ChaseDream

标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-3】 [打印本页]

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-8 23:15
标题: 【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-3】
逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

NO1 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q12
The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

NO2 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q15
Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore, dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?

NO3 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q17
Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?

NO4 CR大全不含OG版 TESTC Q2
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?

NO5 CR大全不含OG版 TESTC Q3
Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward. The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the psychologists’ conclusion?

貌似有点长啊…不要怪我T T
注：我上次实战的时候，碰到了6行的逻辑题，不过是一道main conclusion题。。我连读都没好好读。。勾起我悲惨回忆了。。

作者: 抓抓sandra 时间: 2011-8-9 00:21
同表示对于长stimulus很无奈…今晚什么都看不进去了，提前占座…明天读完可能比较晚才来发，先沙发支持下~

作者: 抓抓sandra 时间: 2011-8-9 07:51
1.30s
premise：Spaceship is too heavy too get on Mars
premise: The spaceship is heavy because it must carry enough fuel to get on Mars.
premise: New device can use the atmosphere of Mars to produce energies.
conclusion: Spaceship with the new devide can get on Mars.
Q: ASSUMPTION,假设是new device本身不重

2.32s
premise：牙洞不会伤害健康
premise：牙洞只有伤到神经才伤害健康
conclusion：除非牙洞伤到神经，否则不应该给牙洞做手术
Q：SUPPORT,可能是：牙洞没有伤到神经但是却做了手术的造成不好的结果（割断因果）；研究数据来证实conclusion（加强因果）

3.45s
premise：占星学家说星座决定性格。
premise：双胞胎同时出生确实性格相似。
counter premise：但是来自T和NYC两个医院的、记载同一个时候出生的一大批人性格并不一样。
conclusion：（想不起来原话了）占星学家的观点是错误的
Q：ASSUMPTION,应该是数据要有代表性。

4.37s
BG：两个政党的重要性都下降，媒体的重要性上升
premise：两个政党耗费在选举上的费用都上升
conclusion：两个政党都很不成熟
Q：SUPPORT，补上GAP：成熟的政党费用节俭；不成熟的政党选举费用高

5.45s
premise：一个实验让男生和女生都去看含有一定暴力动作的电影，随后让他们玩一个游戏
premise：在玩游戏时n%的男生会模仿出一些刚才电影中的动作，只有比较少的女生模仿。
conclusion：男生比女生擅长模仿动作
Q：weaken，女生擅长模仿其他动作；看了其他类型的电影女生就更擅长；可能女生也擅长，但是不会在玩游戏的时候表现出来

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-9 12:48
没时间看了，咋办聂？先把OG上的弄完再回来。。

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-8-9 13:15
1。【39s】因为重力的原因阻止了人们登陆火星的计划：携带足够的燃料帮助人们到达火星并且返回，会使非常沉，难以实现。———》最近一个新的研究设备，它可以让飞船在M大气中补充燃料，然后携带这个设备返回地球-->这以研究有望帮助人们到达火星。
Assumoption:携带这个设备不会引起什么新的问题。
2。【44s】(单词又没背好呀，偷偷查了查什么是cavity，

）
补牙，并不是没有坏处的：他会影响到一些牙齿好的地方，只有当牙洞触及到牙部神经的时候，这个牙洞会有负面影响，然而许多牙洞，如果部管它它也不会触及到神经。所以建议牙医，在牙洞没有触及到神经的时候，不要给患者补牙。
支持：不威胁到神经的牙洞也不会给患者引起其他的困扰。
3。【40s】一些占星学家说，生辰八字会影响一个人的性格。但是这个说法说错的。-->的确，同年同月同日生的双胞胎会有相同的性格，但是另一个试验，在40年前，一个在多伦多，一个在纽约医院生下来的两个孩子，性格是截然不同的。
assumption:占星仅仅和时间有关系。
4。【1'02s】我们最近听说很多关于两大政党地位下降的事情。－－》根据主流媒体的报道。在最近的选举中，独立的第三方政党赢得大选——》在上次的全国大选中，两大政党都投入了大量的资金进行宣传支持它们的候选人－－>显然媒体的报道关于两大政党系统的转变是不准确的。
support:支持两大政党的选民比第三党的多
5。【45s】科学家研究暴力电影对孩子的影响：－－》1）试验一中，电影的主角是男性，看完电影后，有42％的孩子会有暴力的动作倾向。——》2）试验2中，电影的主角的女性，看完电影后，有14％的孩子有暴力倾向——－》所以，暴力电影中的男性角色比女性角色更容易影响孩子。
weaken：电影中男性角色暴力演出比女性角色更容易去模仿。

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-8-9 13:16
一下补了三天的～好爽啊。。。。

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-9 22:11
1. 45s
Con: It is possible for people to go to Mars by using the new spaceship that equipped with the new device
Premise: this device allows the spaceship to fuel in the return trip, and fuel is the only factor that limits people’s ability to go to Mars

Assumptions: The spaceship would have enough fuel to reach the re-fueling point.
Better one: The spaceship would not lose dynamic before reaching the re-fueling point.

2. 38s
Con: Doctors should not fill the cavity unless the cavity hurts the nerve system
Premise: Most cavities does not do extreme harm to the tooth, since it does not attack the nerve system, and fill the cavity may actually hurts other teeth

Strengthen: （英文表达不出来了。。）在直接危害之前，不存在潜在危险会诱发该危害。。

3. 46s 被那个horoscope打败了，不认识这个词啊T T
Con: we cannot say horoscope determines our personalities
Premise: The same time they are born, one in T one in NYC, but they do not have same personalities

Assumption: The other factors are all the same for these two people.

4. 45s
Con: The importance of the parties does not decline
Premise: they have won every election and they spent lots of money in the previous election

Strengthen: The more money is not compensatory for the declining of importance.

5. 55s
Con: children are more likely to mimic male than female
Premise: A research & A comparison

Weaken: The first group is by nature more violent than the second…

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-9 22:12

一下补了三天的～好爽啊。。。。

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/8/9 13:16:26)

一下两天也好爽。。。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-9 23:37
1. 42s
BG: Weight has hindered spacecraft to go to Mars. Even the lightest craft can afford the
weight of fuel for the whole journey.
Premise:
The new equipment can help to produce fuel for the return, so the weight of the fuel carried can decline.
Conclusion:
The spacecraft with new equipment can go to Mars.
Premise:
1. The fuel produced in the Mars's atmosphere is the same as that on Earth.
2. The new equipment doesn't weigh as much as half of the fuel for the whole-round journey.

2. 45s
病人的烂牙一般不会发展到破坏到神经的地步。
所以医生不应该在病人的烂牙还没严重到要破坏神经的时候给病人补牙。

3. 40s
A claim: horoscopes determine people's personalities.
Premise:
Twins have similar personalities. But two persons born on the same day, one in NY,one in
Tokyo, have great differences in personalities.
Conclusion:
The claim that horoscopes decide people's personalities is wrong.
Premise:
Where one is born and which country one is from are not horoscopes.

