146. A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about proper medical procedures.
(A) if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify
(B) unless there will be another doctor to testify
(C) without another doctor’s testimony
(D) should there be no testimony from some other doctor(C)
(E) lacking another doctor to testify
Only C, the best choice, manages to convey the meaning of the sentence efficiently and idiomatically. Choices A and D are plagued by awkwardness and wordiness. Choice A also introduces the unidiomatic phrase lack of some other doctor. Choice B incorrectly uses a future-tense verb (will be) in the if clause; the if clause must use the present tense if it is preceded, as here, by a result clause that uses a future-tense verb (e.g., will find). Choice E introduces a dangling modifier: the lacking... phrase cannot logically modify damage, the nearest noun.
我的问题:
(1) Why ETS 认为 " lack of some other doctor" is unidiomatic ?
(2) Choice E introduces a dangling modifier: the lacking... phrase cannot logically modify damage, the nearest noun. 容易理解. 但正确答案 C 中的介词短语 without another doctor’s testimony 为何不被认为可能修饰 damage 而造成歧义. 而被肯定认为是壮语呢?
按我原来的理解, 如果名词后紧跟分词短语或介词短语( 中间没有逗号隔开), 那么该分词或介词结构应被优先视为名词的定语, 照此题看来, 这种理解错误, 或者说 without 结构是特例?
with的用法,近来比较晕
但是这里用排除法的话,e肯定是被先排除的
先谢谢 bon!
紧跟一题 OG 148
148. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency is required either to approve individual state plans for controlling the discharge of wastes into underground water or that they enforce their own plan for states without adequate regulations.
(A) that they enforce their
(B) for enforcing their
(C) they should enforce their
(D) it should enforce its(E)
(E) to enforce its
此题中, without 结构紧跟名词 states , 而被视为定语, 难道是ETS 翻手为云, 覆手为雨?
你这个例子举得很对
我也有这样的例子
19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
with修饰the rice(主)
40. In metalwork one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is that the contact, and hence the bonding, is effected continuously over a broad surface instead of a series of regularly spaced points with no bonding in between.
with修饰regularly spaced points (宾)
90。Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well
with修饰 a small basic fee.(宾)
这三个就不同,偶的想法是ETS对于with也没有确定的用法
Why ETS 认为 " lack of some other doctor" is unidiomatic ?
这里我想ETS的解释是合理的,原义要表明的是缺少医生的证据,而非医生
用lack of some other doctor的话,后面的to testify只是修饰doctor的,lack of 只能管到doctor,而没有lack of sth to do sth 的用法
至于with 和without的用法 我的理解是
(1)后面跟复合结构(名词或代词+分词)时,很明确是副词性结构,不能用来修饰名词, 如:
192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words.
(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added
(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it(C)
(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added
D offers an awkward adverbial construction, which cannot be used to modify nouns.
(2)后面跟短语时,经常用作状语,说明方式
如146
without another doctor’s testimony ---修饰difficult to prove(动作)
19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet
修饰has(动作)
90。Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well
修饰pay (动作)而非fee,否则不需要逗号
从这个意义上说,with /without 的用法和第一种一样,是修饰动作的,不是修饰名词
即使跟在宾语后面不加逗号也不会造成歧义
sb do sth with/without .....(不会有就近修饰产生歧义,因为它与do 动作很连贯)
而当sth前有介词隔开
如
40. In metalwork one advantage of adhesive-bonding over spot-welding is that the contact, and hence the bonding, is effected continuously over a broad surface rather than at a series of regularly spaced points with no bonding in between.
148. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency is required either to approve individual state plans for controlling the discharge of wastes into underground water or that they enforce their own plan for states without adequate regulations.
这时候sb do sth1 prep sth2 with /without ....
with/without 很难与DO 动作连贯,而与之前的sth2更加紧密,此时它就是修饰名词的
不知道这样说是否合理
1, "lack of sth/sb" is a idiom, it's quite strange that ETS thinks of it as unidomatic. However, "there is" wants a concrete noun while "lack" is an abstract noun. This may be the reason.
