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标题: SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（三）Main Point [打印本页]

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-12 12:36
标题: SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（三）Main Point

Prompt for Main Point

· The main point of the argument above is that

· Which one of the following most accurately expresses the editor’s conclusion?

· Which of the following best summarizes the conclusion of the argument?

· The author hopes to prove which of the following?

· The argument seems to lead up to which of the following?

· Which of the following is the author’s main point?

Action Plan

Before looking through the answers,

· Ask yourself, “What is the author trying to prove?” In other words, which statement in the passage is supported by the other statements? A main point is the main conclusion of the passage. It could be at the very end of the passage, but it might show up in the middle or even at the beginning.

· Look for opinion indicators (some teachers think that .. .). Opposing viewpoints usually come right before the author’s main conclusion, which usually starts with but, yet, or however. “Many people think that Tsinghua graduates are sensitive to political issues. But that is not the case because .. .” Here, the author first introduces an opinion of “many people”, then usesthe word but to stop telling what others think and start telling what the author thinks. Pay attention to the contrast between two different schools of thoughts or opinions. The following are common structures for arguments:
- Opinion. However, conclusion. Premise.
- Opinion. Although concession, conclusion. Premise.

· Look for premise indicator (because, since, for, due to) to help you find premises and then the main conclusion. Although conclusion indicators (therefore, thus, hence, accordingly) can help you find conclusions, in main point questions, these indicators usually introduce intermediate conclusions to trap you. Otherwise,the question would be too easy to solve. Keep in mind, an intermediate conclusion act as both a premise for the main conclusion and a conclusion for another premise in the same argument.

· Refrain from classifying asentence as a conclusion merely because it appears to be a declarative sentence. “You need to sleep more” and other declarations are not necessarily conclusions; they could be premises: “I would limit your TV time because you need to sleep more.” No statement is inherently a conclusion or a premise; it could be either or neither. What role it plays in the argument simply depends on what the author tries to prove and how he or she does that.

Then look for the answer choice which most accurately restates the main conclusion you found in the passage. Possible wrong answers include 1) restating a premise; 2) listing an intermediate conclusion; 3) giving you something, which, with a NEW assumption, could be inferred from the passage (the cardinal sin for Must-be-true type questions).

The following are some questions for you to practice what you justlearned:

1) As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe. In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated throughgullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies andprotect our own. Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary tocounter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s politicalinterests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire. I wouldpoint out to the apologists that the fire department finds water moreeffective.

The author’s main point is that

(A) Although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they areunacceptable on ethical grounds
(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherenceto the truth
(C) The temporary political gains produced by disinformationcampaigns generally give way to long-term losses
(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damageAmerica’s standing in Europe
(E) Disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve thepolitical interests of the United States

2) Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the earlyeditors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnson’sown, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. Tostandardize Dickinson‘s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the useof the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing thatDickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinsonchose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparentlynever made any definitive choice at all.

Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main point?

(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinson’s earlyeditors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equallyserious distortions.
(B) Johnson’s use of the dash in his text of Dickinson’s poetrymisleads readers about the poet’s intentions.
(C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published,virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions.
(D) Although Johnson’s attempt to produce a more faithful text ofDickinson’s poetry is well meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficientthoroughness.
(E) Dickinson’s editors, including Johnson, have failed to dealadequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinson’s handwritten manuscripts.

3) Theater Critic: The play La Finestrina, now at Central Theater,was written in Italy in the eighteenth century. The director claims that thisproduction is as similar to the original production as is possible in a moderntheater. Although the actor who plays Harlequin the clown gives a performancevery reminiscent of the twentieth-century American comedian Groucho Marx,Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that hadbegun in sixteenth-century Italy.

The considerations given best serve as part of an argument that

(A) Modern audiences would find it hard to tolerate certaincharacteristics of a historically accurate performance of an eighteenth-centuryplay
(B) Groucho Marx once performed the part of the characterHarlequin in La Finestrina
(C) In the United States the training of actors in the twentiethcentury is based on principles that do not differ radically from those thatunderlay the training of actors in eighteenth-century Italy
(D) The performance of the actor who plays Harlequin in LaFinestrina does not serve as evidence against the director’s claim
(E) The director of La Finestrina must have advised the actor whoplays Harlequin to model his performance on comic performances of Groucho Marx

4) Recently, environmentalists have argued that the government should stopadding fluoride to our water supply. I think this is wrong. I support addingfluoride to our water supply for the same reason I support adding iodine tocommon table salt. I admit that the addition of iodine to table salt has provenbenefits and is far less controversial than the addition of fluoride to thewater supply. Still, I wonder if the same environmentalists who argue againstfluoride would argue against iodine.

