伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 例如： He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
简单的例子，你看你的句子，和我下面这句是不是很像？
The master entered the room,followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。
当然，这种句子由于是伴随主语的，事实上可以认为都是有主语发起的，或者是“修饰 主语的”
如果这还不能说服你，那我没有办法了
-- by 会员 vinbobo (2011/7/14 14:44:56)
这里引用Ron（一个国外的instructor）对OG SC-56题的解释说法
OG12-56
Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India date from the time of the Kushan
Empire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or Gandharan grey schist.
A Empire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
B Empire, fashioned from either the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
C Empire, either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or
D Empire and either fashioned from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from
E Empire and were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from (E)
这里撇开either……or……的并列结构不谈，仅谈fashioned的修饰问题，不同的人有不同的看法：
prep语法笔记上说 -ed在逗号后，原则上修饰逗号前面的名词，至于是一个名词还是名词词组（例如C1 of C2）版主
aeoluseros说看语义定
这里摘录Ron对这道题的看法：
（推荐！）“ved” modifier could refer either to the subject or to the noun before; you'll have to use context to figure it out.
e.g.
Joe turned to face the audience, flushed with fear --> correct sentence; modifier modifies "Joe"
Joe will fight his next bout against Malik, renowned for his fierce left jab --> correct sentence; in this kind of (somewhat ambiguous) construction, the usual convention is that "renowned" modifies "Malik", not "Joe".
i don't think you really have to worry about these kinds of modifiers very much; experience shows that they are hardly tested at all on the real test.
HOWEVER in the problem at hand, all of this is a non-issue; this modifier is altogether wrong, because there shouldn't be a modifier here.
it's not good enough for a comma + -ed or comma + -ing modifier just to describe the subject -- it must actually modify, or relate to, the content of the preceding clause.
e.g.
Joe spoke to the audience, blushing with nervousness --> this sentence makes sense
Joe spoke to the audience, standing 5'11" tall --> although this sentence is grammatically correct, it's total nonsense, because Joe's height has nothing to do with his speaking ability.
(this is also the reason why choice (a) of OG12 #26 is wrong -- it's not grammatically wrong, but it contains a modifier that's "modifying" something completely unrelated to it.)
the fact that the images "date from xxxx" and "were fashioned from xxxx" are two completely unrelated facts, so they should be placed in separate constructions (with "and"). it's inappropriate to use a modifier. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
个人觉得Ron的看法更可取，与V-ing做伴随状语表示前句对后句产生的影响相似，-ed也要考虑这层意思，不能说任意情况都使用-ed
回到这一题来说，surpassed by……修饰的是diabetes，并且不仅仅如此，正是“diabetes位列第三大致死原因”使得surpassed分句产生了意义，因为单单说diabetes被heart disease and cancer超越是没有意义的。
这个解释是否适用于OG上所有的题还有待考证，但是我觉得Ron的回答非常好，可以参考，有待NN参与讨论。
-- by 会员 ash28 (2012/8/16 9:53:34)
