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标题: GWD21-Q4求解答,没有讨论过的 [打印本页]

作者: wtylys    时间: 2011-8-12 23:54
标题: GWD21-Q4求解答,没有讨论过的
Whichof the following most logically completes the passage?

Appendicitis(inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patientswith symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost always have theirappendix removed.  The appropriatesurgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of allcases.  A newly developed internal scanfor appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removalsof the appendix without,however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since______.

A.    thepatients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitisinvariably have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis
B.     themisdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributingappendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it
C.    allof the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, infact, have appendicitis
D.    everypatient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more thanone of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis
E.     theonly patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one ormore of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis
完全不明白为什么选B,请NN现身解答。。
作者: hanshipeng    时间: 2011-8-13 00:13
我觉得这道题的关键是句子的中心是disgnose而不是patient,所以很容易排除其他的选项。我选的时候也懵,感觉是B。谁知道就对了。
作者: wtylys    时间: 2011-8-13 10:19
厄,我还是不明白,为什么选B,楼上的能分析一下不?
作者: wtylys    时间: 2011-8-13 10:32
我有仔细看了一下,觉得,关键还是在since前面那句话,文章的逻辑应该是说,以前是一有阑尾炎的迹象,不管三七二十一割了再说,后来发现其中20%的人是unnecessarily的,后来有了一个仪器,可以比较精确的判断要不要割,但是仍然有2%的概率会误诊,但是结论说,用这种方法,能避免unnecessary的手术,同时也不会造成遗漏掉需要(necessary)手术的人,
而B说,那些2%被误诊的人,其实就是不需要手术的人,说明没有遗漏需要手术的人。。
说得很罗唆,不知道,对不对,各位路过得大大,都讨论一下撒。。
作者: wtylys    时间: 2011-8-13 13:03
顶一下~~~
作者: wtylys    时间: 2011-8-13 15:54
难道是这道题太easy了?怎么都没人回复一下啊。。。
作者: vivian2011    时间: 2011-8-19 11:58
说得对
作者: 清飞扬    时间: 2011-8-19 14:48
我是这么想的

Appendicitis(inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patientswith symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost always have theirappendix removed.  The appropriatesurgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of allcases.  A newly developed internal scanfor appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removalsof the appendix without,however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since______.

LZ你已经划出了结论,也就是这个stimulus的关键,就是说: 这个new test是个好东西,可以更能避免不必要的误诊

A.    thepatients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitisinvariably have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis==>说的是patient的病体情况和结论关于这个test的没有关系,所以是irrevalent

B.     themisdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributingappendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it==>说这个test的正确性,和结论有关,放着
C.    allof the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, infact, have appendicitis==>说这个test的正确性,和结论有关,放着

D.    everypatient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more thanone of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis==>同A的错误,无关
E.     theonly patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one ormore of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis==>这个选项看似有关其实无关,相当于shell game的选项,因为最后说的是patients who lack one ormore of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis,并没有直接性的涉及关于test的使用正确性,我认为无关,起码要比BC弱

所以比较BC, 记得有人说过,false positive的情况总是要比false negative的情况好,所以选B
作者: grace1210    时间: 2011-8-27 21:23
我有仔细看了一下,觉得,关键还是在since前面那句话,文章的逻辑应该是说,以前是一有阑尾炎的迹象,不管三七二十一割了再说,后来发现其中20%的人是unnecessarily的,后来有了一个仪器,可以比较精确的判断要不要割,但是仍然有2%的概率会误诊,但是结论说,用这种方法,能避免unnecessary的手术,同时也不会造成遗漏掉需要(necessary)手术的人,
而B说,那些2%被误诊的人,其实就是不需要手术的人,说明没有遗漏需要手术的人。。
说得很罗唆,不知道,对不对,各位路过得大大,都讨论一下撒。。
-- by 会员 wtylys (2011/8/13 10:32:05)