Which of the following is the author’s main point?

(A) The addition of fluoride to our water supply should continue.
(B) Fluoride should be considered to be as safe and beneficial as iodine.
(C) The government should continue any efforts it feels are in the public’sbest interests.
(D) Environmentalists are unable to recognize the benefits of iodine in tablesalt.
(E) Environmentalists should not be believed in matters of public health.

SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（二）More about Argument Components

SDCAR2010【逻辑入门】（四）Role (Boldface)

作者: fangsigaoa 时间: 2011-6-12 13:01
牛牛的贴！
先顶再看

作者: zhangyina 时间: 2011-6-12 13:07
sdcar大牛越来越是我膜拜对象了！！！

作者: 灭绝湿太 时间: 2011-6-12 13:50
顶！！！！！！！

作者: Aviva0307 时间: 2011-6-12 21:44
这节的感觉：
1.读文章时，套行文模式不是万能的。比如没有明确标志词的，最好是跟着作者思路走，边读边思考每句话在行文中的作用，中心意思自然凸显。（貌似清晰、准确地理解句子很重要。句子读懂个大概但不准确，常因误解导致选错，不知有没有快速有效的提高方法？）

2.读选项时，有效排除。

BTW：习题2的“To standardize Dickinson‘s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print.”这句话，不是很理解。

习题4，是选A吗？

期待指导~~

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-12 21:58
To standardize Dickinson‘s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print.

1) Dickinson sometimes wrote some punctuations which are hard to read.
2) Johnson universally replaced the above hard-to-read punctuations in Dickinson's poems with a dash.
3) The author thinks that such kind of "standardization" by Johnson created an result which Dickinson did not expect to see (against the original author's will)

For question 4, the answer is A). Good job.

作者: fangsigaoa 时间: 2011-6-13 11:03
答案是：E E D A么？
求指导！

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-13 11:23
You got all the answers correct except 2). Nice work.

Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. YetJohnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson‘s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.

Opinion. Yet, conclusion. Premise.

作者: fangsigaoa 时间: 2011-6-13 11:54

You got all the answers correct except 2). Nice work.

Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. YetJohnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson‘s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.

Opinion. Yet, conclusion. Premise.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/13 11:23:52)

是不是b ???A错在"equally"?

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-13 12:03

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/13 11:23:52)

是不是b ???A错在"equally"?

-- by 会员 fangsigaoa (2011/6/13 11:54:56)

Bingo! You got it!

作者: innerwarrior 时间: 2011-6-17 10:37
Dear SDCAR

For the test1, "I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe" should be the conclusion, right? but the answer "(E) Disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States
"didn't show up any information about "not effectively serve the political interests of the United States", could you help to explain? thx

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-6-18 16:04
一直就很喜欢Sdcar2011 ！！牛人的贴仔细研读！

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-6-18 16:32
I got all the answers correct except 3，could you please explain question 3 in detail ? thank you in advanced !

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-6-18 16:42
For question 4, i doubted that why "The performance of the actor who plays Harlequin in La Finestrina "does
not serve as a counter evidence for editor's claim, i think it serves as a counter evidence, but the another reason "Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that had begun in sixteenth-century Italy" outweigh it that a critic might proclaim.

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-6-18 16:46
Sorry, i inadvertently type question 4 mistakenly which should be question 3.

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-6-19 10:22
up ！

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-19 10:49
3) Theater Critic: The play La Finestrina, now at Central Theater, was written in Italy in the eighteenth century (background). The director claims that this production is as similar to the original production as is possible in a modern theater (opinion). Although the actor who plays Harlequin the clown gives a performance very reminiscent of the twentieth-century American comedian Groucho Marx (concession), Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that had begun in sixteenth-century Italy (premise).

