are the same because the inventors try to solve the same problem.
P: However, this cannot be coincidence merely, since the work stations not only function similarly, but also design similarly.
Conclusion: The work stations are coincident if based on their own independent designs to reach to the same solution.

45s
P: The chemist criticized that the anthropologist didn't announce her test result.
C: The anthropologist argued that her result is invalid because other factors are also involved.
Strengthen: The factors involved in the test are not stable to test the result.

26s
P: The report shows that coffee is good for human healthy, sometimes it shows the opposite.
C: The report from the expert about coffee effect on human's health is not trust able.
Flaw: The different ingredients of coffee can either benefit human's health or harm their health.

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-19 06:58
1. 45s
BG:
A sudden increase of physical condiction can cause heart attack.
Premise: Sudden increas of exercise will increase the risk of heart attak.
Conclusion:
There will be an increased risk of heart attack if they have new health problem.
Assumption:
Such new health problem will change one's physical condition.

2.60s
Two companies' new products are extremely similar. They claim that it's coincidence. However, too much fundamental similarities...
Main Point: The similarity is not coincidence.

3. 40s
An anthropologist asserts that a medical power can be toxic.
But her test result is not what she assumes.
Her reasoning is that the medical power has inadvertently been test in acidic solution.
Support:
What are toxic can lose effect in acidic solution.

4. 45s
One article claimes that coffee is beneficial to one's health.
Another article claims that coffee is detrimental to one's health.
Conclusion: Both of the articles are useless for people to decide whether to drink coffee.
Flaw:
两个观点contradict了，就不能参考其正确的理由。
人们依然可以根据其好处和坏处来做判断呀~

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-8-20 15:59
8-17
1. 28s
Physician: In itself, exercise does not cause heart attacks; rather, a sudden increase in an exercise regimen can be a cause. When people of any physical condition suddenly increase their amount of exercise, they also increase their risk of heart attack. As a result, there will be an increased risk of heart attack among employees of this company due to the new health program.
The conclusion drawn by the physician follows logically if which one of the flowing is assumed?
Regimen生活规律，政体
医生：并不是一下突然增加运动量就对身体好，这样更容易增加heart attacks。结论：这个公司新的健康计划不好。
假设：新的健康计划不是循序渐进的，会突然增加运动量
(A) Employees will abruptly increase their amount of exercise as a result of the new health program.补上gap

2. 60s
Last month OCF, Inc., announced what it described as a unique new product: an adjustable computer workstation. Three days later ErgoTech unveiled an almost identical product. The two companies claim that the similarities are coincidental and occurred because the designers independently reached the same solution to the same problem. The similarities are too fundamental to be mere coincidence, however. The two products not only look alike, but they also work alike. Both are oddly shaped with identically placed control panels with the same types of controls. Both allow the same types of adjustments and the same types of optional enhancements.
The main point of the argument is that
Adjustable可调节的 optional 可选择的
公司A发明了一个好东西，几天之后，马上公司B推出一个几乎一摸一样的产品。两个公司都说这是巧合，因为这个产品刚好很有用的解决了一个电脑问题。但是，这个巧合其实并不是那么fundamental。这个相似性并不仅仅是巧合。虽然两个产品看起来不一样，它们两个不仅看起来一样。但它们工作的原理，用的零件等等都是一样的。
推论：肯定有除了巧合之外的原理导致了这两个产品如此相像。
(C) The similarities between the two products are not coincidental. 总结上文

3. 60s
An anthropologist hypothesized that a certain medicinal power contained a significant amount of the deadly toxin T. When the test she performed for the presence of toxin T was negative, the anthropologist did not report the results. A chemist who nevertheless learned about the test results charged the anthropologist with fraud. The anthropologist, however, countered that those results were invalid because the power had inadvertently been test in acidic solution.
In the absence of the anthropologist’s reply, which one of the following principles, if established, would most support the chemist’s charge?
In the absence of缺少时 disconfirming证明不成立，驳斥 undetectable.发现不了的
一个人类学家说一个东西有毒素T。但他做实验的，毒素T呈阴性，他就没有报告这个结果。另一个人就说这个人类学家fraud。人类学家就说，呈阴性是因为溶液里加了酸液。
支持化学家：只要呈现阴性，就说明那个粉粉没有T
(E) Scientists who neglect to report any experiment that could be interpreted as disconfirming their hypothesis have thereby committed fraud. 补上gap
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the anthropologist’s counterargument?
支持人类学家：T呈碱性，加了酸会被中和。
C) When it is put into an acidic solution, toxin T becomes undetectable. 补上gap