4. 60s
BG:Media has played a significant role on the election outcome.
Premise:
Both of the two main parties have devoted much more money to the propaganda to win support every year.
In contrast, some small parties or individuals has put little money for advertisement and so on. So they never win the election.
Conclusion:
The reports of the ends of the two parties are premature at best.
结论是关于两党制马上要终结的报道太莽断了。结论看了很久才明白..
Support:
1. 其他小党派未来也不会有充足的资金来支撑它的选举宣传。

5. 66s
研究想了解暴力电影对儿童的影响。
做了两个实验:
1. 电影里包括一个男孩的暴力行为。在电影后的自由玩乐时间，有20%+的孩子产生相似的暴力行为。
2. 电影换成了女孩的暴力行为。之后只有14%的孩子产生暴力行为。
结论：
暴力者是男性比是女性影响更坏，儿童更可能模仿其暴力行为。

Weaken: 1.两部电影中男孩的暴力行为比女孩的更容易模仿。
2. 细心看在发现实验前后两组参与者是不同的孩子，所以weaken就是第一组孩子本来就比第二组孩子更有暴力倾向。

作者: 抓抓sandra 时间: 2011-8-10 00:18
哇你们瞬间把明天的都做了~~亚历山大。。。。T T

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-10 07:54

哇你们瞬间把明天的都做了~~亚历山大。。。。T T

-- by 会员抓抓sandra (2011/8/10 0:18:40)

妳晕了哈哈这是昨天的嘛~~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-10 11:40
42“
Premise: spacecraft is too heavy to take people to the space and return.
Conclusion: The spacecraft can be refilled by extra device for people to return easily.
Assumption: The weight of the extra device is enough light for the spacecraft to carry with.

24"
Premise: A lot cases of cavities do not cause serious problems if left them untreated.
Conclusion: The dentist shouldn't treat the cavity of tooth if it's not dangerous.
Strengthen: The research is based on the accurate information of representative samples of patients.

35”
Premise: The twins have the same personality, but two individuals were born in different areas 40years ago have different personalities.
Conclusion: So the horoscope can't determine the personality.
Assumption: The horoscope cannot be the only factor for determine human's personalities.

45"(后来又读了一遍）
Premise: It is not important that any of candidates win the election, since the two parties support their preferable candidates by throwing money in.
Conclusion: These two parties are very premature.
Strengthen： Two parties sponsor the medias with a lot money to allure people's attention in order to get their candidates win.(感觉好像和原来的premise重复了，想不出来了，你们都帮我看看，这样的strengthen行吗？）

52"
Premise: Two experiments show the different results of children's behavior when they watch different videos.
Conclusion: Children would like to imitate violent action when watch male video more than they do when watch female video.
Weaken: 1. The children in these two groups are different.
2. The children who like to imitate the violent action are tested to have disease of anxiety and depression.

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-10 12:16

42“
Premise: spacecraft is too heavy to take people to the space and return.
Conclusion: The spacecraft can be refilled by extra device for people to return easily.
Assumption: The weight of the extra device is enough light for the spacecraft to carry with.

24"
Premise: A lot cases of cavities do not cause serious problems if left them untreated.
Conclusion: The dentist shouldn't treat the cavity of tooth if it's not dangerous.
Strengthen: The research is based on the accurate information of representative samples of patients.

35”
Premise: The twins have the same personality, but two individuals were born in different areas 40years ago have different personalities.
Conclusion: So the horoscope can't determine the personality.
Assumption: The horoscope cannot be the only factor for determine human's personalities.

45"(后来又读了一遍）
Premise: It is not important that any of candidates win the election, since the two parties support their preferable candidates by throwing money in.
Conclusion: These two parties are very premature.
Strengthen： Two parties sponsor the medias with a lot money to allure people's attention in order to get their candidates win.(感觉好像和原来的premise重复了，想不出来了，你们都帮我看看，这样的strengthen行吗？）

52"
Premise: Two experiments show the different results of children's behavior when they watch different videos.
Conclusion: Children would like to imitate violent action when watch male video more than they do when watch female video.
Weaken: 1. The children in these two groups are different.
2. The children who like to imitate the violent action are tested to have disease of anxiety and depression.

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/8/10 11:40:18)

我牺牲了吃午饭的时间前来援救啊T T
恩。。第三题貌似fox读错题了吧，结论好像反了的说 = =

第四题啊。。第四题我觉得你也读错了T T
容我拿母语说吧，说完热饭吃去T T
我突然觉得这道题和OG那道修路题很像啊。

那道题是：那些指责我们国家道路condition不好的指责是错误的，因为我们每年都拿很多钱去修路。
它当时的weaken是：只有道路不好的国家，才拿一堆钱修路的。（潜在就是说：拿一堆钱修路就是为了弥补你道路状况不好。）

那第四题：说这两个政党失去power的指责是错误的，因为他们去年都拿出了更多的钱去资助他们的候选人。
那strenthen就是：拿更多的钱去资助候选人布什为了弥补政党失去power的呗~

我感觉是这样！~~~~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-11 04:07
Bat: I reviewed the problem number 3 again, is the conclusion supposed to be "the horoscope can determine the personality is wrong?" That's what I had there, then which part that you mentioned I understood wrong?

You are right for the problem 4,i missed the term of last sentence-the end. I read it again, thanks lah.

I have to type in english, no chinese type version in my cell phone. Geee.....

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-11 08:59

Bat: I reviewed the problem number 3 again, is the conclusion supposed to be "the horoscope can determine the personality is wrong?" That's what I had there, then which part that you mentioned I understood wrong?

You are right for the problem 4,i missed the term of last sentence-the end. I read it again, thanks lah.

I have to type in english, no chinese type version in my cell phone. Geee.....

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/8/11 4:07:02)

hoho~
I reply in English~ lalala~
骗你的。。英文发现不会表达，中文吧。。
就是第一次结论你错了啊~它的结论是horoscope cannot determine the personality，不是第一次你说的horoscope is not the only factor that determine the personality。貌似二者还是有差别的吧>< （貌似我现在觉得差别不是特大。。但是，还是觉得第二个不像是特别specific的结论）

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-11 09:10
终于回到我可爱的家了，可以打中文了，原来你说的是我的assumption，那我了解了，这个assumption我当时也觉得有些不舒服，不过想了想觉得horoscope is not the only factor to determine the personality表达的是还有其他的原因是决定personality的，所以单凭horoscope itself不能成立。不过我也了解这不是个很理由的理由，看了你们的有了些启发。
谢谢哈~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-11 09:14

bat以后要多多挑我的错误啊，最近才刚开始系统复习CR，发觉有很多理解上的问题，尤其是题目的细节理解，感觉有时premise差一点点没注意就会选错答案。今天看了一下午CR，刚刚有点起色。。。

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-8-11 10:03
恩，第四题Bat说得有道理～～！

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-11 10:10

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/8/11 9:14:01)

我CR也在努力中啊，共勉共勉~
我的原则就是，谨慎读题！！！~~

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-11 10:19

3. 46s 被那个horoscope打败了，不认识这个词啊T T
Con: we cannot say horoscope determines our personalities
Premise: The same time they are born, one in T one in NYC, but they do not have same personalities

Assumption: The other factors are all the same for these two people.