2, The phrase beginning "without" logically modifies "prove".
各位好,
根據本題句意,可以大致翻為,如果無法取得另一位醫師的證明,要控告一位醫生的不當醫療是很困難的,換言之,這裡有所謂的假設用法在其中,就選項來說,就只有A與C有假設的概念隱藏其中,而without,又正是"if there is no...."的簡潔用法,基於以上推論,當然選C,可以同時兼顧假設及簡潔的概念。
進一步看ETS的解釋,A,D太囉嗦,B選項又用錯時態,E則是改變句意(從E看不出假設的感覺),畢竟是”如果沒有另一位醫生的證明”,而非缺少醫生
我覺得本題還是從句意看比較適當,原題既已暗示有假設的概念,而剛好本題句意又確實需要這樣的概念,因此只要是比A更為簡潔,我認為可以大膽的選C
ETS的意思不是说lacking 的问题,是lacking修饰谁的问题
我们可以比较一下这两个选项的结构
C prove damage without another doctor’s testimony
E prove damage lacking another doctor to testify
prove是谓语,damage是宾语
C中,without another doctor's testimony是介宾短语做状语,它修饰的是主句的谓语动词prove
E中, lacking another doctor to testify 是现在分词做定语,修饰的是其先行词damage
所以ETS才说 Choice E introduces a dangling modifier: the lacking... phrase cannot logically modify damage, the nearest noun
先谢谢 bon!
紧跟一题 OG 148
148. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency is required either to approve individual state plans for controlling the discharge of wastes into underground water or that they enforce their own plan for states without adequate regulations.
(A) that they enforce their
(B) for enforcing their
(C) they should enforce their
(D) it should enforce its(E)
(E) to enforce its
此题中, without 结构紧跟名词 states , 而被视为定语, 难道是ETS 翻手为云, 覆手为雨?
to enforce its own plan for states without adequate regulations.
without引导介宾短语做状语修饰enforce.不是作为定语
with修饰the rice(主)
with型独立主格结构。
with型独立主格结构
with/without介词短语在句子后可能是状语成分,也可能是定于成分,主要看逻辑意思;
而分词结构紧跟句子后的名词,一般优先考虑做定语。
关于A选项,Why ETS 认为 " lack of some other doctor" is unidiomatic ?
六楼的说:
这里我想ETS的解释是合理的,原义要表明的是缺少医生的证据,而非医生
用lack of some other doctor的话,后面的to testify只是修饰doctor的,lack of 只能管到doctor,而没有lack of sth to do sth 的用法
不知道这种说法对不对,请指教!!!
我的问题:
(1) Why ETS 认为 " lack of some other doctor" is unidiomatic ?
(2) Choice E introduces a dangling modifier: the lacking... phrase cannot logically modify damage, the nearest noun. 容易理解. 但正确答案 C 中的介词短语 without another doctor’s testimony 为何不被认为可能修饰 damage 而造成歧义. 而被肯定认为是壮语呢?
按我原来的理解, 如果名词后紧跟分词短语或介词短语( 中间没有逗号隔开), 那么该分词或介词结构应被优先视为名词的定语, 照此题看来, 这种理解错误, 或者说 without 结构是特例?
问题(2)应该好说,因为介词短语本来就可以作状语,修饰动词。当然也作定语。
问题(1),ETS是对的,lack of some other doctor感觉是unidiomatic。说说个人浅见,希望对大家的讨论有帮助:
先仔细看Longman:
Lack (n.)= when there is not enough of something, or none of it; synonym: shortage
读上三遍,你就会发现,lack of 只能跟不可数名词或复数名词。把定义里something 和 it 换成doctor就更清楚:when there is not enough of a doctor, or none of a doctor,很滑稽的句子吧,似乎在说我们有a doctor但她缺点什么零件,不通吧。用doctors就通了,但放到题里意思就变了。另外,我们说none of them,不说none of him吧。
那E为什么不说unidiomatic呢?因为lack动词不一样:
Lack (v.) = to not have something that you need, or not have enough of it (Longman)
我觉得名词时,加of也就隐含着后面要跟个”可分成小份“的名词。
供参考
)
with型独立主格结构
请问:独立主格结构 在句中是什么成分?起什么作用?修饰什么?