4. 25s
Every year, new reports appear concerning the health risks posed by certain substances, such as coffee and sugar. One year an article claimed that coffee is dangerous to one’s health. The next year, another article argued that coffee has some benefits for one’s health. From these contradictory opinions, we see that experts are useless for guiding one’s decisions about one’s health.
Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument above?
每一年都很关于一些东西对健康影响的报告，比如糖和咖啡。这一年说咖啡对健康不好，下一年又说咖啡对健康好。结论：这些报告对人们健康的decision没有用。
削弱：忽视了喝咖啡的特殊性。比如报告说早上喝好，晚上喝不好。其实它们不是矛盾的。
(E) The argument fails to consider that coffee may be harmful to one’s health in some respects and beneficial in others. 结论削弱

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2012-2-26 15:41
1.运动不会加大心脏发病率，但是突然的运动会
所以公司的新的健康程序会加大职工的心脏发病率

假设：健康程序会使员工突然运动。。。

2 两个总司几乎在同一时间发布了极为类似的产品，两个公司都申明是巧合，但是这些巧合太过于相似了，连什么什么都一样。。。。

结论：这不是个巧合

3.一个人类学家认为什么有T毒，但是在检测结果中没有发现，他隐瞒了
一个化学家发现后批评人类学家但人类学家认为哪个检测结果是无效的因为是在酸性物质下的检测

加强化学家：在酸性条件下T毒不会分解

4.今年科学家说咖啡对人体有害，明年说有益处，所以科学家都扯淡在指引健康这个问题上很没用处
FLAW：针对不同的人有害有益是不同的

5.50% may no low enough
government report
decrease in becteria. means low incidence of sotmach ....disease?

作者: CC5 时间: 2012-10-12 16:26
1.37s
P:the new health program will cause heart attacks because the sudden increase in an exercise regimen

Ass: the new program need employee do exercise suddenly

2.52s
就是公司侵权了是么?

3.可能那个药的副作用不在于本身,而是和别的要作用后危害更大

很多病人用了那个药之后没有出现不正常的现象

4.28s
Con: experts is useless
Pre: experts support some information are paradox
Flaw: the information are appeal to different people

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-10 11:08
1.26s
P:运动本身不会导致心脏病，但是运动的突然增加会导致心脏病
C:由于公司的exercise program，员工面临心脏病增加的危险
Assumption：在program之前，员工们没有体育锻炼的习惯
2.40s
P:there are so many similarities between two products form two different companies
C:too similar to be said coincidence
Main Point:the two similar products form both companies are not made out of coincedence
3.39s
A assumed that a certain medicinal power contained T but her test resulted the opposite, so she did not report the result and referred the inadvertent result in another experiment as defence.
Support C: any result from any experiment should be reported even though the result is not in accordance with the hypothesis
Strengthen A: the experiment about the medicinal power committed the same mistake as the acidic experiment did
4.24s
P: two articles hold different opinions about coffee
C:experts are useless for guiding people's decision about health
Flaw:cite one example to justify a conclusion about the whole field
5.36s
逻辑错误：
同时发生不等于因果关系：细菌的减少可能不是由于inspection frequency的增加而导致
肉加工过程中的细菌和肠胃病之间有GAP，文章没有提
Improvement不代表process就是规范合格的，有可能原来水平太低，现在提高了不少，但还是不能达到卫生标准

作者: Cybill 时间: 2013-4-23 17:05
1. 45'
BG: Physician: exercise itself cannot cause heart attacks.
Premise: However, a suddenly exercise could increase risk of someone cause heart attacks no matter what health condition he was.
Conclusion: A company healthy progress will increase risk of heart attack.
Logically: healthy progress = suddenly exercise.

2. 52'
BG: new products of two companies are the same. However, two companies claim that the similarity is coincidental.

3. 42'
BG: anthropologist says a certain medicinal power contained a toxin T.
Premise: anthropologist tested it is negative but not reported the result. He explains that the result is tested in acidic solution so it is wrong.
Conclusion:
Support the chemist: toxin T in acidic solution have no reaction.
Support the anthropologist: toxin T in acidic solution have reaction.

4. 23'
BG: some result about coffee is good or bad for health is contradictory.
Premise: because the result change year after year.
Conclusion: expert are useless for guiding one's health.
Flaw: other result of substances is right/ result is more accurate year after year.

AA: 50'
Government inspections is good for decrease incidence of people's stomach and intestinal infections.
So there should be more inspections. Meantime, Meat from Excel company is better than other's because Excel's main processing plant show more improvement.