The considerations given best serve as part of an argument that

(A) Modern audiences would find it hard to tolerate certain characteristics of a historically accurate performance of an eighteenth-century play
(B) Groucho Marx once performed the part of the character Harlequin in La Finestrina
(C) In the United States the training of actors in the twentieth century is based on principles that do not differ radically from those that underlay the training of actors in eighteenth-century Italy
(D) The performance of the actor who plays Harlequin in La Finestrina does not serve as evidence against the director’s claim
(E) The director of La Finestrina must have advised the actor who plays Harlequin to model his performance on comic performances of Groucho Marx

As highlighted, the flow of the argument is Background, Opinion, Concession, premise. So the unstated main conclusion can be reached according to the last sentence of the argument: performance of the actor is as similar to the original old Italian style as you can get.

The conclusion says that actor = Marx = acient Italian style.

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-19 10:59

1) As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe (opinion). In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own (background). Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire (opposing opinion). I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective (main conclusion).

The author’s main point is that

(A) Although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds
(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherence to the truth
(C) The temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses
(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage America’s standing in Europe
(E) Disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States

As highlighted above, the flow of the argument is Author's opinion, Background, opposing opinion, conclusion. I should point out the way the main conclusion iis presented is pretty unusual by using a figurative language. If you compare the opposing opinion with the author's conclusion, you would notice that effectively, the author proclaims that the opposing's opinion is wrong. And if you negate the opposing opinion, you would get the main conclusion, which states in choice E).

作者: jameshzd 时间: 2011-6-19 15:35
thank you ! Sdcar2010~

作者: 卡卡的花 时间: 2011-6-19 18:52
关于第三题请问问题到底要问什么...
我总是看不懂问题请牛人指点下

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-19 22:01

关于第三题请问问题到底要问什么...
我总是看不懂问题请牛人指点下

-- by 会员卡卡的花 (2011/6/19 18:52:26)

It asks for the main point of the argument.

作者: 弗拉多 时间: 2011-6-19 22:03
NN看看我的问题
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-568865-1-1.html

作者: 米样 时间: 2011-6-22 16:31
谢谢sdcar2010~~
4道题目都做对了~不胜感激~~

作者: jianaozhonghua 时间: 2011-6-28 03:19
请问NN让步在文中是不是没有必要看前半部分？比如第三题，虽然演员的表演有点过分夸张。但是M的喜剧风格被表演的很好。

题目中A选项说了观众可能不能忍受这夸张的表演。根据让步前面文中讲到的，作者就是为了提前移除被人这么说的可能，所以写了although如何如何。
所以A选项这么说正中作者下怀就没有意义了，所以A就不对，是这样的么？

那么让步后面的第一部分就没什么大意义了，是这样么？

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-6-28 03:56

请问NN让步在文中是不是没有必要看前半部分？比如第三题，虽然演员的表演有点过分夸张。但是M的喜剧风格被表演的很好。

题目中A选项说了观众可能不能忍受这夸张的表演。根据让步前面文中讲到的，作者就是为了提前移除被人这么说的可能，所以写了although如何如何。
所以A选项这么说正中作者下怀就没有意义了，所以A就不对，是这样的么？

那么让步后面的第一部分就没什么大意义了，是这样么？

-- by 会员 jianaozhonghua (2011/6/28 3:19:21)

For main point questions, yes, you are absolutely right. Who cares about the concession made.

作者: Fellhound 时间: 2011-6-29 04:58
I like it!

作者: 草木染湘 时间: 2011-6-30 15:43

I like it very much ....^^

作者: horsecc 时间: 2011-6-30 22:23
感谢

作者: MarsTOF 时间: 2011-7-9 23:31
第2题那么明显的yet我居然做错了。。哭再次感谢SDCAR2010啊！！造福CDers~

作者: wtylys 时间: 2011-7-10 14:36
ding

作者: 抓抓sandra 时间: 2011-7-11 12:52
也来顶一个~嘿嘿看完一份mark一下~
这篇最大的收获是：
No statement is inherently a conclusion or a premise; it could be either or neither. What role it plays in the argument simply depends on what the author tries to prove and how he or she does that.