谢谢!
看到这里,感谢楼上诸位NN的精彩讨论,让我受益匪浅。
我就上面的诸位NN的论述,说一点自己看法。
我很同意anynameNN对于lack of的解释。在我查《牛津高阶》的时候,在书里举的例子中我看到lack of 后面大多+抽象n.或物质n.( 都为不可数n.) ,然后我疑惑,是否后面可以接可数n.?当看到lack of funds时,证实了我的猜测。 而且当我看到funds时,Funds就是fund的pl.。我就出现了和anynameNN一样的想法:lack of 只能跟不可数名词或复数名词。若lack of 后面单数n.时,意思就会很怪。但是这只是心里的想法,不敢肯定。
anynameNN的论述让我找到了知音。
关于蓝色泡泡在6楼的论述,我感觉是下了一些功夫的,我也颇有心得。但是我觉得蓝色泡泡在举例子时,把独立主格成分的句子混在里面,很难说明问题。因为独立主格与主句间有逗号,而且独立主格本身就做状语。本题的( C ) without another doctor’s testimony与未划线部分之间没有逗号。所以不能用独立主格的例子来说明with短语在句中一般都做状语,只有…才做定语。
如 OG 141(B和D),with前就没有逗号,with就修饰了最近的n.(identical twins),引发了OG解释和大家对于限定非限定修饰的讨论。
141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.
A. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
B. Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment
C. Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment
D. Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment
E. Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
OG解释说:In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical.
明确指出with修饰最近的n.(identical twins)。
我同意colacat mm 在12楼的分析。
我同意rt316前辈的论述:
with/without介词短语在句子后可能是状语成分,也可能是定于成分,主要看逻辑意思;
而分词结构紧跟句子后的名词,一般优先考虑做定语。
所以我认为C项并不完美,而是别的选项都有致命缺陷后的相对优的选项。C项的歧义:修饰damage (可以误认为:没有另一个医生的证明的损害)。
当然,从逻辑意思考虑,明眼人一看就知道with短语在句中是做状语的。但这是SC题,而不是RC题,所以就要钻一下牛角尖(正如:火山爆发那题和亚历山大的图书馆那题一样)。
一点拙见:there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about…之所以unidiomatic,除了前面同学们讨论到的lack的错误外,和动词不定式不能作定语有关。我试着把六楼蓝色泡泡的说法再理论化一点。
我们都知道,there be后面要跟名词或名词短语。由于动词不定式不能作定语修饰前置名词,所以这就是OG说A选项unidiomatic的主要原因。如果把动词不定式换为分词短语,如果不考虑lack的使用错误,我想至少在语法上应该是正确的。虽然还存在wordiness等一些不足。
不知思路是否正确,请同学们多多指教。
一点拙见:there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about…之所以unidiomatic,除了前面同学们讨论到的lack的错误外,和动词不定式不能作定语有关。我试着把六楼蓝色泡泡的说法再理论化一点。
我们都知道,there be后面要跟名词或名词短语。由于动词不定式不能作定语修饰前置名词,所以这就是OG说A选项unidiomatic的主要原因。如果把动词不定式换为分词短语,如果不考虑lack的使用错误,我想至少在语法上应该是正确的。虽然还存在wordiness等一些不足。
不知思路是否正确,请同学们多多指教。
根据薄冰语法,不定式是可以做定语的
如ability to do/agreement to to/ambition to do等
还有a room to live in等等
顶一下!就快考试了,谁来解答我的问题啊?谢谢!
其实WITH,WITHOUT,在句中和句尾,有无逗号在前确实有不同的修饰,也比较复杂.