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/8/9 22:11:57)

但bat的assumption也不对，
为horoscope是星座，那么作者就认为the same time they are born等于他们有相同的星座了。
反驳是即使他们同一天出生，但不同地点，他们的性格还是不同。这里的gap是他们的出生日期--->horoscope。
所以bala的assumption对，“占星仅仅和时间有关系。”
回到bat说的，无论the other factors是不是the same都没有影响，因为是星座决定了性格，除非the other factors也是影响星座的属性。
-----
家里楼上装修很嘈哇，气死了，上来溜达溜达~~

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-11 10:48

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/8/9 22:11:57)

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 10:19:55)

我家楼上原来老装修，这个暑假终于消停了。。嗯，那道题我查答案了。其实我们都被骗了。它的这个stimulus有大大的GAP..我把题贴过来。。
Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?

作者观点：星座影响性格的说法是错误的。
其依据：一个NYC的孩子和一个多伦多的孩子，两者同时生，但40年后发现性格不同。
其Assumption应该是：多伦多和NYC的环境并无差异，不会存在造成性格不同的差异。。（答案是这么说的><）

所以，我觉得，可以认为作者观点与premise之间有GAP。它如果想说“星座不是影响性格的决定要素”，那他应给出的例子是：“同一个地方，甚至同一个医院（再甚至双胞胎= =），出生后性格迥异”
结构他给出了两个不同地方的人性格不同，那就不难让人怀疑“是不是地方文化导致的啊~”
那就必须得排除这个可能，作者结论才能成立~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-11 11:50
我也找到了一个解释，我觉得还是解释的挺清楚的。

思路： Psychologist举例否原观点，举的反例必定是在原观点相同的前提情况下产生了与原观点不同的结论。原观点的前提情况是相同星座，结论是性格相同。反例的前提情况需要与原观点的一致，所以即是不管多伦多还是纽约生的星座是一样的。

其实就是说前提条件相同，但结论不同，所以要排除他因，死扣在horoscope不能决定性格就对了。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-11 12:05
"反例的前提情况需要与原观点的一致，所以即是不管多伦多还是纽约生的星座是一样的。"
C.The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.
反推：
所以反例换句话说就假设了纽约和多伦多的两个孩子星座是一样的--> the same time they are born等于他们有相同的星座-->出生地差异不会影响他们的星座差异

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-11 12:06

"反例的前提情况需要与原观点的一致，所以即是不管多伦多还是纽约生的星座是一样的。"
C.The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.
反推：
所以反例换句话说就假设了纽约和多伦多的两个孩子星座是一样的--> the same time they are born等于他们有相同的星座-->出生地差异不会影响他们的星座差异

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 12:05:02)

再推：出生地差异不会影响他们的星座差异===星座仅仅与出生时间有关是同样的道理。

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-11 12:07

我也找到了一个解释，我觉得还是解释的挺清楚的。

思路： Psychologist举例否原观点，举的反例必定是在原观点相同的前提情况下产生了与原观点不同的结论。原观点的前提情况是相同星座，结论是性格相同。反例的前提情况需要与原观点的一致，所以即是不管多伦多还是纽约生的星座是一样的。

其实就是说前提条件相同，但结论不同，所以要排除他因，死扣在horoscope不能决定性格就对了。

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/8/11 11:50:24)

恩~我觉得不大一样诶~或者说，fox引用的那段话说的不够明白，最后半句有点问题。。
我把最后半句更改一下，再感觉下~
思路： Psychologist举例否原观点，举的反例必定是在原观点相同的前提情况下产生了与原观点不同的结论。原观点的前提情况是相同星座，结论是性格相同。反例的前提情况需要与原观点的一致，所以反例的前提仅应该是星座相同。

我觉得是这样，如果你说A导致B，反例A不导致B
那反例中A的范围、条件一定要与原A完全一致。本来人家A只是“星座相同的人”，举得反例里头的A却变为了“生在不同地方却星座相同的人”，这第一是变化了范围，第二是又引进了一个其他的变化要素啊。
那你这个反例要想仍然起作用，必须的说明引进的这个变化要素其实是个“不变”的要素。。
然后其实就是你们所说的答案了。。。画圈圈去。。。自责。。

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-11 12:09

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 12:05:02)

再推：出生地差异不会影响他们的星座差异===星座仅仅与出生时间有关是同样的道理。

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 12:06:52)

我懂了。。啊。。= = 原来答案被我理解错了。。。画圈去了。。。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-11 12:10

我家楼上原来老装修，这个暑假终于消停了。。嗯，那道题我查答案了。其实我们都被骗了。它的这个stimulus有大大的GAP..我把题贴过来。。
Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?

作者观点：星座影响性格的说法是错误的。
其依据：一个NYC的孩子和一个多伦多的孩子，两者同时生，但40年后发现性格不同。
其Assumption应该是：多伦多和NYC的环境并无差异，不会存在造成性格不同的差异。。（答案是这么说的><）
答案意思应该是: 多伦多和纽约的地区差异不会导致星座的不同，如果星座不同了这个反例就没有意义了~~
所以，我觉得，可以认为作者观点与premise之间有GAP。它如果想说“星座不是影响性格的决定要素”，那他应给出的例子是：“同一个地方，甚至同一个医院（再甚至双胞胎= =），出生后性格迥异”
结构他给出了两个不同地方的人性格不同，那就不难让人怀疑“是不是地方文化导致的啊~”
那就必须得排除这个可能，作者结论才能成立~

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/8/11 10:48:41)

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-11 12:11

我家楼上原来老装修，这个暑假终于消停了。。嗯，那道题我查答案了。其实我们都被骗了。它的这个stimulus有大大的GAP..我把题贴过来。。
Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?

作者观点：星座影响性格的说法是错误的。
其依据：一个NYC的孩子和一个多伦多的孩子，两者同时生，但40年后发现性格不同。
其Assumption应该是：多伦多和NYC的环境并无差异，不会存在造成性格不同的差异。。（答案是这么说的><）
答案意思应该是: 多伦多和纽约的地区差异不会导致星座的不同，如果星座不同了这个反例就没有意义了~~
所以，我觉得，可以认为作者观点与premise之间有GAP。它如果想说“星座不是影响性格的决定要素”，那他应给出的例子是：“同一个地方，甚至同一个医院（再甚至双胞胎= =），出生后性格迥异”
结构他给出了两个不同地方的人性格不同，那就不难让人怀疑“是不是地方文化导致的啊~”
那就必须得排除这个可能，作者结论才能成立~

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/8/11 10:48:41)

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 12:10:28)

我懂了懂了><

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-11 12:11
bat比我反应快哈哈~~

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-8-11 12:13

bat比我反应快哈哈~~

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 12:11:27)

米有米有。。谢谢daisy提醒哈~~~
悲剧了。。微波炉坏了。。出去买饭吃T T

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-11 12:28

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/8/11 12:05:02)

同意daisy的理论。

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-11 13:05
可是我用negate理论还有个疑问：

C.The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.