作者: kid381 时间: 2013-6-30 17:31
1-12
56 48’’
Background info: Exercise does not cause heart attack; the sudden surge in frequency of exercises may higher the possibility of heart attack.
Conclusion: the new health program may induce a surge in heart attack.
Assumption: employees suddenly increase their exercise frequencies in the new program.
57 55’’
Fact1: two companies announced quite similar new goods in almost the same time.
Fact2: the two companies claimed that they developed their own product independently.
Fact3: 1. Too fundamental to be mere coincidence. 2. Not only look alike but also work alike.
Conclusion: at least one company lied.
58 45’’
Fact1: anthropologist one medical power contained toxin T.
Fact2 (anti Fact1): she had a test, but only negating her prior conclusion, then she withhold the results of this test.
Fact3: a chemist charged the anthropologist cheated.
Fact4: anthropologist argued that the test is invalid.
Support chemist: chemist could not reproduce the ideal results while copying all the procedures and steps in anthropologist’s test.
59 20’’
Fact: every year new reports provide seemingly contradicted reports about the effects of some food such as coffee.
Evidence: one year, good; one year, bad.
Conclusion: experts are useless.
Weaken: the seeming ambivalent results allow us to know the effects of coffee more accurately and precisely.
60 75’’
Fact: 最近对肉检查更勤了,检查出chicken包含细菌的数量减少了50%。
Argument1: 检查得越勤，则人们得肠道病的概率越低。
Argument2: 买excel meats的顾客会更安全，因为excel meats的产品在各种检查中一直在进步。
Points:
1.攻击argument1因果关系问题。检查得勤不是人们得病的直接原因。而是卫生情况的改善。
2.攻击argument1, insuffcient sample, chicken中的bacteria减少了不等于其它肉类也会减少。
3.攻击argument2, 进步不等于安全，一直进步可能是因为excel meats原来特别差。

作者: flonacui 时间: 2013-7-30 15:47
1
P sudden increase in excersise is the cause of the heart attack
C there will be an increasing risk among the employees in the company due to the new health program.
assumption: The employees in the company do not like exercise before; The exercises in the health program are fiece enough to cause the heart attack
2
BG 2 companies have released now products that function and shape in the same way. But the 2 companies said that their employees worked independently.
P It is too fundamenta to be the conincident.
C The similarity between the newly released products from the two companies could not be conincidental.
3
4
BG Every year, new reports concerning the health risks posed by certain substances.
P some researchers said that coffee is bad to people's health, in the next year, however, some researchers said that the coffee is good.
C The researchers are useless for guiding one's decision on one's health.
flaw: researchers published controversial report on one substance does not mean that they are useless in guiding people's health.

5 AA
many false cause and effect relationships.

作者: xiqiong 时间: 2013-8-6 15:14

1)↑exercise---->(can）heart attack. ∴ 员工会↑heart attack
assumption:
员工会exercise? bingo！不过最好卡紧： sudden increase

2)..., 两个公司都说各自研发，... HOWEVER.....
——>结论：它们不是各自研发的（有这个点的都OK）

3）A科学家发现了T.但说不代表什么，因为在酸性环境下得出的。
支持反对者：任何发现能有T的都要曝光或者有害什么的。反正就是说一定要曝光，管你有没有什么特殊情况。
支持科学家：实际用药都不在酸性下。反正就是扯到研究≠实际。或者上面的反面。

好吧~题目木有看懂，其实是，科学家假设药粉有T，但检验发现成阴性（没有），但拒绝报道。说实验在酸性条件下做的。
支持科学家：酸性失真。

4）今年说有害，明年说有益处。科学家没用。
FLAW： have some benefits 和 have some risks 不矛盾啊。
就算整体上有害，也可以有有益的一部分吧

5）反驳：
1）stomach and intestinal infections 不全是由meat-processing 掌控的。
2）降得也许够多了，再监管木有用了。
3）Excel Meats不一定最安全，它降得多也许代表它原来的问题大！

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-14 05:45
1. 38s
外科医生说，运动本身并不直接导致心脏病，突然的运动才是心脏病的诱因。
任何身体状况的人，如果突然增加运动强度，都容易导致心脏病。
因此，这家公司给员工提供新的健身项目有可能导致心脏病的发生。（回头再看一眼题目，原来是new health program..不是健身啊晕我总是想太多）

Assumption: 这公司的员工原来都不运动的。（直接想跳了一步。。）

2. 看了两遍原谅我今天极度疲倦的状态。。。脑子不进东西 >.<
两家公司前后生产了惊人相似的产品，尽管他们都称这只是巧合。
但这不应该仅仅是巧合：长得像，功能像，练操作部件都一样。