作者: srosalita 时间: 2011-7-18 12:21
Dear sdcar2010,
How to distinguish "3) giving you something you could infer or conclude from the passage" from the really ture answer? From the question1,2&3 you given to us,especially for question3, the correct answer can not directly get from the argument, and it is the sentence drawing from the argument, in another word, it is the sentence we infer or conclude from the passage,however, you mentioned that they are not correct. So, i get confused. can you answer it?

作者: wang49 时间: 2011-7-19 06:27
good!

作者: srosalita 时间: 2011-7-19 10:39

3) Theater Critic: The play La Finestrina, now at Central Theater, was written in Italy in the eighteenth century (background). The director claims that this production is as similar to the original production as is possible in a modern theater (opinion). Although the actor who plays Harlequin the clown gives a performance very reminiscent of the twentieth-century American comedian Groucho Marx (concession), Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that had begun in sixteenth-century Italy (premise).

The considerations given best serve as part of an argument that

(A) Modern audiences would find it hard to tolerate certain characteristics of a historically accurate performance of an eighteenth-century play
(B) Groucho Marx once performed the part of the character Harlequin in La Finestrina
(C) In the United States the training of actors in the twentieth century is based on principles that do not differ radically from those that underlay the training of actors in eighteenth-century Italy
(D) The performance of the actor who plays Harlequin in La Finestrina does not serve as evidence against the director’s claim
(E) The director of La Finestrina must have advised the actor who plays Harlequin to model his performance on comic performances of Groucho Marx

As highlighted, the flow of the argument is Background, Opinion, Concession, premise. So the unstated main conclusion can be reached according to the last sentence of the argument: performance of the actor is as similar to the original old Italian style as you can get.

The conclusion says that actor = Marx = acient Italian style.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/19 10:49:52)

Dear sdcar2010,
How to distinguish "3) giving you something you could infer or conclude from the passage" from the really ture answer? From the question1,2&3 you given to us,especially for question3, the correct answer can not directly get from the argument, and it is the sentence drawing from the argument, in another word, it is the sentence we infer or conclude from the passage,however, you mentioned that they are not correct. So, i get confused. can you answer it?

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-7-19 20:58
srosalita:

3) above is more like an inference question asking for the main point. You are right. 1) and 2) is borderline. And your understanding that main point should be stated in the stimulus, not inferred therefrom, is right on.

When I tried to find the main point questions, I could not find many on the internet. So I just copied whatever LOOKS like a main point question instead. My appology.

作者: srosalita 时间: 2011-7-20 17:45

srosalita:

3) above is more like an inference question asking for the main point. You are right. 1) and 2) is borderline. And your understanding that main point should be stated in the stimulus, not inferred therefrom, is right on.

When I tried to find the main point questions, I could not find many on the internet. So I just copied whatever LOOKS like a main point question instead. My appology.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/7/19 20:58:18)

Thanks for answering, you don't need any apology for me. I still unfamiliar with CR questions, and it looks like I need to practice more than I thought before. Anyway, I am glad that you answered me question.

作者: 听枫 时间: 2011-7-21 17:24
看了之后好大收获~~~实在是thx~~~~

作者: Gmat一800 时间: 2011-8-17 16:15
thx very very much !!!!

作者: ivonfyq 时间: 2011-8-18 09:44
if there is a fast and effective way to read CR passages and questions?i often take too much time on the reading and understanding,or i may not get the idea of the passage.Thank you a lot!

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-8-18 09:46
No shortcut. Read more English articles EVERYDAY.

For CR passages, focus on premise and main conclusion.

作者: terry9115 时间: 2011-8-25 15:37

No shortcut. Read more English articles EVERYDAY.

For CR passages, focus on premise and main conclusion.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/8/18 9:46:05)

Hi sdcar2010
I've got a question with (2）
is the flaw of (E) attributing Johnson to Dickson's Editors, so irrelevant?

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-8-25 21:03

No shortcut. Read more English articles EVERYDAY.

For CR passages, focus on premise and main conclusion.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/8/18 9:46:05)

Hi sdcar2010
I've got a question with (2）
is the flaw of (E) attributing Johnson to Dickson's Editors, so irrelevant?

