C：The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends;，不是中间结论
记得狒狒网络课堂上的可乐的那个题目没？
跟这题很类似，题目中就说可乐使人致病是intermediate，所以这题的C好像也是对的。不知道大家如何理解。大家讨论
Q16:
Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
Answer is D; I choose B; because I regard the sencond boldface as the conclusion of Historian.
偶本来也选B，但是看了答案后，可能应该这样理解：
原来的结论是“ It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent”那么由however，推出现在的结论是“these discoveries were dependent”所以第二个黑体部分就不可以看成是结论，而是论据。
从这题和上次一题，http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=24&ID=54618&page=1，偶发现做这类题目的关键是分清前后的论点是什么。这个让偶想到的阅读中的问题，一般后面的结论通过转折词对前面的取非得到。
这是做这两题的后的感觉，不确定，下次再碰到类似的题目验证一下。记得一定要贴出来分享哦。
Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false(这个结论是historian不同意的结论). A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented(这是historian的结论，怎么是个Evidence不懂？？）.
A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented(这是historian的结论，怎么是个Evidence不懂？？）.
试着翻译一下，看看有没有帮助：
然而，需要得出一个比这个（指上文反对的结论）更为谨慎的结论。L的记录只限于N著作中的早期部分，这部分早于N发表微积分概念和演算法的部分。
我选D，总结论是： A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. （作者说L和N学术研究不相关）
总结论反对的结论是 it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false（作者说L和N学术研究相关）
整个文章推论是：传统观点认为L和N学术研究不相关——》发现证据证明两者有关联——》提出结论1（it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false）——》反对结论1（总结论：A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however。由however辨别）——》提出反对结论1的理由
You may think it in this way: however, a more cautious conclusion is called for, since Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
Instead of presenting the conclusion, the portion on boldface explains why we need a more cautious approach.
it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false是个被反对的结论，所以第一个黑体字是支持a criticized conclusion.这样，只有D和E。
E根本就无关，所以只有D。A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.是作者的结论。
请指正。
weiyu斑竹还没睡呢，呵呵
我刚看完欧洲杯，上来看看的。weiyu斑竹不会也是吧
弱弱的问一下，有没有人选C啊？
我认为这个历史学家不是简单的同意传统观点或者新观点，而是有综合了二者的新看法，否则他干吗说 A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. ？这里的more cautious conclusion是旧观点吗？我认为不是
当然楼上各位说的D我认为也有一定的道理，我只是觉得有必要认真的讨论一下C
作者似乎隐含了自己的结论在后面的讨论中。Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented. 这句就能判断作者一定是支持旧观点吗？
不好意思，偶选了C。但是后来发现自己没有好好读题。
我觉得作者的结论是：这个问题需要更谨慎的考虑。他既没说同意莱抄袭，也没说同意他独立完成。
所以我一度认为两个都是支持作者结论的依据。
他什么都没说？？
哈哈
A：The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends， 错
B：同A
C：The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends;，不是中间结论
D：正确
E： the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.，不是支持的，是相反观点的支持
记得上新东方阅读课的时候，老师讲文章中有多次转折，以最后一次为准，最后一次的转折词后面表达作者观点，前面的转折“千万别当真”，虽然是阅读中的方法，但我觉得在做boldface题中可以借鉴一下
请指正
C：The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends;，不是中间结论
记得狒狒网络课堂上的可乐的那个题目没？
跟这题很类似，题目中就说可乐使人致病是intermediate，所以这题的C好像也是对的。不知道大家如何理解。大家讨论
C：The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends;，不是中间结论
记得狒狒网络课堂上的可乐的那个题目没？
跟这题很类似，题目中就说可乐使人致病是intermediate，所以这题的C好像也是对的。不知道大家如何理解。大家讨论
我也选c乐。。。都是狒狒的思路害了偶。。。555
不过到现在还没想通，为什么c不对。。。ntermediate哪里不对了？？？
有点明白了！谢谢~
就是说，这个中间结论一定要是最终结论的中间结论吧！不是说，他在中间就是中间结论的哈。。。
哎呀~笨死了
A：The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends， 错
B：同A
C：The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide
support for the overall position that the historian defends;，不是中间结论
D：正确
E： the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.，
不是支持的，是相反观点的支持
Agree with ethyl
Choice E 裡的
substantiates 在OG11th RC 裡的解釋是,
provide evidence that verifies the theory.
You may think it in this way: however, a more cautious conclusion is called for, since
Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
Instead of presenting the conclusion, the portion on boldface explains why we need a more cautious approach.
您的解释一语道破天机，我原来选ｅ，现在明白啦！
Historian:
since the book includes a presentation of
注意文中的承接词所表达的语气，说明，历史学家不赞成several scholars的说法，第一句粗体字是scholars所引用的证据，第二句粗体字是历史学家表明自己立场的证据。
An intermediate conclusion is something in an argument that functions both as a reason and as a conclusion.
To function as a reason, it must offer support to the main conclusion of the argument (or to another intermediate conclusion).
To function as a conclusion, there must be something else in the argument that lends it support.
Take, for example, the following argument: “Your face is covered in chocolate, so it must have been you that ate my cake, so you owe me a cake.” The main conclusion of this argument is the final clause: “You owe me a cake.” This is supported by the previous clause, which is therefore functioning as a reason, “it must have been you that ate my cake.” This clause, though, is also supported by the previous clause, “Your face is covered in chocolate”, so it is both a conclusion and a reason; it is an intermediate conclusion.
The main reason that you need to know what an
| 第ㄧ個BF說這個有關牛頓微積分的萊布尼茲的筆記是寫在萊布尼茲的微積分概念方法的發展之前 所以就提供了證明傳統的觀點是錯的 也就是萊布尼茲不是自己想的 第二個BF說萊布尼茲的筆記的內容都侷限在牛頓早期書裡的部份 而這部份比牛頓的微積分概念方法還要出現的早 那不就ㄧ定比萊不尼茲更早嗎? 也就是更近ㄧ步的證明第ㄧ個BF提到的筆記 那不是應該是E嗎 頭好痛 |
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