也就是说Toronto和NY的不同地理位置决定了星座的不同 ----〉这样的话，和原文的psychologist conclusion：相同的星座不能决定性格，而相同的星座是由相同的时间决定的。

但感觉上是间接weaken conclusion，直接weaken premise。我这么又自己重新回顾了一下，是不是这个道理？

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-8-11 13:30

可是我用negate理论还有个疑问：

C.The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.

也就是说Toronto和NY的不同地理位置决定了星座的不同 ----〉这样的话，和原文的psychologist conclusion：相同的星座不能决定性格，而相同的星座是由相同的时间决定的。

但感觉上是间接weaken conclusion，直接weaken premise。我这么又自己重新回顾了一下，是不是这个道理？

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/8/11 13:05:40)

相同的星座是由相同的时间决定的是psychologist的premise，不是psychologist的结论。
weaken可以weaken premise也可以weaken conclusion~~ 因为weaken了premise， conclusion就自然lose credibility了呵呵。

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-8-11 13:38
恩，明确了，原来以为只能weaken conclusion，而不能weaken fact....不过这个不算是fact，因为它是为反驳前面conclusion用的例子，所以可以weaken。

谢谢daisy啊~~

作者: ccmoom 时间: 2011-8-12 16:25
1、 45s
background：The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth.
Premise：A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip.
Conclusion：it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.
Assumption：做过这题…… 答案是有足够的燃料飞回地球

2、 45s
background：Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point.
Premise：unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.
Conclusion：dentists should not fill a cavity.
Support：想象答案可能估计要说不补牙的没坏处，补牙有坏处。

3、40s
Conclusion：Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false
Premise：However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Assumption：想说明不同地方会影响性格，而不是星座。难道是说，不同地方会有不同的星座？太无语了。。。

4、45s
Background：We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties.

remise： But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms
Conclusion：It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Support：想象中的答案可能是第三党派没有大作为，两党制还是过得很好之类的。

5、58s

remise：Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward.
Conclusion：The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.
Weaken：男孩天生喜欢暴力。

作者: zhengzhengzz 时间: 2011-8-15 21:56
1.
background: the only problem is the weight.
Premise: carrying fuel would be too heavy to launch; a new invention to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip.
Conclusion: it is possible to carry this device and then return.
Assumption: 假设 new invention 本身不是很重
2.
BG: filling a cavity is not a harmless procedure
Premise：cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth; many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point.
Conclusion: dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.
Support: 神经没有受到伤害的时候做了手术结果不好
3.
BG: some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities
Premise: identical twins born at the same time have similar personalities; two individuals who born on the same day but different places, 40 years personalities are different
Conclusion: the claim is false.
Assumption: 纽约和Toronto的环境很相似，这两个地域的不同并不影响结果。
4.
Premise: the mass media decide the outcome of the elections, not the power of the parties, but no independent candidate has won any election in the last nationwide campaign.
Conclusion: reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Strengthen：这个这个。。。没看明白。。。求解答~~~~~~~~~~~~~
5.
GB: experiments to test the effect upon violence in films.
Premise:1.male teenager:42% of the children were observed to engage in other violent acts similar to those in the film
2.female teenager: 14% of the children were observed to engage in other violent acts similar to those in the film.
Conclusion: children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown
Weaken: 男孩更容易模仿暴力的场景，女孩也会模仿，只不过不是暴力的场景，或不太会在游戏中体现出来（呃。。。参考了之前各位的解答。。。）

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-8-16 17:07
8-8
1. NO1 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q12 36s
The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
人不能去火星是因为重量.不能带足够的燃料，一个新发明的东西可以让火星的大气转换为燃料，结论：所以人们可以去火星咯！
假设:这个新装置是可行的，而且除了The only physical factor，没有其他阻碍人们去火星

2. NO2 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q15 30s
Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore, dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?
Cavity龋齿
填牙洞不是无害的。它会损害牙齿中的一些部分。而牙洞只有当它触到神经时才有害。很多牙洞不填也不会触到神经。结论：所以，牙医不应该填牙洞除非它真的很危险了。
加强：填牙洞的物质长期而言，对牙齿有害

3. NO3 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q17 35s
Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?
心理学家：天文学家说星座完全确定了性格。结论：但这是错的。因为虽然有一些人是这样的，但是有个记录说有一对人星座一样，性格就不一样
假设：星座不会因为出生的地点而受影响。

4. NO4 CR大全不含OG版 TESTC Q2 45s没有读完
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?
it is worth noting that值得注意的是
决定选举结果的不是政党的力量，而是传媒。但是最近没有第三政党赢选举，而且两大政党花了更多的钱在他们的候选人上。结论：两党制灭亡的言论为时过早。
加强：花的钱能反映一个政党的生命力。
ＰＳ：刚看的时候不明白第一句话在题干里啥作用， Lawyer的解释：原文结论是说这两个主要政党立即要消失的报道为时过早。原文有两个证据：还没有独立或第三党候选人；最近的普选两个党投了很多钱（可以给媒体，而媒体可以决定选举结果）。

５. NO5 CR大全不含OG版 TESTC Q3　　４５s
Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward. The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the psychologists’ conclusion?
grammar school 初级中学
心理学家做实验，第一组小朋友看了有男人的暴力片子，42%就暴力了。第二组看了女人的暴力片子，只有14%暴力了。结论：小朋友更会模仿男人的暴力片子。
削弱：那帮看男人片子的小朋友之前的暴力记录本来就要多些。

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-8-31 16:24
跟帖练习~~~~~恳求NN指导

53s
阻挡人类去火星的唯一物理因素就是重量了。带足量燃料来推动宇宙飞船到火星去和回来是最轻的飞船也不能在地球发射。however，一个近期发明出来的设备可以在火星表面为飞船重新加满燃料
------------因此，这位人们去火星来来回回提供了可能性

假设：这个存着供飞船回地球的燃料的设备能在地球发射

55s
牙医：填补牙洞不是个无害的过程，它不可避免的伤害一些健康的牙齿。牙洞只有在衰落物质到达牙齿内部的神经是才会有害。一般牙洞，如果放着不治疗，永远不会到达那步。因此除非牙齿内神经即将因牙洞受伤害，牙医们不会补牙。

加强：如果牙洞放着不治疗，衰落物质的却不会到达牙齿内部的神经

36s
心理学家：许多astrologers说我们的horoscopes完全决定我们的性格，这是不对的。（结论）我承认出生在同一时间的双胞胎，总有一些相似的性格。
然而，两个出生在四十年前相同时刻的人，一个出生在多伦多，一个出生在纽约，两人性格不同。（推理）