-- by 会员 terry9115 (2011/8/25 15:37:58)

No. Johnson is one of the editors to Dickson's work. The problem with E is that it's too broad. Johnson was partially right by pointing out errors made by others.

作者: christ900624 时间: 2011-9-4 18:12
Many Thanks！

作者: rannyfanchao 时间: 2011-9-8 05:09
thanks very much

作者: 无责任英雄 时间: 2011-10-6 11:03

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/13 11:23:52)

是不是b ???A错在"equally"?

-- by 会员 fangsigaoa (2011/6/13 11:54:56)

同错啊。equally是怎么回事？求指导！

作者: 无责任英雄 时间: 2011-10-6 11:09

The considerations given best serve as part of an argument that
为什么是main point的问题类型，说实话没怎么看懂。求赐教！

作者: zylrt 时间: 2011-10-19 17:47
标题: Thank you so much!
Thank you very much about this training document~~~

I finished this chapter today and felt much better than before.

作者: bonfin 时间: 2011-10-22 23:24

No shortcut. Read more English articles EVERYDAY.

For CR passages, focus on premise and main conclusion.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/8/18 9:46:05)

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-10-23 16:47
mark
请教sdcar, #2 A中Johnson is right in criticizing 这是是正确还是错误，是对应这原文的Johnson is on firm ground 么？？A选项是否仅仅equally（因为原文没说程度）一个错误？我把#4分析了一下，NN请看分析的对么？Recently, environmentalists have argued that the government should stop adding fluoride to our water supply（background）. I think this is wrong.（conclusion） I support adding fluoride to our water supply for the same reason I support adding iodine to common table salt. I admit that the addition of iodine to table salt has proven benefits and is far less controversial than the addition of fluoride to the water supply.（premise）Still（转折？）, I wonder if the same environmentalists who argue against fluoride would argue against iodine.（concession？）

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-10-23 16:48
额。。。怎么发了两遍？

请教sdcar, #2 A中Johnson is right in criticizing 这是是正确还是错误，是对应这原文的Johnson is on firm ground 么？？A选项是否仅仅equally（因为原文没说程度）一个错误？

另外，我把#4分析了一下，NN请看分析的对么？Recently, environmentalists have argued that the government should stop adding fluoride to our water supply（background）. I think this is wrong.（conclusion） I support adding fluoride to our water supply for the same reason I support adding iodine to common table salt. I admit that the addition of iodine to table salt has proven benefits and is far less controversial than the addition of fluoride to the water supply.（premise）Still（转折？）, I wonder if the same environmentalists who argue against fluoride would argue against iodine.（concession？）

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-10-23 22:07

额。。。怎么发了两遍？

请教sdcar, #2 A中Johnson is right in criticizing 这是是正确还是错误，是对应这原文的Johnson is on firm ground 么？？A选项是否仅仅equally（因为原文没说程度）一个错误？

是正确
是对应这原文
是因equally

另外，我把#4分析了一下，NN请看分析的对么？Recently, environmentalists have argued that the government should stop adding fluoride to our water supply（background）. I think this is wrong.（conclusion） I support adding fluoride to our water supply for the same reason I support adding iodine to common table salt. I admit that the addition of iodine to table salt has proven benefits and is far less controversial than the addition of fluoride to the water supply.（premise）Still（转折？）, I wonder if the same environmentalists who argue against fluoride would argue against iodine.（concession？）

Recently, environmentalists have argued that the government should stop adding fluoride to our water supply（opposing opinion）. I think this is wrong.（conclusion） I support adding fluoride to our water supply for the same reason I support adding iodine to common table salt. (premise) I admit that the addition of iodine to table salt has proven benefits and is far less controversial than the addition of fluoride to the water supply.（concession）Still（转折）, I wonder if the same environmentalists who argue against fluoride would argue against iodine.（premise）

You got the main conclusion right and that is the key for main point questions. Good work. The rest assignments of functions are helpful but are not critical, at least for this question.

