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标题: 关于more than做同位语的疑问 [打印本页]

作者: 小甜菜的宝宝    时间: 2011-5-11 21:40
标题: 关于more than做同位语的疑问
Bihar is India’s poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than in the most impoverished countries of the world.
(A) lower than in
(B) lower than that of
(C) and lower than that of
(D) which is lower than in
(E) which is lower than it is in
这一题答案是B.比较结构和下面一题非常类似


More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh

water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

A是正确选项,语法笔记说more than 是同位语。可是这个正确的A选项为什么没有that of呢,为何把水量和湖比呢 。
作者: huangyouhuifei    时间: 2011-5-11 23:34
which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water是有双逗号隔开的,是非限制性修饰语,把它拿走后句意不变。
More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined。
more than all the North American Great Lakes combined修饰前面整句话。
例如:
Last year over 10000 students graduated from Peking university, more than all the universities in Japan combined.
More than 10 students in class A were accepted by Oxford university, one of the top universities, more than 5 other classes combined.

供讨论~
作者: 小甜菜的宝宝    时间: 2011-5-12 13:20
这样看来这是个好特别的比较啊~~楼上的例句我google不到,是出自哪里呢
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2011-5-12 13:47
lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the great lakes combined.
lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than that of all the great lakes combined.
日常中都对,第一句里than是连词,第二句里than是介词,不过GMAT倾向第一种表达。

从GMAT对于比较的使用原则 --> “比较的属性”来看,是两个句子含义的比较,所以后面要用主语,而不是用宾语,所以应该用第一句。
关于比较属性的含义可以参见这个帖子:
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-537203-1-1.html
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2011-5-12 13:53
Last year over 10000 students graduated from Peking university, more than all the universities in Japan combined.
More than 10 students in class A were accepted by Oxford university, one of the top universities, more than 5 other classes combined.

供讨论~
-- by 会员 huangyouhuifei (2011/5/11 23:34:07)


这两个句子不太符合GMAT语法.
至少在第二个more than后面是要补出介词的。
作者: huangyouhuifei    时间: 2011-5-12 15:24
<1> 谢谢斑竹指出错误!
<2> 谈谈我的看法:
lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the great lakes combined.
lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than that of all the great lakes combined.
日常中都对,第一句里than是连词,第二句里than是介词,不过GMAT倾向第一种表达。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/12 13:47:41)





前者"more than all the great lakes combined"修饰前面整个句子,但它作用于主语lake baikal。
后者that没有可比对象,所以错。比较中要想使用that/those,必须前面有NOUN's X或X of NOUN。比如:
China's population is greater than that of America.正确
The population of China is greater than that of America.正确(比前一句好,因为平行,也因为China是物不是人)
My apple is bigger than that of Ann.正确
希望跟大家讨论,向大家学习~
作者: huangyouhuifei    时间: 2011-5-12 15:44
这样看来这是个好特别的比较啊~~楼上的例句我google不到,是出自哪里呢
-- by 会员 小甜菜的宝宝 (2011/5/12 13:20:55)


<1> 对不起,例句是自己编的。根据斑竹的指点,这个例子错误。
<2> 对不起,没仔细看你的问题“可是这个正确的A选项为什么没有that of呢”。根据我的理解:
如果有that of,就成了More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, more than that of all the North American Great Lakes combined.
that需要比较对象,而前半句中没有。that的正确比较对象应该是Lake Baikal's X或者X of Lake Baikal,前半句中没有这个东西,所以缺乏比较对象。300 rivers、Lake Baikal都不是that的合理比较对象。五大湖的什么什么应该与Baikal的什么什么相比。
作者: huangyouhuifei    时间: 2011-5-12 15:53
这两个句子不太符合GMAT语法.
至少在第二个more than后面是要补出介词的。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/12 13:53:43)



<1>这两个例子确实有问题,我先作检讨。
<2>我想了想,现在认为:
逗号之后的内容应该作用于主句的主语,就像“lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the great lakes combined.”中一样。
例如:Jimmy ate more than 20 apples today, more than all his classmates combined.正确
<3>我想这两个错句子这样改一改就对了:
Last year Peking university accepted over 10000 students, more than all the universities in Japan combined.
Class A sent more than 10 students to Oxford university, one of the top universities, more than 5 other classes combined.

