17. Since the introduction of the Impanian National Health Scheme, Impanians (or their private insurance companies) have had to pay only for the more unusual and sophisticated medical procedures. When the scheme was introduced, it was hoped that private insurance to pay for these procedures would be available at modest cost, since the insurers would no longer be paying for the bulk of health care costs, as they had done previously. Paradoxically, however, the cost of private health insurance did not decrease but has instead increased dramatically in the years since the scheme抯 introduction.
Which one of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently paradoxical outcome?
(A) The National Health scheme has greatly reduced the number of medical claims handled annually by Impania's private insurers, enabling these firms to reduce overhead costs substantially.
(B) Before the National Health scheme was introduced, more than 80 percent of all Impanian medical costs were associated with procedures that are now covered by the scheme.
(C) Impanians who previously were unable to afford regular medical treatment now use the National Health scheme, but the number of Impanians with private health insurance has not increased.
(D) Impanians now buy private medical insurance only at times when they expect that they will need care of kinds not available in the National Health scheme.
(E) The proportion of total expenditures within Impania that is spent on health care has declined since the introduction of the National Health scheme.
如何理解答案D. 为何“not availabe in the National Health scheme”
.即在national health scheme里没有涵盖的那些unusual and sophiscated medical procedures.
答案D的意思是，这个impanians现在仅仅在觉得需要特殊的医疗支出时才购买保险，即为了复杂和昂贵的治疗时才购买。自然这样的项目的保险要贵了。
解释题型实际上是削弱题的一种变形，一个原因导致了一个并非期望的结果。题目的答案就是要找出导致这种意外结果的他因。
此题中，平均保险费的高低取决于收入大于支出的幅度。收入即是收取的保费总额，支出就是赔付的医疗费用。文章中只是考虑到支出的减少，没有考虑到收入可能由于购买保险情形的减少而受到的负面影响。这也就是答案中说明的情况。
1。文章的矛盾点在：hoped that private insurance to pay for these procedures would be available at modest cost------the cost of private health insurance did not decrease but has instead increased dramatically
2。文章并没有说支出减少，只是HOPE。相反，实际上就是增加了。
3.D的意思是：人们只在需要这些特别项目时才买保险。并不能推出保险公司的收入减少。
4。我认为关键在对文章最后一句话的理解：THE COST OF PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE DID NOT DECREASE BUT。。。
其中的COST是指什麽？是指“个人平均支付的保险费”，还是“保险公司支付的成本”
5。难以理解的是：THE COST OF PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE 在SCHEME 引入之前是指什麽，引入后指什麽？是指保险公司支付的医疗费吗？
再仔细理解一下文章。
我也觉得题目有问题。。。
偶是这样理解的,错了GG千万别仍鸡蛋啊?!!千万! 切记!
保险公司收的钱是被保险人缴纳的保费, cost是向被保险人支付的保险金
如果被保险人的保险这么有的放矢,也就是说因为知道自己就要花钱了(unusual and sophiscated medical procedures),所以才投保,那么保险公司每收一笔钱就意味着它肯定要赔付的,那么cost当然就上涨了(普通情况下,保险公司赌的就是事情不发生的机率,而在这种情况下,机率几乎为零)
我基于上述考虑,选的D
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