-- by 会员 UlysessHope (2011/10/23 16:48:05)

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-10-24 22:37
谢谢！

作者: 桃子妞 时间: 2011-10-26 17:22
讲解的非常精彩透彻！！！非常感谢

作者: jy2456 时间: 2011-10-27 11:42
可以解释一下第3题么？

作者: jy2456 时间: 2011-10-27 11:48
刚看到第三题解释，谢谢！

作者: 月照琳琅 时间: 2011-10-27 21:54
好贴，LZ讲得非常详细。

第一道题目第一次选择了C，第二道第一次也选了E

不大明白这两个选项为什么错了

求问，谢谢

作者: 月照琳琅 时间: 2011-10-27 22:01
Dear sdcar2010

I have got the second question, but is C in the first question also too broad?

Looking forward to your anserO(∩_∩)O~

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-10-28 00:17
Support for C) in question one cannot be found in the passage. Main point is must-be-true

Check 17th floor/reply for more details.

作者: YvonneJim 时间: 2011-11-4 17:00
sdcar, I can't find your summary for EVALUATION Type question. I found it's difficult for me to do this type of questions, can u help??

Many thanks!!!!

作者: xiaoyanjoy 时间: 2011-11-6 14:17
感谢

作者: 翠儿卡 时间: 2011-11-11 22:37
NN, many thanks for your sharing and could you help me confirm if i have got the points.

Encountering all of the options, firsly, i should pick out the irrelevant ones that the information appear in the background information or opinions hold other than the author.

Secondly, figure out the disturbing content such as details something represented in premises or intermediate conclusion if any.

in most cases, the remaining one will be the best answer and we can test it according to principle posted by Lawyer.

Look forward to your reply and i am digesting other posts in this series.

作者: 翠儿卡 时间: 2011-11-11 22:43
something to add.

choice E in 2) is irrelevant, right?

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-11-12 06:03

NN, many thanks for your sharing and could you help me confirm if i have got the points.

Encountering all of the options, firsly, i should pick out the irrelevant ones that the information appear in the background information or opinions hold other than the author.

Secondly, figure out the disturbing content such as details something represented in premises or intermediate conclusion if any.

in most cases, the remaining one will be the best answer and we can test it according to principle posted by Lawyer.

Look forward to your reply and i am digesting other posts in this series.

-- by 会员翠儿卡 (2011/11/11 22:37:42)

Sound good. If you eliminate all the bad apple, the one remaining is the good one!

作者: echine 时间: 2011-11-13 19:17
真是好帖！清晰易懂！！

作者: viola芊 时间: 2011-11-16 15:26
太好的资料了，，LZ强大

作者: 奈奈奈 时间: 2011-12-31 12:05
After I eliminated all the bad apples, C and E are left in question (1). Could you explain what's wrong with C?

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-12-31 12:20
1) As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe (opinion). In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own (background). Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire (opposing opinion). I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective (main conclusion).

The author’s main point is that

(A) Although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds
(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherence to the truth
(C) The temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses
(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage America’s standing in Europe
(E) Disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States

As highlighted above, the flow of the argument is Author's opinion, Background, opposing opinion, conclusion. I should point out the way the main conclusion is presented is pretty unusual by using a figurative language. If you compare the opposing opinion with the author's conclusion, you would notice that effectively, the author proclaims that the opposing's opinion is wrong. And if you negate the opposing opinion, you would get the main conclusion, which states in choice E).

As for C), long-term losses are not mentioned anywhere in the passage. However, main point question is must-be-true type. So C) is wrong.

作者: 奈奈奈 时间: 2011-12-31 14:50
thank you so much

作者: wildmantomba 时间: 2012-1-14 10:53
My attempt to figure out the structure of NO.4

4) Recently, environmentalists have argued that (indicator for background information) the government should stop adding fluoride to our water supply(opposing viewpoint).I think this is wrong. I support adding fluoride to our water supply for the same reason I support adding iodine to common table salt(Main Conclusion).I admit that (indicator for concession) the addition of iodine to table salt has proven benefits and is far less controversial than the addition of fluoride to the water supply (Concession). Still, I wonder if the same environments who argue against fluoride would argue against iodine.

Which of the following is the author's main point (prompt for main point question)?