我觉得这道题有两个谓语而且挨得很近,所以若WITHOUT前加了逗号,那就会产生歧义修饰前一个动词,所以在两全之下,是修饰名词产生歧义和修饰动词产生歧义之下,选择避免修饰前一个动词的歧义,因为这个更严重! 从句子整体考虑可能也是一个方法?
c.without another doctor's testimony 作定语修饰damage
类似于C的这种结构在OG中也出现过很多次作定语修饰名词的时候;
那为什么e.lacking another doctor to testify为什么不能修饰damage呢?
从逻辑意思上分析:说缺少证词来证明damage的damage是符合逻辑的(好拗口,呵呵)
但说一个damage缺少医生就不符合逻辑了。
问题(2)应该好说,因为介词短语本来就可以作状语,修饰动词。当然也作定语。
问题(1),ETS是对的,lack of some other doctor感觉是unidiomatic。说说个人浅见,希望对大家的讨论有帮助:
先仔细看Longman:
Lack (n.)= when there is not enough of something, or none of it; synonym: shortage
读上三遍,你就会发现,lack of 只能跟不可数名词或复数名词。把定义里something 和 it 换成doctor就更清楚:when there is not enough of a doctor, or none of a doctor,很滑稽的句子吧,似乎在说我们有a doctor但她缺点什么零件,不通吧。用doctors就通了,但放到题里意思就变了。另外,我们说none of them,不说none of him吧。
那E为什么不说unidiomatic呢?因为lack动词不一样:
Lack (v.) = to not have something that you need, or not have enough of it (Longman)
我觉得名词时,加of也就隐含着后面要跟个”可分成小份“的名词。
供参考
为什么复数doctors放到题里,意思就变了?
关于A选项,Why ETS 认为 " lack of some other doctor" is unidiomatic ?
六楼的说:
这里我想ETS的解释是合理的,原义要表明的是缺少医生的证据,而非医生
用lack of some other doctor的话,后面的to testify只是修饰doctor的,lack of 只能管到doctor,而没有lack of sth to do sth 的用法
不知道这种说法对不对,请指教!!!
从逻辑上来看我认为是对的,但是从OG的解释来看恐怕重点不在这里,OG整个就否定了lack of some other doctor这种表达方式.可能ets认为lack of后面还是加抽象名词会更加合适吧.
看到这里,感谢楼上诸位NN的精彩讨论,让我受益匪浅。
我就上面的诸位NN的论述,说一点自己看法。
我很同意anynameNN对于lack of的解释。在我查《牛津高阶》的时候,在书里举的例子中我看到lack of 后面大多+抽象n.或物质n.( 都为不可数n.) ,然后我疑惑,是否后面可以接可数n.?当看到lack of funds时,证实了我的猜测。
而且当我看到funds时,Funds就是fund的pl.。我就出现了和anynameNN一样的想法:lack of 只能跟不可数名词或复数名词。若lack of 后面单数n.时,意思就会很怪。但是这只是心里的想法,不敢肯定。
anynameNN的论述让我找到了知音。
关于蓝色泡泡在6楼的论述,我感觉是下了一些功夫的,我也颇有心得。但是我觉得蓝色泡泡在举例子时,把独立主格成分的句子混在里面,很难说明问题。因为独立主格与主句间有逗号,而且独立主格本身就做状语。本题的( C ) without another doctor’s testimony与未划线部分之间没有逗号。所以不能用独立主格的例子来说明with短语在句中一般都做状语,只有…才做定语。
如 OG 141(B和D),with前就没有逗号,with就修饰了最近的n.(identical twins),引发了OG解释和大家对于限定非限定修饰的讨论。
141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.
A. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
B. Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment
C. Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment
D. Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment
E. Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
OG解释说:In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical.