假设：。。。不知。。想不出来

59s
我们最近听说了近期两大党的重要性降低。是大众传媒决定了选举的结果。but这个无济于事没有一个独立的各体或第三党在近些年赢过选举。且在最近的全国运动中，两大党在支持他们各自的参与者中比以前投入了更多的金钱。
-------------------------因此，报道的两大党的即将让位是过早的

加强：两党在选举中投入金钱，两党的重要性就会提高

58s
心理学家做了一组实验。在第一个实验中 , grammar school children 观看了一个包含男性青少年暴力的电影，42%children 被观察到 engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film
在第二个实验中，a different group of children 观看了类似的电影，女性青少年暴力。只有14%的observed behaving violently afterward
------------结论children模仿暴力更喜欢模仿男子而不是女子

削弱：grammar school children和a different group of children不是同一组实验对象

作者: xqxqzym 时间: 2011-11-5 03:13
1-44s
p:已知去火星的重量，科学家也研究出一种设备补充燃料可供飞船往返。
c:那么人类带着这种设备也是有望往返火星滴。
A：这种设备会不会有其他未完善的地方从而影响人类往返火星呢

2-37s
p:补牙有损牙齿神经
c:牙医不应该实施补牙除非牙洞严重受损
s:想不出来怎么可以加强

3-42s
p:举例双胞胎性格是很相似，但另外同一时间出生的人性格不一样
c:占星学家说星座决定性格是错的
A:天生性格相似，后天环境影响？

4-42s
p:大众媒体的影响力越来越广，没有第三方政党参与竞选，而两党已投入比以往更多的资金去支持候选人。
c:两党将提前让位
没怎么看懂啊···还得返回再读一下

5-49s
p:分别举例在男版暴力电影和女版暴力电影后小孩子的模仿率是42%和14%
c:说明孩子更倾向于模仿男版暴力
w:实验对象不同

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2012-2-15 13:52
1.background: the most important problem to carry astronauts to MARS is weight
we don't have enough fuel for the lightest spacecraft to get to and return from MARS
premise: a new device can refuel the spacecraft when it return from the MARS

conclusion: we can finish the jouney to MARS
assumption: 这个新东西可以载那么多油到指定地点进行refuel 错了是otherwise不是 other！！！
2. premis：修复有洞的牙齿可能会损害到其他健康的牙齿所以修复牙齿并不是无害的
而且有洞的牙齿只有在危害到下面神经时才是有害的
所以牙医应该在确认有洞的牙齿会对神经造成伤害后再进行修复结论记错了。。。。。
加强：牙齿不修复时可能永远不会损害到神经

3 两个人同时出生但是不在痛一个医院他们有着相同的hometele。。。但是却表现出来不同的性格
结论星座并不带表相同性格
假设：不在同一个地方出生但是同时也有着相同的heme。。

4.超时而且每照到逻辑我擦。。。过去两年没有个人或者小团体花钱赢得过竞选
这两个大的政党花了比以往更多的钱去支持他们的参选人
结论这两个政党正在衰退。。。。。

5.心理学家做了两组实验，一组是给孩子们看男性暴力电影百分之47的孩子后来又模仿行为，另一组是分开了看女性暴力电影百分之14后来有模仿行为
结论男性的暴力模型更加容易让孩子模仿

削弱：两组孩子本身的不同一个是GRAMMER 一组是。。。

作者: 单身学文 时间: 2012-5-27 15:55
1’02 做过
阻止人类登陆火星的唯一原因是重量，即便是最轻的航天器，携带燃料后也太重了。最近发明的一种新型航天器，可以解决这一问题，因为回程的燃料使用MA制造的。

37” 做过
牙科专家认为虽然补牙本身是无害的，但是不可避免的要损害其它好的部分，而且只有蛀牙伤及神经时才有还，所以不到万不得已，就不要补牙。
35” 做过
心理学家：占星师声称星座相同的人有一样的相关，经研究发现双胞胎的性格是相似的，但是同一时刻出手在纽约和多伦多的人，却截然不同。
47”
两党的势力近年来有所下降，选民们被告知，是媒体而不是党派影响的近年来的选举结果。
但是在最近的一次选举中，两党投入了大量的经费来支持自己的候选人…..后面忘了
57”
心理学家做了一组对比试验，在第一组试验中，给一群小孩子播放十来岁的男生参与进暴力活动中，在随后的自由活动中，42%的小孩子表现了他们刚刚看到的一种暴力活动；第二组试验中，播放的是十来岁的女生参与进暴力活动，仅有14%的小孩表现暴力行为。说明男孩的暴力行为更会影响小孩子。

作者: pengfu 时间: 2012-8-24 15:26
1、1‘13“58q:推论的依据
bg : 阻碍人类登火星的原因是重量，太重的东西降落不适合在地球上
但是现在有个新设备发明了，太空飞船可以带着他装着燃料在返回的时候。
依据可能是：这个东西可以在不用的时候抛弃大大减少重量。
2、53”05
q:support
bg: 填补牙洞不坏，因为避免伤害其他的牙齿
pre：但是牙洞如果不威胁到神经就不用补，而且大部分的不治疗就不威胁到神经
con: 牙医不应该补洞，除非有危险
猜测：1、神经稍有危险就能即时查出来
2、稍有危险就补上也能帮助牙齿
3、没伤到神经就不会对牙齿其他部分有伤害

3、40“
q：assumption是说的：调查的数量不影响实验的结果
bg:星座学家称同星座的人的性格都是相同的
pre:医院中同一时刻出生的两个人的性格就不一样

5、1’18“
q: weaken
bg: 看了两部电影（男女冲突），不同的组的学生，反应不同
con: 对于男生的打斗更有挑动性。
推测答案是：第二组的学生本来就比第一组的学生不爱打架；

作者: ciel5chiang 时间: 2012-10-3 17:04
1.44s
人类不能去火星的唯一的限制原因是重量.-->去往火星往返飞船所需要燃料的重量使得飞船过重而无法发射?发明一个在太空给飞船手动填充燃料的机器D?人类去火星燃料可以实现了

2.在牙齿中装一个C是对牙齿有坏处的.-->它会损坏牙齿内部的神经?医生给病人装C,除非病人的牙齿的神经能够抵抗C带来的危险

3.44s
两个人同时一个杂NY 一个在XX地方出生,他们的性的是不一样的.两个人同月日而不同年份出生,性格也是不一样的?星座学家说星座决定我们的性格,但是这是错误的.