(A) The addition of fluoride to our water supply should continue.
(B) Fluoride should be considered to be as safe and beneficial as iodine. (Not mentioned)
(C) Thegovernment should contiue any efforts it feels are in the public's best interests. (Not mentioned)
(D) Environmentalists are unable to recognize the benefits of iodine in table salt. (Actually, the last sentence, I wonder if the same environmentalsts who argue against fluoride would argue against iodine, implies that the environmentalists are able to recognize the benefits of iodine in table salt )
(E) Environmentalists should not be believed in matters of public health. (Not mentioned)

As highlighted, the flow of the argument is Opposing viewpoint, Conclustion, Concession. So we can find the main point from the main conclusion of the passage: government should not stop adding fluoride to our water supply.

作者: wildmantomba 时间: 2012-1-14 12:47
more Main Point question
大全 14-12
Althoughaspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose.A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the body’s disease-fighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria.
If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?
(A) Aspirin, an effective painkiller, alleviates the pain and discomfort of many illnesses.
(B) Aspirin can prolong a patient’s illness by eliminating moderate fever helpful in fighting some diseases.
(C) Aspirin inhibits the growth of white blood cells, which are necessary for fighting some illnesses.
(D) The more white blood cells a patient’s body produces, the less severe the patient’s illness will be.
(E) The focus of modern medicine is on inhibiting the growth of disease-causing bacteria within the body.

作者: 5ellen 时间: 2012-1-18 08:16
Is there anyone who can help me with the first one?
I cannot clearly distinguish the premise and the conclusion in it though i get the right answer.THX!

-------------------------------------------------------------------
sorry .i get the explanation in the former pages.hahhah

作者: 泾渭不凡 时间: 2012-1-21 04:08
thx again.
All the problems I have were solved.

作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-2-5 23:00
还好发现的不晚，感激LZ，感激涕零！

作者: breezelz 时间: 2012-2-11 13:08
Although it's my first time to do test CR, 2 out of 4 is correct is far from being acceptable. Of course it could be much worse without help of this article, many thanks to SDCAR!

作者: backbone4ever 时间: 2012-2-25 18:59
标题: BTW：习题2
BTW：习题2是哪本书啊？能否把书名写出来啊？thx

作者: 单调唱 时间: 2012-3-7 16:19
发现一个问题，The director claims that this production is as similar to the original production as is possible in a modern theater。这个句子中的两个is不是导致一个句子有两个谓语了吗？还是楼主写错了？
有人能帮忙解决一下吗？

作者: littleyya 时间: 2012-3-8 22:41
many thanks for your sharing

作者: birbird11 时间: 2012-3-10 11:00
谢谢你，这个系列我会好好看的

作者: yiayia 时间: 2012-3-14 00:59
From my perspective, the main point is just another type of "opinion",which differs from the usual opinion as you state. So if you find the opinion and it contains the whole statement, you can easily conclude about the main point because the author only stands on one side.

作者: smilerongrong 时间: 2012-3-17 14:57
我会跟着一来的！～

作者: 812966141 时间: 2012-4-9 16:41
好文。对做阅读和写作帮助都很大~

作者: 812966141 时间: 2012-4-9 16:52

1) As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe (opinion). In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own (background). Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire (opposing opinion). I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective (main conclusion).

The author’s main point is that

(A) Although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds
(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherence to the truth
(C) The temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses
(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage America’s standing in Europe
(E) Disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States

As highlighted above, the flow of the argument is Author's opinion, Background, opposing opinion, conclusion. I should point out the way the main conclusion is presented is pretty unusual by using a figurative language. If you compare the opposing opinion with the author's conclusion, you would notice that effectively, the author proclaims that the opposing's opinion is wrong. And if you negate the opposing opinion, you would get the main conclusion, which states in choice E).

As for C), long-term losses are not mentioned anywhere in the passage. However, main point question is must-be-true type. So C) is wrong.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/12/31 12:20:32)

for the this question,what is the difference between the auther's opinion and his conclusion

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2012-4-9 20:16
Author's opinion: I believe in something

Author's conclusion: Whly I believe in that thing.

作者: eejqchen 时间: 2012-4-25 20:46
(B) Fluoride should be considered to be as safe and beneficial as iodine

4)why not choose B? thks!

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2012-4-25 21:46
This is a typical wrong answer type of "half right, half wrong." Does the passage talk about the safety of fluoride and iodine?

(B) Fluoride should be considered to be as safe and beneficial as iodine

4)why not choose B? thks!