明确指出with修饰最近的n.(identical twins)。
我同意colacat mm 在12楼的分析。
我同意rt316前辈的论述:
with/without介词短语在句子后可能是状语成分,也可能是定于成分,主要看逻辑意思;
而分词结构紧跟句子后的名词,一般优先考虑做定语。
所以我认为C项并不完美,而是别的选项都有致命缺陷后的相对优的选项。C项的歧义:修饰damage (可以误认为:没有另一个医生的证明的损害)。
当然,从逻辑意思考虑,明眼人一看就知道with短语在句中是做状语的。但这是SC题,而不是RC题,所以就要钻一下牛角尖(正如:火山爆发那题和亚历山大的图书馆那题一样)。
这个说的有理,更加清晰了,up!!!
各位好,
根據本題句意,可以大致翻為,如果無法取得另一位醫師的證明,要控告一位醫生的不當醫療是很困難的,換言之,這裡有所謂的假設用法在其中,就選項來說,就只有A與C有假設的概念隱藏其中,而without,又正是"if there is no...."的簡潔用法,基於以上推論,當然選C,可以同時兼顧假設及簡潔的概念。
進一步看ETS的解釋,A,D太囉嗦,B選項又用錯時態,E則是改變句意(從E看不出假設的感覺),畢竟是”如果沒有另一位醫生的證明”,而非缺少醫生
我覺得本題還是從句意看比較適當,原題既已暗示有假設的概念,而剛好本題句意又確實需要這樣的概念,因此只要是比A更為簡潔,我認為可以大膽的選C
一点拙见:there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about…之所以unidiomatic,除了前面同学们讨论到的lack的错误外,和动词不定式不能作定语有关。我试着把六楼蓝色泡泡的说法再理论化一点。
我们都知道,there be后面要跟名词或名词短语。由于动词不定式不能作定语修饰前置名词,所以这就是OG说A选项unidiomatic的主要原因。如果把动词不定式换为分词短语,如果不考虑lack的使用错误,我想至少在语法上应该是正确的。虽然还存在wordiness等一些不足。
不知思路是否正确,请同学们多多指教。
根据薄冰语法P500, There be 后可以跟不定式的如: (摘录薄冰语法书)
1 There's plenty of housework to do.
2 There was no one for us to talk to.
甚至可以跟从句:
eg: There's some people I'd like you to meet.
各位好,
根據本題句意,可以大致翻為,如果無法取得另一位醫師的證明,要控告一位醫生的不當醫療是很困難的,換言之,這裡有所謂的假設用法在其中,就選項來說,就只有A與C有假設的概念隱藏其中,而without,又正是"if there is no...."的簡潔用法,基於以上推論,當然選C,可以同時兼顧假設及簡潔的概念。
進一步看ETS的解釋,A,D太囉嗦,B選項又用錯時態,E則是改變句意(從E看不出假設的感覺),畢竟是”如果沒有另一位醫生的證明”,而非缺少醫生
我覺得本題還是從句意看比較適當,原題既已暗示有假設的概念,而剛好本題句意又確實需要這樣的概念,因此只要是比A更為簡潔,我認為可以大膽的選C
很经典!很经典!
57. A patient accusing a doctor of malpractice will find it difficult to prove damage if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify about proper medical procedures.
(A) if there is a lack of some other doctor to testify
(B) unless there will be another doctor to testify
(C) without another doctor's testimony
(D) should there be no testimony from some other doctor
(E) lacking another doctor to testify
我认为 a lack of some other doctor 的问题出在some other 上面。你可以说a lack of doctor ,可以说a lack of female doctor但是不能说a lack of some (or some other)doctor.因为some 和some other 本身就是没有定义的开放集合。
我的问题是,按照解释OG10的解释,明显是把E 看成定语 不合逻辑的修饰damage.这个很好理解。但是如果把E理解成状语,那这句话就没有什么错啊。甚至可以和C一样前置,句子也是成立的。
RichardSong 发表于 2006-5-6 15:50
c.without another doctor's testimony 作定语修饰damage类似于C的这种结构在OG中也出现过很多次作定语修饰 ...
欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.3 |