3.一位人类学家知道某药物含有T毒物，但是她检验出来了T呈阴性但是木有上报。化学家指责她欺诈。但是人类学家说这个实验结果无效因为是在酸性环境下的结果。

weaken, T呈阴性是对人体有极大伤害的。
strengthen, 这种药只在碱性环境下服用？

4. 30s
BG: 每年都会有关于某种物质对健康影响的报告，比如糖啊咖啡啊。今年砖家说咖啡有害健康，明年又扯有啥有益物质。。。
Conclusion: 所以没必要听砖家瞎掰。

flaw: 砖家所谓有利有害并不指示事物本身（如咖啡），而是针对里面的某些成分。就是有些方面有利，有些方面有弊嘛很正常。

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2013-8-14 10:19

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-14 05:45
1. 38s
外科医生说，运动本身并不直接导致心脏病，突然的运动才是心脏病的诱因。
任何身体状况的人，如果突 ...

坚持就是胜利！！加油

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2013-8-14 10:21

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-14 05:45
1. 38s
外科医生说，运动本身并不直接导致心脏病，突然的运动才是心脏病的诱因。
任何身体状况的人，如果突 ...

And I really miss you darling~

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-15 05:52

大三准备留学发表于 2013-8-14 10:21
And I really miss you darling~

单看头像人家会以为我精神分裂的==+

miss u too anyway

作者: m1nt 时间: 2013-8-17 10:59
1. 35’
Premise: sudden increase in exercise regimen=increased risk of heart attack
Conclusion: new health program – increase risk of heart attack
Assumption: 填gap: new health program – increase in exercise regimen

2. 35’
Premise: Both have similar unique design, and allow same adjustment
Counter-Conclusion: Similarities are coincidental, designers independently reached the same solution
Conclusion: The similarities cannot be a coincide

3. 45’
Premise: A’s test presence of toxin T was negative, A didn’t report it
A argued results were invalid because the power had inadvertently been test in acidic solution
Conclusion: the anthropologist with fraud
Support: Acidic solution doesn’t change T

4. 19’
Premise: one year coffee is dangerous the next year coffee has benefit
Conclusion: experts are useless for guiding one’s decisions about one’s health
Flaw：有些方面有好处有些方面不好？

5. 30‘
Premise: more inspections- less bacterias
Conclusion: should have more inspections- will have only half incidence
E meats safe cuz E has more improvement in report
Weaken: 1 now more inspections doesn’t mean the same in the future
2 less bacterias doesn’t mean only have incidence
3 E is the worst so more improvement

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2013-8-20 11:37

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-15 05:52
单看头像人家会以为我精神分裂的==+

miss u too anyway

haha whatever....Im here waiting you at boston

作者: jenniferlyy125 时间: 2014-3-6 21:18
1. 32’
P: if the exercises are suddenly increased, the probability of heart attack will increase
C: the new health program will increase the heart attack probability
Assume: the new health program will suddenly increase exercises
【因果】突然增加运动量会增加心脏病可能。所以新的健康项目会增加心脏病可能。填补gap。

2. P: O released a new product, three days later E released a similar product
P: the occurrence is coincidental, however, there are too fundamental to be mere coincidence
问main point, 就是conclusion of the argument, 就是however后面那一句。However the two products are too fundamental to be coincidence.

3. 59’
P：a medicine contains T, test result is negative
C1: anthropologist is incorrect
C2: anthropologist: since the test is in acidic solution, the results is invalid
【二人对话】人类学家认为药物里面有T，因为实验结果是负性。但是实验的溶液是酸性的，所以结果不可行。化学家认为：人类学家的说法关于负性得出药物有T的说法错误。
1. 加强化学家。就是药物有T 因为负性是错误的。直接加强。The test result of negative might be interfere with other reasons, which cannot guarantee the presence of T.
2. 加强人类学家。就是有T的说法是错误的。直接加强。Acidic solution will make the results unbelievable. The acidic solution cannot guarantee the negative means presence of T.

4. 28’
P: one year an article claimed that coffee is dangerous to health
P: the next year another article says that coffee is beneficial to health
C: the contradictory opinions show that experts are useless for guiding decisions about health
【归纳】一个文章说咖啡不好，另一个文章说咖啡好。所以专家的意见是没有用的。例子到结论不完全归纳的典型。只有两个文章不足以说明专家的意见是没有用的。不知道文章出处，正确性，等因素，无法得出归纳结论。
Only two articles are not representative of the general validity of opinions of experts

作者: liyao604 时间: 2014-4-27 12:34
Day twelve
NO.1
Physician: In itself, exercise does not cause heart attacks; rather, a sudden increase in an exercise regimen can be a cause. When people of any physical condition suddenly increase their amount of exercise, they also increase their risk of heart attack. As a result, there will be an increased risk of heart attack among employees of this company due to the new health program.
The conclusion drawn by the physician follows logically if which one of the flowing is assumed?