希望版主大人confirm或指出错误之处!
作者: 小甜菜的宝宝    时间: 2011-5-12 19:15
非常感谢huangyouhuifei大侠和斑竹大侠! 比较真是深奥啊!
作者: 小甜菜的宝宝    时间: 2011-5-12 19:44
仔细想了想,我觉得还是有点问题
huangyouhuifei说“which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water是有双逗号隔开的,是非限制性修饰语,把它拿走后句意不变。”然后剩下
More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined。
more than all the North American Great Lakes combined修饰前面整句话。

而斑竹改写”lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the great lakes combined.“

到底more than是谁的同位语?

另外我觉得huangyouhuifei新写的三个句子还是有问题,prep的题目中之所以可以句子和句子比较,是因为句子描述的是湖的属性,湖的含水量。而你编写的三个句子,苹果不是人的属性,学生不是学校和班级的属性,不可以随便这样把有主谓两个名词的句子含义作比较的。虽然这样比较也不会有歧义。。。哎呀不知道咯
作者: huangyouhuifei    时间: 2011-5-13 21:34
仔细想了想,我觉得还是有点问题
huangyouhuifei说“which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water是有双逗号隔开的,是非限制性修饰语,把它拿走后句意不变。”然后剩下
More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined。
more than all the North American Great Lakes combined修饰前面整句话。

而斑竹改写”lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the great lakes combined.“

到底more than是谁的同位语?

另外我觉得huangyouhuifei新写的三个句子还是有问题,prep的题目中之所以可以句子和句子比较,是因为句子描述的是湖的属性,湖的含水量。而你编写的三个句子,苹果不是人的属性,学生不是学校和班级的属性,不可以随便这样把有主谓两个名词的句子含义作比较的。虽然这样比较也不会有歧义。。。哎呀不知道咯
-- by 会员 小甜菜的宝宝 (2011/5/12 19:44:29)



<1>我觉得逗号后面的部分主要是modifier,不是comparison。
<2>若非要按照属性的说法,那学校的属性是入学学生数,班级的属性是升学学生数。
<3>gmat里面是选无歧义、简洁的表达,不管什么规则,无论是新东方那一套也好或者其他门派的规则,都是死的,而语言是活的,gmat语法也是活的,并且gmac的喜好在不断变化之中(虽然短期内变化得不多)。这些规则,是研究gmat的老师或同学们大量做题之后,把相似的题目放到一起寻找规律找出来的,如果换了我们自己去找,会得到同样的规律,首先这些规律是符合correctness和effectiveness的总原则的,但这并不是因为有了这些规律所以正确选项正确,错误选项错误。而是因为既正确又简明的表达长得很相像,也就是说,要想表达同一个意思,最简明的方式就是那一个或那几个,所以才导致了符合这个规律的多数都是正确答案,因此多数情况下用大家总结规律来做题,是没有问题的,但还是有些情况是有问题的。而要是始终以简明、无歧义为指导思想来做题,全部都是正确的。我觉得这是大多数native speaker的做题方式。在OG12上的解释中,反复出现awkward、redundant、wordy之类的东西,我觉得就是这个意思。有可能两个句子都是正确的,但是其中一个就是比另一个好。比如:<1>我在北京住<2>我是一个住在北京的人;<1>去年物价上涨了<2>去年发生了物价上涨这件事。虽然<1><2>都对,但明显<1>好于<2>。
<4>所以我认为学习gmat语法主要还在于把握两个东西,一是英语的习惯表达,美国人写文章喜欢用哪些句型,不喜欢用哪些句型,喜欢这样写,不喜欢那样写;二是要迎合gmac的偏好,有些正确答案出现怪结构,质疑它是徒劳的,它说对就是对的,因为最终是它说了算,我们只需要知道长成这样的选项是对的,长成那样的选项是错的就够了。

这是我的一点想法,批判性的看就好,每个人都有每个人的一套东西,找到自己适合的那一套方式最重要:-)
作者: 小甜菜的宝宝    时间: 2011-5-13 21:56
建立语感比总结规律,前者当然是每个人的期待更是最后出国学习必备素质吧。。。但是短期内要伪装成高分好学生,我不得不刨根问底搞清楚主谓宾补语法点啊~~运个气就能飞花走石的大师当然妙,可怜我才进入学习一招一式的小武夫阶段,嘿嘿
不过怪结构纠结太久对现在的我来说也是不明智的。。。罢了罢了,记住就好~~~谢谢楼上指导!
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2011-5-14 03:49
<1>这两个例子确实有问题,我先作检讨。
<2>我想了想,现在认为:
逗号之后的内容应该作用于主句的主语,就像“lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the great lakes combined.”中一样。
例如:Jimmy ate more than 20 apples today, more than all his classmates combined.正确
<3>我想这两个错句子这样改一改就对了:
Last year Peking university accepted over 10000 students, more than all the universities in Japan combined.
Class A sent more than 10 students to Oxford university, one of the top universities, more than 5 other classes combined.