4.1min+…
决定选举结果的是各种媒体而不是政党的权力…后面不认识的词多理解的比较模糊了

5.1min
Conclusion: children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

作者: MiaZhang 时间: 2012-11-2 19:11
1.40s
BG: people cannot go to Mars because the aircraft would have to carry too much fuel to leave off earth.
P: recently, people invented a device that can allow the aircraft to refuel in the Mars atmosphere.
C: People will be able to travel to and back from Mars.
Assumption: there will not be other factors that render people's travel to Mars
2.34s
BG: filling a cavity in a teeth is dangerous because it will harm some of the healthy part of a teeth. Cavity will not be harmful unless the cavity has reached the nerve.
P: (however) few cavity will reach the nerve
C: dentist should not fill a cavity unless the cavity is in imminent danger.
Support: imminent danger will definitely develop into harm to nerve.
3.45s
BG: 很多人觉得星座能影响人的性格，双胞胎就具有相同的性格
P: 同一时间出生在东京和纽约的两个人
C: 这两个人具有不同的性格
Assumption：这个调查可以代表所有人的情况
4.58s(严重超时！！！第一遍意思没看懂)
P:两个主要党派的影响力正在越来越小。取决党派竞选成功的因素是媒体，近年来没有其他党派候选人胜出过。现在，两个党派正在投入更多的钱在竞选当中。
C: 取消两党系统还不成熟
Support：其他党派没有那么多钱投入在媒体上
5.45s
P: 两个实验：第一个实验——给孩子们放暴力片子，里面是男性在打斗，结果孩子们有很大比例都会模仿这些行为；第二个实验——给孩子们放的暴力片子里面，主要是女性的打斗场面，结果孩子们模仿暴力行为的比例很小
C: 暴力片子中，男性的行为对孩子的影响更大
Weaken：两组实验中样本有问题，比如孩子性别比例、年龄等

作者: 纽约我爱你 时间: 2013-3-20 22:00
1~45s
Premise: 1.the gravity makes it hard for human to get on the mars.
2.an invention can fill the energy after we get on mars.
Conclusion: it will be possible for us to get on the mars.
Assumption: there are enough source on mars to be energy(似乎错了，解决的不是重力的问题而是燃料的问题)
The craft is itself not heavy.

2~28s
Premise: 1.Only when C reaches the nerves of the tooth will it hurt us.
2.most C don’t get that deep.
Conclusion: we don’t need to fill the C immediately.
Support: most C don’t develop after they appear.

3~30s
Premise: 1. twins that have similar personalities are born at the same day.
2.people who are born at different places have different personalities.
Conclusion: the previous thought that the date of birth decides people’s personality is wrong.
Assumption: there is no other fact, such as age, can affect personality.

4~50s(看不懂，最后都是生词啊。意思似乎完全理解错了……)
Premise: 1.the third party won a lot of support
2.the two major parties spent more money than ever before.
Conclusion: the election will not be predicted.
Support:
BG：两个政党的重要性都下降，媒体的重要性上升
premise：两个政党耗费在选举上的费用都上升
conclusion：两个政党都很不成熟
Q：SUPPORT，补上GAP：成熟的政党费用节俭；不成熟的政党选举费用高
上面这个似乎比较好

5~38s
Premise: 1.many children imitate the violent behavior in the film as the actor does.
2.fewer children imitate the violent behavior in the film as the actress does.
Conclusion: children are more willing to imitate the violent behavior of male.
Weaken: the act in the second film is gentler.

作者: Cybill 时间: 2013-4-3 23:39
1.39'
BG: people travel to Mars need much fuel, it will make spacecraft much heavy.
Premise: A invent. make spacecraft refill fuel from Martain stmosphere.
Conclusion: people will have opportunity to go and back from Mars.

2. 34'
Premise: Fill cavity will inevitably harm the healthy part of teeth.
Conclusion: Dental should not fill cavity for patients when their cavity will not touch the nervers.
Support: Many patients who fill cavity occor nerves desease.

3. 37'
BG: the theory of horoscopes will determine is wrong.
Premise: People who born in the same time have different personality
Premise: twins who born in the same time have same personality
Conclusion: The theory is wrong.

4. 51'

还是没看懂
BG: mess media claimed about declining important of the two major parties.
Premise: No other parties's candidates won. The two major parties spend much money.
Conclusion: It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.

5. 48'
BG: violent behavior in film will inflence veiwer.
Premise: Two group research. 40% against 14%
Conclusion: people more likely to imitate male violent behavior than female.

作者: flonacui 时间: 2013-7-15 11:56
1. 52s
P The only difficulty that prevents a human journey to Mars is the weight.
P now, scientists have created a device to refill the tanks using the atomosphere of the Mars
C people could be able to go on Mars with the help of the device
assumption: 现在还不能refill返程所需要的全部的fuel 这个device还是不太完善；通过atmosphere of mars refill的fuel会变得更重返程的过程中没办法安全的把人带回来

2 44s
P filling a cavity of the tooth could be harmful because it could harm the other healthy teeth.
p some cavity are not that serious enough to harm the teeth.
C dentists should not fill a cavity unless the cavity reach that point that is harmful to humans.
加强可以来说fill a cavity的不好举例子说；

3 39s
p: twins that were born at the same time have the same personality, however, people born at the same time 40 years ago in the different place have totally different personality.
C some people claim that H completely determines the personality, and this claim is definetely false.
assumption:40年前的H 跟twins出生的H 是一样的

4 46s没太看懂。。。。
p:
C：reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
5 58s
p when the model in the film is male, 42% of the students tend to imitate the action in the film; when the model in the film is female, only 14% of the students tend to imitate the action afterwards.
C children are more inclined to imitate the violence in the film when the model is male than female.
weaken: 百分数问题没有说明两个experiments里面的同学人数是一样的说不定另外一个基数更大；两个experiments里面孩子的特征不一样说不定第一个实验里的同学本来就比第二个aggressive；播放时间不一样比如说早上或者晚上孩子们倾向于aggressive

作者: Yvette19 时间: 2013-8-2 00:38
赶着出门健身先发一个first sight版交作业，晚上回来研究question和大神答案！
1. 45s
BG: The physical factor which prevent human being from getting access to Mars is weight. The lightest spacecraft is still too heavy to get on Mars.
Premise: A recent invention of a new fuel enable the spacecraft to savely travel of its return trip.
conclusion: Someday human might get access to Mars thanks to this new fuel.

2. 50s
BG, Dental claims that filling a cravity is not harmless. Sometimes it is inevitably harmful if it is related to nerve.

Conclusion: Therefore... 为属马总是记不住推倒结论。。。差距太大了呜呜呜

3. 1min
BG: while SC believes that personalities are determined by GENE..?
psychologist thinks that it should be determined by the time??
Premise: A twin born at the same time from the same gene but two people born at the same time 40 years ago one in Toronto another in NYC, their personalities cannot be the similar.
Conclusion: Personalities are not determined by the time they bornd.

4.
被打断了又接着读了 more than 1 min
BG: popular belief that two party political system compete with each other is through mass media. Media plays an important role.
Premise: But there's actually no third party or independent party elected. in the latest election nationwide both parties made the greatest propaganda. and the reports believe that this way is the best way.

