roponents of IT arguedQ22 to Q25:
Most pre-1990 literature on busi-
nesses’ use of information technology
(IT)—defined as any form of computer-
Line based information system—focused on
(5) spectacular IT successes and reflected
a general optimism concerning IT’s poten-
tial as a resource for creating competitive
advantage. But toward the end of the
1980’s, some economists spoke of a
(10) “productivity paradox”: despite huge IT
investments, most notably in the service
sectors, productivity stagnated. In the
retail industry, for example, in which IT
had been widely adopted during the
(15) 1980’s, productivity (average output per
hour) rose at an average annual rate of
1.1 percent between 1973 and 1989, com-
pared with 2.4 percent in the preceding
25-year period. roponents of IT argued
(20) that it takes both time and a critical mass
of investment for IT to yield benefits, and
some suggested that growth figures for
the 1990’s proved these benefits were
finally being realized. They also argued
(25) that measures of productivity ignore what
would have happened without investments
in IT—productivity gains might have been
even lower. There were even claims that
IT had improved the performance of the
(30) service sector significantly, although mac-
roeconomic measures of productivity did
not reflect the improvement.
But some observers questioned why,
if IT had conferred economic value, it did
(35) not produce direct competitive advantages
for individual firms. Resource-based
theory offers an answer, asserting that,
in general, firms gain competitive advan-
tages by accumulating resources that are
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated. According to
a recent study of retail firms, which con-
firmed that IT has become pervasive
and relatively easy to acquire, IT by
(45) itself appeared to have conferred little
advantage. In fact, though little evidence
of any direct effect was found, the fre-
quent negative correlations between IT
and performance suggested that IT had
(50) probably weakened some firms’ compet-
itive positions. However, firms’ human
resources, in and of themselves, did
explain improved performance, and
some firms gained IT-related advan-
(55) tages by merging IT with complementary
resources, particularly human resources.
The findings support the notion, founded
in resource-based theory, that competi-
tive advantages do not arise from easily
(60) replicated resources, no matter how
impressive or economically valuable
they may be, but from complex, intan-
gible resources.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q22:
The passage is primarily concerned with
Answer:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q23:
The passage suggests that proponents of resource-based theory would be likely to explain IT’s inability to produce direct competitive advantages for individual firms by pointing out that
Answer
偶选:E,B
Q22, C may be better. Resource-based theory is the explanation, the unexpected findings are the fact that investment in IT didn't result in expected profit increase.
Q23, Again, I hold different opinion. A should be the key. "According to a recent study of retail firms, which confirmed that IT has become pervasive and relatively easy to acquire, " means exactly "IT is not a resource that is difficult to obtain".
15. E; I do not consider the main purpose of author is to propose a change in curricula.
22. C
23. A; three possible explanations listed, but the passage states the third clearly in following part.
in general, firms gain competitive advan-
tages by accumulating resources that are
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated.
To be discussed...
15的讨论在http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=25&ID=56995&page=1
同意CA,谢谢楼上的NN
Q24:
The author of the passage discusses productivity in the retail industry in the first paragraph primarily in order to
Answer:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q25:
According to the passage, most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of IT included which of the following?
Answer:
Proponents of IT argued
(20) that it takes both time and a critical mass
of investment for IT to yield benefits, and
some suggested that growth figures for
the 1990’s proved these benefits were
finally being realized. They also argued
(25) that measures of productivity ignore what
would have happened without investments
in IT—productivity gains might have been
even lower. There were even claims that
IT had improved the performance of the
(30) service sector significantly, although
macroeconomic measures of productivity
did not reflect the improvement.
可是23题E的答案在出题处,A的答案在第二段了,ETS不是说不能将选择非出题处的答案吗?
hi mm,i make the same mistake as you,but now i choose a,for we can see the question is what that proponents of resource-based theory would be likely to explain IT’s ...while the answer e changes brought about by IT cannot be detected by macroeconomic measures appear before the author mention to the resource-based theory ,so we can choose the right answer a.
i think a lot of gwd's questions have such tricks,we should read the questions more carefully,not confuse the details
强烈赞同12楼得观点。
这是ETS典型的偷梁换柱的把戏。
选E得人混淆了Proponents of IT 和 Proponents of Resource-based theory. 文中并没有直接提到Proponents of Resource-based theory. 只提到Proponents of IT。如果没有读懂的人，只靠Proponents去定位，必上当无疑。
Agree E in 23. You can find in the text as follows:
The findings support the notion, founded
in resource-based theory, that competi-
tive advantages do not arise from easily
(60) replicated resources, no matter how
impressive or economically valuable
they may be, but from complex, intan-
gible resources.
大家再帮忙看看下面问题中A有何差异？？
According to the passage, most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of IT included which of the following? A/e
原文的动东：Most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of information technology
(IT) focused on spectacular IT successes and reflected a general optimism concerning IT’s potential as a resource for creating competitive
My answers are:
22: C
23: A
24: B
25: E
大家再帮忙看看下面问题中A有何差异？？
According to the passage, most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of IT included which of the following? A/e
原文的动东：Most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of information technology
(IT) focused on spectacular IT successes and reflected a general optimism concerning IT’s potential as a resource for creating competitive
同问！！！
After reading A choice carefully, I agree A is incorrect because the literature didn't mention "effective ways to use IT", it just sugested "advantage for firms using IT", as E stated.
It's confuse to study these comments because some writers do not refer the no. of questions in the first place. sigh..
請問why Q24的answer是B阿
我選E B跟E兩個好混 我考慮很久 可惜最後還是錯了
同问！！！
原文中是说 reflected a general optimism concerning IT’s potential as a resource for creating competitive advantage.
我个人觉得：general optimism = belief 而不是 recommendation
发现GWD5的讨论在这里
做个交叠
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=25&ID=77990&page=1
请再看下22题这个主题题~
23选A
proponents of resource-based theory不是proponents of IT，事实上前者是反对后者的。
同意C A
再问一下22题,E不知道错哪儿了?谢谢
搞懂了，之前看得不够仔细
Q23:
The passage suggests that proponents of resource-based theory would be likely to explain IT’s inability to produce direct competitive advantages for individual firms by pointing out that
没有人选C吗？由文中最后一句话得来
请问如果23题的A对，那B为什么不对？
Resource-based theory offers an answer, asserting that, in general, firms gain competitive advantages by accumulating resources that are economically valuable, relatively scarce, and not easily replicated.
B A
A. IT is not a resource that is difficult to obtain
B. IT is not an economically valuable resource
MM你再往后多看一句就知道了
accumulating resources that areeconomically valuable, relatively scarce, and not easily replicated是企业盈利的条件
但是后面这一句
According to
a recent study of retail firms, which con-
firmed that IT has become pervasive
and relatively easy to acquire就说明了IT是不合其中的一条的，尽管也许它满足其它的。
就好比你找男朋友要找个子高，长的帅，成绩好；但你拒绝了某人并不一定是因为他不符合所有的条件，也许是不符合一个
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