ding
作者: 冬日人鱼    时间: 2011-8-30 15:51
把B选项中的in fact去掉,意思就好理解多了the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not have it,这种新测试方法的误诊,就是把那些没有得阑尾炎的人判成阑尾炎。
结合文章的信息,这种无中生有的误诊率在2%一下,大大低于原来的20%,并且绝不会漏掉真正得了阑尾炎的人,因而支持文章的结论:避免了不必要的手术,不影响得了阑尾炎,需要做手术的人。
作者: 暗地忍者    时间: 2011-12-8 19:59
支持lz自己的分析
作者: lpbird    时间: 2011-12-9 16:58
lss是对的,这题比较绕
作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-3-2 11:40
LZ正解啊~感觉这种Fill in the blank的题目一般都是clearly/therefore,然后balabala给一个conclusion,然后since/because balabala选一个选项能够符合conclusion的一个Necessary condition。比如说这题:

conclusion
using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without performing any fewer necessary ones than before

这个test大量减少不必要的手术(20% --> 2%),不减少应该开的手术。


necessary condition
the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not have it

这个test的误诊都是本来不必要的手术。(2% diagnose里面只有不必要开的手术,没有把本来要开的诊断成不开的。)


我有仔细看了一下,觉得,关键还是在since前面那句话,文章的逻辑应该是说,以前是一有阑尾炎的迹象,不管三七二十一割了再说,后来发现其中20%的人是unnecessarily的,后来有了一个仪器,可以比较精确的判断要不要割,但是仍然有2%的概率会误诊,但是结论说,用这种方法,能避免unnecessary的手术,同时也不会造成遗漏掉需要(necessary)手术的人,
而B说,那些2%被误诊的人,其实就是不需要手术的人,说明没有遗漏需要手术的人。。
说得很罗唆,不知道,对不对,各位路过得大大,都讨论一下撒。。
-- by 会员 wtylys (2011/8/13 10:32:05)



作者: Allenisland    时间: 2012-4-28 19:24
我觉得这道题关键是要分清misdiagnose的类别
误诊分为两类:一类是本来没病但诊断为有病,另一类是本来有病但被诊断为没病
那么文章结论要求新方法第一类的误诊要减少(largely avoid),第二类误诊要至少不会增多
其中DE两个选项说到sympton与误诊没有直接联系,A选项说了医疗条件都杀掉,剩下BC两个选项
B选项,误诊的人都是本来没病但被诊断为有病的人,说明第一类错误减少了(20%至2%),而第二类误诊已经变没了
C选项,说了第一类误诊变没了,但是第二类误诊的状况不知道,可能本来有病但是被诊断为没病的增多了(即假设原来第二类错误为0%,现在2%的全是第二类错误),就减少了necessary的手术。
作者: duankou    时间: 2012-8-19 01:20
求NN解答,问题中指的necessary就是指被诊断出来有病但实际可能有病也可能是误诊吗
谢过~~
作者: 能量毛豆儿    时间: 2012-8-22 12:26
回答楼上,necessary ones指的就是那些真有病需要动手术的病例

这道题A,D,E都可以用与结论之一(实际降低了动手术的次数)无关排除。B,C感觉差不多,都对结论之一有加强。但是B却是对结论之二里面without,however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before(同时,又没有错过那些必须动手术的病人)这一句的加强。因为,误诊的病人的确没病当然就不会错过那些必须动手术人了
作者: huazechen    时间: 2013-2-2 10:42
performing any fewer necessary ones than before
请问 这句是什么意思唔~?
作者: yaozaizai    时间: 2013-9-25 15:20
回楼上,without performing any fewer necessary ones than before,意思是用了这种新技术后,不会降低本来需要割,但是由于2%的误诊致使这种案例没割成。因为之前的保守疗法,不管用不用割,全割了。C选项说凡是新test认为确实需要割的那些病例,确实都应该割。问题是还有2%误诊的,如果这里面有该割却未割的,那与结论矛盾了。B说那2%是不需要割的,这就说明那需要割的都在98%里判断出来了,without performing any fewer necessary ones than before。




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