5.
1min
BG; Psychologist conducted experiment on 2 groups of children violence in relation to film.
Premise: First group of school children were shown a violent film featuring a male. As a result, there was 42 percent of immitation of violence. The second group were shown a violent film featuring a female teenager. Less of them was found commiting violence.

两小时之后我会回来滴！~

作者: m1nt 时间: 2013-8-9 11:58
1. 25’
Background: Weight prevents spacecraft to go to Mars. Even the lightest craft can afford the
weight of fuel for the whole journey.
Premise: A new device can help to produce fuel for the return, so the weight of the fuel carried can decline.
Conclusion: The spacecraft with new equipment can go to Mars.
Assumption: New equipment wont add more weight

2. 25’
Background: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure:
Premise: Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point.
Conclusion: Dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity
Support: Cavity without imminent danger wont have other problems

3. 25’
Background: Claim: Horoscopes determine people's personalities.
Premise: Twins have similar personalities. But two persons born on the same day, one in NY,one in
Tokyo, have great differences in personalities.
Conclusion: This claim is false
Assumption: Gap: Born in NY and Toronto have the same horoscopes

4. 35s
Background: Media has played a significant role on the election outcome.
Premise:
Both of the two main parties have devoted much more money to the propaganda to win support every year.
No independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years
Conclusion: The reports of the ends of the two parties are premature at best.
Support: Third party has no money to support that

5. 23’
Background: Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films
Premise
2组孩子，一组看male model暴力的电影一组看female model暴力电影，第一组比第二组更容易产生暴力
Conclusion: Children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.
Weaken: 1.开始参加的孩子不同
2. male model容易模仿

作者: jenniferlyy125 时间: 2014-2-10 11:41
1. P：去火星最大的障碍就是太重，一般载燃料的话会很重。现在新发明一种东西，可以在火星上加油回城。
C：所以可以带着这个发明去火星并且返回。
假设。既然说重量是最大障碍，那么假设就是这个发明的重量不太重，可以起飞，返回加的油也可以值得返程。
2.P：补牙齿的洞没害，只有在腐烂到达神经的时候才会有害。但是如果不治疗的话就永远不会到那个程度。
C: 所以，不应该补洞除非神经迫在眉睫地威胁。
腐烂到达神经才有害，所以除非神经迫在眉睫地受到威胁，才去补洞。这里应该由一个条件，就是只有在受到威胁的时候，才去补洞。
加强，说明没有威胁的时候不需要补洞（没有威胁的时候补洞不好），确定只有威胁才要补洞。
3.P：A认为星座决定性格。例子双胞胎。
C：例子，所以false，星座和性格无关。
用一个例子，就反驳，星座和性格无关，貌似无效归纳。从一个例子得出结论。假设：这个例子具有代表性。这个例子不受到其他影响，只是星座影响。
4.P：听说政党重要性下降。Media决定选举结果。但是这没有意义，因为政党筹集比以前更多钱支持候选人。
C：所以media的report说政党就要让位的说法太早了。
Media说政党要下位了，作者反驳，因为1花钱更多 2没有第三党赢
加强。就是加强结论，政党没有下位。提供其他的信息说明政党不会下位，第三挡不会取代。比如说花钱多就是政党继续掌权的标准等。
5.51’ 虽然很长，但是语言简单。
实验1：看男性暴力，42效仿。
实验2：看女性暴力，14效仿。
C：所以看男性暴力庚容易效仿。
【实验】削弱，就是说明看男性暴力不一定效仿多。可以说两个实验没有代表性，可以说是被实验者本身的特征使得他们对于男性暴力更加敏感。只要方向是证明男性暴力和效仿多没有直接关系就可以

add oil!

作者: liyao604 时间: 2014-4-12 18:15
Day three
NO1 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q12
The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

60’
P

ne factor prevent human traveling火星is the weight，即使最轻的aircraft（要携带到火星再回来的油）也太重了，使得aircraft不能从地球发射出来
P：最近有一个device被发明→在火星上refill the油箱（油从火星的大气产生的）
C：可以successful travel火星

NO2 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q15
Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore, dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

45’
P：填补牙齿的洞并不是harmless
P：因为会破坏牙齿（健康）本身的某些东西
P：对于most the cavities如果untreated不会有什么事。因为会有事当有东西通过洞（decay）reach the nerve
C：所以，不要填补，除非nerve受到威胁

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?

NO3 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q17
Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?

38’
P：有一些天文学家说：h（星象预测观测，我估计也就是和时间有关的意思）和personality有关
C：不相信
P：在一个地方同时出生的双胞胎有一样的personality
P：record显示：40年前在不同地方同时出生的双胞胎personality不一样

NO4 CR大全不含OG版 TESTC Q2
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?

75’
P：report：最近两个政党的重要性-
P

AQ遗漏了一个重要的premise是mass media而不是政党的power来决定election。
P：没有第三个替代的政党
P：最近，这两个政党花费在选举的钱更多
C：report关于政党重要性的comment premature=不准确的

NO5 CR大全不含OG版 TESTC Q3
Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward. The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the psychologists’ conclusion?
40’
研究暴力电影对孩子的影响
P：一个关于男人的暴力电影→42%的孩子学
P：（另一组）关于女人的暴力电影（同样的）→14%的孩子学
C：男人暴力电影比女人暴力电影对孩子影响更大（模仿）

作者: 问啊问啊 时间: 2015-6-4 05:36
6/3/2015 1-3
NO1  FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q12
The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented, however, that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore, it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
46
F：即使最轻的火星飞船带太多燃料会也会造成太重无法顺利完成飞行
P：最近的一个发明，可以让飞船用火星的大气制造出跟原厂燃料一样的燃料
C：火星飞船可以少带燃料完成飞行，只要他们再带一个这样的device，在return时用
G：这个device也有重量，

F：重量是唯一的阻碍人们火星之旅的因素。带足够的燃料在完成往返火星的飞行器，会使得最轻的飞船也太重，而导致地球上无法发射
P：最新一个设备被发明，允许传统飞船加油用于返回地球，这个油是用火星大气制造的
C：因此，人们可能去火星，通过携带这样的设备
问所依赖的假设?
G：1）这个设备不重 2）真的可以完成获取火星的大气3）带足够去火星大气飞行的燃料

NO2 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q15
Dental researcher: Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure: it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth, and many cavities, if left untreated, never progress to that point. Therefore, dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning?
35
F：补牙洞并不是一个没有害处的事情
P：因为补牙会伤害神经系统，造成疼痛
C：只要酸性物质没有伤害到牙齿里边的神经，医生可以不需要给病人补牙
F:牙医研究者：牙齿补洞并不是一个没有害处的事情，不可避免的会损害一些健康的牙齿。
P1：牙洞只有在腐烂达到牙齿内部的神经层的时候才有害
P2：大部分牙洞如果不治疗，并不会到达那种程度。
C：因此，牙医不应该补牙洞，除非内部的神经即将被牙洞损害。
问支持？
G：神经有害+不补牙，不到神经 =》不用补牙，除非到神经
所以gap是不用补牙和伤害之间，少了一环，默认假设了，看答案说: ，即对于潜在的伤害不应用必然带来其他伤害的方法来治疗。