希望版主大人confirm或指出错误之处!
-- by 会员 huangyouhuifei (2011/5/12 15:53:47)




嗯,这样就对了,很精彩的三个句子,huangyouhuifei语感强大,思路清晰,颇有大牛风范!

to 小甜菜的宝宝:
(1)more than不是同位语,同位语根据定义是名词,这里more than 引导的成分只是一个adverbial modifier。因为more than是比较结构,所以more than后面怎么补出可以根据比较结构的规则来判断。
(2)我们判断的不是属性,而是是谁在比较,是整句概念的比较还是局部概念的比较:
原句加上hangyouhuifei的三个句子:
Lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the great lakes combined
Jimmy ate more than 20 apples today, more than all his classmates combined.
Last year Peking university accepted over 10000 students, more than all the universities in Japan combined.
Class A sent more than 10 students to Oxford university, one of the top universities, more than 5 other classes combined.
前面的比较对象是“Lake baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water”这整件事情,后面就要用同样的事情来平行,而因为谓语宾语都是一致的,所以可以省略,留下主语all the great lakes combined。
其他三个句子同理。
作者: 小甜菜的宝宝    时间: 2011-5-14 08:53
后面就要用同样的事情来平行
恩!清楚啦!像牛牛们致敬!学习!
作者: huangyouhuifei    时间: 2011-5-14 15:29
谢谢斑竹!跟斑竹等NN相比,我差距还很大,还需继续学习。不过回答CD上的问题确实能使自己思考更深入。
关于此题,我搜索到GMAT大神Ron的解释:-):
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/more-than-300-rivers-drain-into-t5054.html
作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-3-8 11:53
谢谢斑竹和各路NN的讨论,收获太大了~
作者: mongmong    时间: 2012-5-23 14:23
谢谢斑竹!跟斑竹等NN相比,我差距还很大,还需继续学习。不过回答CD上的问题确实能使自己思考更深入。
关于此题,我搜索到GMAT大神Ron的解释:-):
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/more-than-300-rivers-drain-into-t5054.html
-- by 会员 huangyouhuifei (2011/5/14 15:29:06)

这个链接太给力了
作者: dxfy3572    时间: 2015-10-25 15:53
讨论很精彩,做题过程中发现对 ", more than"理解比较模糊,找到这个贴真开心!!!
作者: tina885386121    时间: 2016-1-30 13:31
引用Ron大神的回复,A可以看做主语进行比较但不完美,改为Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20%水量 more than 北美湖 do就完美了.
(a) you can view this correctly as a comparison involving the extent of the word "hold".
i.e., lake baikal holds ... more than all the great lakes combined.
(in the same way as you'd write i wrote a longer paper than my brother --> this would be considered a valid construction, since it's unambiguous)

i would certainly like the sentence better if it were written as "... more than DO all the great lakes combined", but, hey, nobody's perfect. there are definitely correct answers that are worse than this one.
作者: ianwyb    时间: 2016-9-26 13:21
Ron大神说了,neither "lake" nor "water"would be a legitimate referent for this modifier -- you couldn't say "the lake is more than...", but neither could you say "the water is more than..."
this sentence will only make sense if the modifier is allowed to modify the preceding clause, which talks about holding water (because "holding more" actually makes sense).
if you are talking about choice (d) or choice (e), note that the modifiers in those choices are modifiers that modify nouns, not clauses. that's a problem in this case.

所以我理解的是,这里more than是同位语,修饰前面的句子意思,(就是which不能干的那件事情),和suggesting......用法类似。

在这里more than all the North American Great Lakes combined的主语应该是前面整句话的意思--" Siberia's Lake Baikal holds water more than all the North American Great Lakes combined."




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