-- by 会员 eejqchen (2012/4/25 20:46:17)

作者: twwzx 时间: 2012-5-4 15:43
“Many people think that Tsinghua graduates are sensitive to political issues. But that is not the case because . . .” SDCAR 你在第五章中说BUT后面的是CONCESSION. 为什么这里的BUT 之后加的是CONCLUSION 呢?

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2012-5-4 20:35
1) Common structures for arguments:
Opinion. However, conclusion. Premise.
Opinion. Although concession, conclusion. Premise.

Notice the position of the opinion. Also notice that concession can follow the keywords like but, however and although.

2) Another structure for concession:
Conclusion. But, concession.
Example: Your statements are logically correct. But you might want to pay attention to the context when analyzing the structure.

作者: twwzx 时间: 2012-5-9 14:43
太感谢了

作者: kylelewis 时间: 2012-5-19 03:11
I made two mistakes, God forbid!!
Keeping improving and many thanks to sdcar2010.

作者: happyhxl 时间: 2012-5-27 14:23
标题: about question 3

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/19 10:49:52)

作者: happyhxl 时间: 2012-5-27 14:26

3) Theater Critic: The play La Finestrina, now at Central Theater, was written in Italy in the eighteenth century (background). The director claims that this production is as similar to the original production as is possible in a modern theater (opinion). Although the actor who plays Harlequin the clown gives a performance very reminiscent of the twentieth-century American comedian Groucho Marx (concession), Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that had begun in sixteenth-century Italy (premise).The considerations given best serve as part of an argument that(A) Modern audiences would find it hard to tolerate certain characteristics of a historically accurate performance of an eighteenth-century play(B) Groucho Marx once performed the part of the character Harlequin in La Finestrina(C) In the United States the training of actors in the twentieth century is based on principles that do not differ radically from those that underlay the training of actors in eighteenth-century Italy(D) The performance of the actor who plays Harlequin in La Finestrina does not serve as evidence against the director’s claim (E) The director of La Finestrina must have advised the actor who plays Harlequin to model his performance on comic performances of Groucho MarxAs highlighted, the flow of the argument is Background, Opinion, Concession, premise. So the unstated main conclusion can be reached according to the last sentence of the argument: performance of the actor is as similar to the original old Italian style as you can get.The conclusion says that actor = Marx = acient Italian style.-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/6/19 10:49:52)

why i think the last sentence "Marx's comic style balabala" is the theater critic's opposition to the director's claim ? another question : would you please explain the question stem to me? in fact , i even don't know which question type it falls in . what does considerations mean ?why d is the answer , my opinion is 1)although is a concession which justifies the claim of the director 2) use exclusive method :a. audiences reaction not mentioned c. training not mentioned e. advise not mentioned b.no such information

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2012-5-28 21:36
Although the actor who plays Harlequin the clown gives a performance very reminiscent of the twentieth-century American comedian Groucho Marx (concession), Marx’s comic style was very much within the comic acting tradition that had begun in sixteenth-century Italy (premise).

The structure of the above sentence:
Although (concession), (opposing opinion as a premise).

Concession: the actor acts similar to Marx (who is not a 16th-centrury Italian actor himself),
Opposing opinion: Marx's style is very similar to 16th-centrury Italian acting tradition.

The deduction: the actor acts similar to 16th-centrury Italian acting atradition.
This deduction agrees with or support the director's claim. Therefore, it supports the director's claim.

Type: role

作者: wqfgmat 时间: 2012-6-4 21:27
第一天做逻辑 mark一下好激动！！！

作者: 静夜怡然 时间: 2012-7-23 23:36
I view this part most useful for the comprehensive reading part! Thx sooooo much for your work!

作者: gamine2lse 时间: 2012-7-28 18:34
thanks ,really helpful for me

作者: dianayang 时间: 2012-8-9 14:50
好贴！！顶1

作者: Amber1991 时间: 2012-9-9 21:02
顶礼膜拜专心看解释

作者: Amber1991 时间: 2012-9-10 23:19
为什么很多地方还是不明白呢。。。

作者: Amber1991 时间: 2012-9-11 22:34
看不懂继续看＝＝

作者: Amber1991 时间: 2012-9-11 23:00
应该差不多都明白了

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