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标题: 对话题解释 [打印本页]
作者: felicia3650    时间: 2011-8-12 12:08
标题: 对话题解释
虽然OG12中只有三道，37/54/71，可是对话题最近考了很多，好像是逻辑出题新趋势，大有取代Bold Face题目的势头。此类题目确实是难题，一方面要理解两个人的两种论证思路，另外一方面还需要体会二者之间的关系。正确的选项要有正确的论证方法和正确的论证的内容，做这种题目实际上等于在同时做阅读和逻辑。

下面举个栗子
Student representative: Our university, in expelling a student who verbally harassed his roommate, has erred by penalizing the student for doing what he surely has a right to do: speak his mind!
Dean of students: but what you' re saying is that our university should endorse verbal harassment. Yet surely if we did that, we would threaten the free flow of ideas that is the essence of university life.

Which one of the following is a questionable technique that the dean of students uses in attempting to refute the student representative?

(A) challenging the student representative knowledge of the process by which the student was expelled
(B) invoking a fallacious distinction between speech and other sorts of behavior
(C) misdescribing the student representative' s position, thereby making it easier to challenge
(D) questioning the motives of the student representative rather than offering reasons for the conclusion defended
(E) relying on a position of power to silence the opposing viewpoint with a threat

分析：student的论证过程：不能惩罚侮辱言论因为限制言论；属于BA套路
         dean的论证过程：你说的是允许侮辱言论，然而我们如果这么做，将损害言论自由；a曲解学生的观点，将减少惩罚等同于允许，b然出此建议可能的后果。正确答案（C）即上述a内容

此类题重要的一个能力就是看出谈话者的implication，就是他们想说但是没有直接说出来的。理由很简单，谈话不能太有攻击性，点到为止，个中滋味就是由做题者自己体会。比如上题中student指出惩罚的危害，implication就是反对惩罚；dean指出鼓励侮辱言论的后果，implication就是反对student的建议。常考的题目都是，双方或一方只说自己的理由表示支持或者反对，反对的内容有点像是weaken题目的选项，即提出他因\产生相反的结果。

举个栗子：OG71题变体
Roland:The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.
Sharon:But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workers unemployed.So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?

(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication that unemployment is abnormally high.
(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.
(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of people cannot be the percentage Roland cites.
(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.
(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs is even higher.

答案（A）你选对了吗？
此类题目最佳的做题方式是排除法，其他选项都有明显的错误，而正确选项特征是最宽泛，让人感觉说了像没说一样。

作者: 翠儿卡    时间: 2012-2-28 20:39
up!!

为什么这样的帖子没有人回复或者参与讨论呢？我也觉得这类题目颇有难度，有时不知如何对待对话之间的逻辑关系，就如OG71题，OG上的原题解释看似其实与R的话无关了，所以只要看S的argument中的逻辑链并由此推断“平均分布”的assumption即可；但变体这题，是显然需要理清二者对话的关系的，并且没有连词、副词表态度的情况下，理解起来还是需要花时间的。
作者: 白冬冬    时间: 2012-4-8 16:42
我也顶一下。楼主的第二题有变体：
Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they know someone who is unemployed.

Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with one out of 20 workers unemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, one or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon’s argument relies on the assumption that
(A) normal levels of unemployment are rarely exceeded （不相关：高失业率频率）
(B) unemployment is not normally concentrated in geographically isolated segments of the population （相关：排除其他因素）
(C) the number of people who each know someone who is unemployed is always higher than 90 percent of the population （不相关：相容，不是假设）
(D) Roland is not consciously distorting the statistics he presents （不相关：假设没有基于对方观点）
(E) knowledge that a personal acquaintance is unemployed generates more fear of losing one’s job than does knowledge of unemployment statistics（不相关：失业恐惧，未提及）

感觉更难了一些。所以希望能有NN来这边指点一下对话题的精髓！



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