NO3 FEIFEI Logic Test1 Q17
Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?
53
第一遍没理清逻辑顺序
F：H是造成人类性格的差异的主要物质
P：双胞胎同时出生的，性格相似。但是研究一下40年前同样时间出身的，一个多伦多，一个纽约，两个人的性格不同
C：求假设
F:心理学家说，占星者认为，星座是造成人类性格的差异的主要物质
C：这个结论是错的（星座，或者说出身时间并不是决定性格的因素）
P：我承认双胞胎同时出生的，性格相似。但是研究一下40年前同样时间出身的，一个多伦多，一个纽约，两个人的性格不同
问假设？
G：他因，其他一组一样的因素，导致了双胞胎性格一样，另一个研究性格不一样
割裂因果：

NO4 CR大全不含OG版  TESTC Q2
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?
75
F：我们听说两党的支持率都在下降
P：通常是媒体决定结果，而不是
C：
这篇太混乱了

NO5 CR大全不含OG版  TESTC Q3
Psychologists conducted a series of experiments to test the effect upon schoolchildren of violence in films. In the first experiment, grammar school children were shown a film that included scenes of a male teenager engaging in violent acts against others, such as punching, pushing, and kicking. During a free-play session following the film viewing, 42 percent of the children were observed to engage in one or more violent acts similar to those in the film. In a second experiment, a different group of children was shown a similar film featuring a female teenager. Only 14 percent of the children were observed behaving violently afterward. The psychologists concluded that children are more likely to imitate violent behavior on film when a male model is shown than when a female model is shown.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the psychologists’ conclusion?

60
心理学家做实验研究孩子的暴力倾向
通过给孩子看暴力视频，观察暴力视频后孩子有暴力倾向的百分比
F1：男青年的暴力视频，之后50%的孩子有暴力倾向
F2：女青年暴力视频，只会14%的孩子有暴力倾向
C：男青年的视频比女青年的视频更容易引起孩子暴力
Q：问削弱
G：他因导致，可能做实验的时候正好别的。。
割裂因果，另一组实验，是女青年的暴力比例高

作者: 进击的智人阿飞 时间: 2018-10-12 18:06

1. 43s：

Premise：飞到火星上的阻碍是weight+ 因为要带燃料所以很重+新型工具能使飞船在火星环境下产生燃料

Conclusion:这种工具能使飞船成功来回。

Assumption:fill the gap。产生的燃料足以让飞船返回；反条件不存在。这种工具不需要飞船带额外很重的材料

2. 32s

Premise:牙医补牙会对牙本身产生伤害+ 虫牙只有到达牙神经时才会产生危害+不补的虫牙很少伤及牙神经

Conclusion:牙医应该只有在伤及牙神经时才帮补牙

Strengthen:前提不导致结论的情况不存在。牙医补牙不是为了防止加重； fill the gap, 牙医补牙是为了让病人不痛

3. 35s

Premise:A说星座决定性格+双胞胎性格相同+同时间不同地点出生的人性格不同

Conclusion:A 说的不对

Assumption:同时间不同地点的人星座是一样的

4. 46s

Counter：两党派的影响不像之前那么大了+Premise:大众传媒只影响选举结果不传达党派影响

Counterpremise: 没有第三党派的人被选上总统+两主要党派花更多钱宣传了

Conclusion：最早的观点不成熟 assumption: 前提不导致结论不存在，当选的票数比例与以前相比没有更少

5. 40s

Premise:小学生看男性青少年犯罪电影，很多模仿+他们看女性青少年犯罪电影+很少模仿

Conclusion：男性犯罪行为对小学生影响更大

Weaken :compare, 两者不能相比，女性青少年犯罪电影很少暴力镜头，少于男性的；

Data problem：样本男女不均匀，小学生爱模仿同性别的人

作者: tinatang1116 时间: 2018-12-21 20:10
又是一年二度的逻辑题，今天依然是assumption
1. 29.5s
Premise: the reason that people cannot go to Mars is the weight. Now the change of tank containing fuel has been designed to carry enough fuel to and back.
Conclusion: now people can go to Mars
Assumption: weight problem is the only one and people’s weight will not increase.
2. 32.72s
Premise: cavity is not harmful unless it reach the nerve of teeth
Conclusion: dentist should not deal with cavity until it has become harmful
Strengthen: if dentist do unnecessary treatment may cause harm to patient.
3. 32.15s
Premise: two people who were born in the same time were not own the same personality.
Conclusion: horoscopes not completely determine our personalities.
Assumption: horoscopes were determined by time that people born(if born time is the same, horoscopes are the same)
4. 33.6s
Premise: while mass determine elections, no the third party has showed up
Conclusion: the two party have become premature enough.
Strengthen: maybe about the number of these two party are becoming larger.
5. 39.5s
Premise: during two experience, more students imitate violate behavior made by male instead of female.
Conclusion: students are more likely to imitate male behavior rather than female’s
Weaken: in other behavior rather than violate, students show no obvious trend vary from gender.
第四题理解发生了偏差呵呵，实际上应该是：
premise： influence of mass media has incresed
premise: more money has been spent on election
conclusion: the two parties are not mature enough
strenghten: mature party will not spend so much money on election or they can control finance better.

作者: FredaCi 时间: 2020-12-20 18:05
1. One obstacle that prohibt people from getting to mars is that no aircraft can carry as much as fuels needed to support the trip to mars can back.
However, since scientists can use another aircraft to add the needed fuel to the aircraft, the exploration to mars is possible in the future.
assumption: it is possible for another aircraft to add fuel to the first one

2.Filling a cavity can do harm to some healthy part of the tooth, and if the cavities do not reach the nerve, they will do no harm to the tooth.
So only if the cavities are in imminent danger should dentist fill a cavity.
support: there is no potential dangers with most of the cavities which are left untreated

3.It is wrong to say that horoscopes determine our personalities. Identical twins often has similar personlaties and people born in different places at the same time will have different personalities.
assumption: there is no other factors that can conter the effect of horoscopes on one's personality

4. The assumption that the power of two-side party is wrong. Although it is said that the media determine the outcome of the selection, people are spending more money to support the two main parties.

5.Researchers suppose that watching violent movies will affect teenager's behavior. Two experiments show that a higher pecentage of teenagers did similar violence after seeing a male teenager who did violent actions than a female teenager.
So the gender of the teenager in the movie will affect the teenagers' behavior.
Weaken: in two experiement, the participants are diffenet. The former group were more violent before the experiment.

作者: ssssshhhh123 时间: 2021-1-5 08:44
Xx

作者: gouguoqu 时间: 2021-1-17 16:33
第三天
1、58s
2、47s
3、49s
4、1:58s
5、57s

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