The nation’s three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies.
(A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies
(B) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs that have increased at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting
(C) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, private colleges that increased their tuition costs, and recruiting improvements by the academies
(D) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs increasing at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting（A）
(E) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting
请问各位牛牛，为什么选A，考点是什么？我做到第三遍还是觉得B好，郁闷！
先在这谢谢各位了。
平行结构
B错在
1. tuition costs that have increased at private colleges 不简洁
2. academies improving their recruiting 与前面的结构不平行.
这题的考点很清楚，对称：形式对称 ＋ 含义对称 ，形式对称是指：都得是名词短语，含义对称则指：都得是表动态名词短语。
考点虽很清楚，但我做了两次也是错，我的迷惑是：到底怎么判定increasing tuition costs 和 academies improving their recruiting，谁是名词短语，谁是分词？请NN 指导。
但我觉得A中的one并无动态意义，而B中形式更对称，各位NN能不能翻译一下本题。
The nation’s three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies.
如果没有one，fueled by的修饰对象可以是a dramatic rise in applications中的核心名词rise，也可以是就近名词applications，因为两个名词在逻辑上和fueled by都讲得通，无法确定到底是哪个被修饰，而one的加入确定了fueled by的修饰对象只可能是单数名词rise，所以句子表达十分准确，是rise is fueled by ...
啊啊，真是如此，我怎么想不到呢，stoneren很神奇的说。不过还有个问题：到底怎么判定increasing tuition costs 和 academies improving their recruiting，谁是名词短语，谁是分词？请stoneren 指导。
(A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies
(B) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs that have increased at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting
A中increasing / improved实质都是形容词，核心名词分别是：costs / recruiting
B中academies improving their recruiting核心词其实也是名词：academies，improving作为后置分词修饰核心词。A/B的差异关键在于核心词的差异造成意思的改变。
谢谢stoneren，再麻烦一下：increasing tuition costs 和 academies improving their recruiting两者都既可以理解成以tuition和acdaemies为核心词的名词短语，也可以理解成tuition作increasing 的宾语的分词和academies作improving的逻辑主语的分词，怎样迅速地判断该理解成前者，还是理解成后者？
根据题意，并列的3 个部分分别是：爱国主义的苏醒，其他学校成本的增加，学院招生的改进。。。注意3个名词短语的偏重点，答案只能是A。。。。
其实平行并不需要对称的，从句也可以和短语平行（当然优先选对称），重要的就是平行的逻辑对象正确。。。B选项中的cost和acdemic都偏离了平行的重点，所以不行。
(A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies
(B) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs that have increased at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting
A中increasing / improved实质都是形容词，核心名词分别是：costs / recruiting
B中academies improving their recruiting核心词其实也是名词：academies，improving作为后置分词修饰核心词。A/B的差异关键在于核心词的差异造成意思的改变。
和stoneren 版主探讨，并请答疑：
1、我以前认为 increasing 和 increased 都可以在名词前作定语起修饰作用，只不过两者的区别在于强调施动与被动的不同，正在进行和已经完成的不同。但是白勇课上说，gmat里用increasing做名词定语的选项99%是错的，一般都用increased。而且在练习中我也发现，作位于名词前定语的increasing是很少作为正确答案的。所以，我就排除了A。我想问一下，在各位NN做题过程中，像这样increasing 做前置定语修饰名词的情况多不多？白勇讲的方法能不能用？
2、我现在有点糊涂了，increasing tuition costs at private colleges的核心词是谁？是“成本的增加”，还是“增加的成本”？如果是前者的话，我觉得是不是用 increase in tuition costs at private colleges更好？increase本身就是名词形式，难道不比ing的名词形式更简洁明确？如果是后者，我还是觉得用前置的increased，或者后置的increasing更好，修饰作用明确，没有歧义。increasing 如果做前置定语修饰一个名词，容易让人理解成是一个带了宾语的increase 的ing形式短语，这样就把核心词改变了。
3、对这个one我比较糊涂，它到底替代谁呢？是替代逗号前面的整句话，还是替代 rise ?
顶！
和stoneren 版主探讨，并请答疑：
1、我以前认为 increasing 和 increased 都可以在名词前作定语起修饰作用，只不过两者的区别在于强调施动与被动的不同，正在进行和已经完成的不同。但是白勇课上说，gmat里用increasing做名词定语的选项99%是错的，一般都用increased。而且在练习中我也发现，作位于名词前定语的increasing是很少作为正确答案的。所以，我就排除了A。我想问一下，在各位NN做题过程中，像这样increasing 做前置定语修饰名词的情况多不多？白勇讲的方法能不能用？
2、我现在有点糊涂了，increasing tuition costs at private colleges的核心词是谁？是“成本的增加”，还是“增加的成本”？如果是前者的话，我觉得是不是用 increase in tuition costs at private colleges更好？increase本身就是名词形式，难道不比ing的名词形式更简洁明确？如果是后者，我还是觉得用前置的increased，或者后置的increasing更好，修饰作用明确，没有歧义。increasing 如果做前置定语修饰一个名词，容易让人理解成是一个带了宾语的increase 的ing形式短语，这样就把核心词改变了。
3、对这个one我比较糊涂，它到底替代谁呢？是替代逗号前面的整句话，还是替代 rise ?
1－白勇再怎么说还是留给自己1%的余地，就像这题，大全里近1000道题好像也就一两道题用increasing正确的；作定语的分词和作状语的分词略有不同，尤其是过分，定语过分不仅仅可以指被动，还有可能指已经完成，而作状语的过分一般都是含有被动含义的；这里如果改成increase in tuition costs就错了，因为平行结构的核心词发生不必要的变化，注意，我强调了‘不必要’；在实战中，白勇的方法可以作为一个佐证，但尽量不要作为主要依据。
2－increasing tuition costs的结构是a. + n.这里的increasing不是名词而是形容词，核心词是n. 成本，而increase in tuition costs的结构是n. + n. 从结构上分析，核心词一般都是前一个名词，这里就是increase；作定语的现分如果结构简单，一般都是前置，只有当修饰成分是个分词短语时才用后置。
我觉得此题A不对啊！
(A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies
并列的第二项如果和by搭配的话，岂不成了by doing sth了？而此并列结构需要的是by sth.
请大家确认下！！
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