23’总觉得读这一段的时候有一些细节程度副词没有注意！！！！
P:忘了第一句是啥了（运动本身不是得心脏病的原因，但是sudden的会增加得病可能性）
P：任何体质的人，suddenly increase运动→可能（增加risk）得心脏病
C：由于新的health project→employees会（增加risk）得heart attack
(A) Employees will abruptly increase their amount of exercise as a result of the new health program.
NO.2
Last month OCF, Inc., announced what it described as a unique new product: an adjustable computer workstation. Three days later ErgoTech unveiled an almost identical product. The two companies claim that the similarities are coincidental and occurred because the designers independently reached the same solution to the same problem. The similarities are too fundamental to be mere coincidence, however. The two products not only look alike, but they also work alike. Both are oddly shaped with identically placed control panels with the same types of controls. Both allow the same types of adjustments and the same types of optional enhancements.
The main point of the argument is that
63’
P：上个月L公司推出了一个新产品——电脑workstation
P：不久后E公司推出了将近一样的产品
P：（两家公司声称是巧合，）这是由于设计师解决问题的想法刚好一样
P：但是他的相似点太fundamental→不仅仅是一个巧合（妈妈咪呀，这么重要的一个premise竟然漏掉了！！还有coincident我一直理解成一致性啊QAQ）
P：有一样的。。。。。

(C) The similarities between the two products are not coincidental.
NO.3
An anthropologist hypothesized that a certain medicinal power contained a significant amount of the deadly toxin T. When the test she performed for the presence of toxin T was negative, the anthropologist did not report the results. A chemist who nevertheless learned about the test results charged the anthropologist with fraud. The anthropologist, however, countered that those results were invalid because the power had inadvertently been test in acidic solution.
In the absence of the anthropologist’s reply, which one of the following principles, if established, would most support the chemist’s charge?
(E) Scientists who neglect to report any experiment that could be interpreted as disconfirming their hypothesis have thereby committed fraud.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the anthropologist’s counterargument?

53’
P：一个人类学家觉得一些药物里面含有有毒物质T。后经过实验发现真的有，并且有毒（根本没有T物质）。但是他没有公布这个信息。
P：化学家因此起诉了人类学家欺骗
P：但是人类学家辩解道，T没有被列在XXX（某书吗？还是文献？）（错误，这个结果invalid，因为在T在酸性溶液中没有不好的作用）（直接去屎好了咩，还是错了！应该是这个结果是invalid，因为被不小心放在了酸性溶液里试验）有毒物质里面
(C) When it is put into an acidic solution, toxin T becomes undetectable.
NO.4
Every year, new reports appear concerning the health risks posed by certain substances, such as coffee and sugar. One year an article claimed that coffee is dangerous to one’s health. The next year, another article argued that coffee has some benefits for one’s health. From these contradictory opinions, we see that experts are useless for guiding one’s decisions about one’s health.
Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument above?
24’
P：每一年，report都会focus某种物质给人们带来的坏处
P：某一年expert说coffee对人不好
P：next year 有expert说coffee也有好处
C：expert在对人的health care方面没有指导作用
Key：(E) The argument fails to consider that coffee may be harmful to one’s health in some respects and beneficial in others.

NO.5 AA
The following appeared as part of an article in a trade magazine:
“During a recent trial period in which government inspections at selected meat-processing plants were more frequent,
the amount of bacteria in samples of processed chicken decreased by 50 percent on average from the previous year’s
level. If the government were to institute more frequent inspections, the incidence of stomach and intestinal infections
throughout the country could thus be cut in half. In the meantime, consumers of Excel Meats should be safe from
infection because Excel’s main processing plant has shown more improvement in eliminating bacterial contamination
than any other plant cited in the government report.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
65’
实验：最近政府对（selected meat加工过程）肉类的检查力度加大→肉类（鸡肉样本）含细菌的量（比平常年）减少了50%
P：如果政府加大检查力度，那么受肠道和胃感染的人会减少一半
P：M会比别的工厂更加的安全，因为（它的过程eliminate bacteria比）政府的report（里面引用的别的plant的要好）说的

作者: kaniris 时间: 2014-9-10 20:22
谢谢，学习了！

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