ChaseDream

标题: 求问：prep187，（more than 后面啥事要补出主谓）跪求NN解答。。。 [打印本页]

作者: chinasharon 时间: 2011-4-17 19:36
标题: 求问：prep187，（more than 后面啥事要补出主谓）跪求NN解答。。。
prep#2 --187
187
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic） determinants of fertility.
答案为D.would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
我在网上查看的几乎全是说：“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”
还有大全的10也是：
大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C
（大全10也是补出了主谓）
但是我做到prep#2 197的时候就大大的郁闷了。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.
A.   a greater proportion than it was
B.   a greater proportion than
C.   a greater proportion than they have been
D.   which is greater than was so
E.   which is greater than it has been
（虽然别的选项我也知道哪里不对，但是它的答案是B，这个答案是在说明前两道题的答案选A也是对的！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！）
我实在是搞不明白了，求nn指教。。。。
（马上就要考试了，可能是自己的底子还是太薄了吧，正确率老是很低。。。这不知道该咋办了，求好心的nn能帮我解答这几道题，在此感激不尽）

作者: chinasharon 时间: 2011-4-17 19:58
没人理哇。。桑心了~~算啦，自己占个沙发吧

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-4-17 21:33
最近我也思考了一下这个问题，感觉以前的解释不是很对，在此我把自己的想法贴上，大家一起讨论:
OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E) rice has a protein higher in quality than

In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein(是指In addition to having more protein than wheat does这个从句里面) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

从OG对E的解释可以看出，用than that in wheat或than does wheat都可以，但这并不能说明在其他的比较结构中也能用that in，而不是用主谓(宾)结构来与than前面的结构平行。在这个句子里：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。具体原因如下：

在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。其实是和这个句子类似的：Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in production history.

而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

再比如这个句子：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少（注意不是比较fat的属性），所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式，不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。（这个句子不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略?逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。）

不过要注意一个现象，有时候省略会到让人不可思议的程度，比如只留下某个句子的成分的一部分，比如这个题只留下宾语的一个修饰成分：
According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.
可以发现比较的是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是babies，而此时比较成分前后就宾语不同，那么可以就补出宾语，而宾语里相同的成分可以进一步省略，就补出宾语的修饰词。

另外：
比较的中心是什么，后面应该补出的内容就是什么：
In no other historical sighting did Halley’s comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911.
A. did its return in 1910-1911
B. had its 1910-1911 return
C. in its return of 1910-1911
D. its return of 1910-1911 did
E. its return in 1910-1911
key: C
比较的是前后两个句子发生时间的属性，主谓宾动词时态均一致，所以只要补出状语即可。

注意一个比较特殊的题：
2-96 There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels: more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990.
(A) generated through wind power now than it was
(B) generated through wind power now as it was
(C) generated through wind power now as was the case
(D) now generated through wind power as it was
(E) now generated through wind power than was the case
key: C
首先这个题目因为时态的转变必须补出was，其次比较对象是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是energy，所以不用that来补出，但是却又不能用it来指代主语，所以就只能用as was the case了。

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-4-17 22:19
prep#2 --187
187
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic） determinants of fertility.
答案为D.would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
我在网上查看的几乎全是说：“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”
还有大全的10也是：
大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C
（大全10也是补出了主谓）
这两题，我现在看来并不是因为“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”：
第一题比较的是demographers和they的属性，因为时态的变化，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。（参见比较之庖丁解牛）
第二题的比较中如果省略了it was，那么five years ago这个状语有可能是修饰making去的。

但是我做到prep#2 197的时候就大大的郁闷了。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.
A. a greater proportion than it was
B. a greater proportion than
C. a greater proportion than they have been
D. which is greater than was so
E. which is greater than it has been
（虽然别的选项我也知道哪里不对，但是它的答案是B，这个答案是在说明前两道题的答案选A也是对的！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！）
这里a greater proportion than后面依旧是可以补出it had been，that或着不补出，in any previous election已经明确是介词短语，不给使读者产生” a greater proportion”和“in any previous election”比较的歧义，所以就不需要补出了。

作者: Gail小M 时间: 2011-4-17 22:48

.....表示相当滴同意！

作者: dengts 时间: 2011-4-18 10:15
精彩！

作者: chinasharon 时间: 2011-4-18 18:44
太感谢版主大人啦！！！！！！！！！！！！！

作者: wudiyeah 时间: 2011-4-19 01:06
根据我自己曾经的总结就是：
比较级...than 直接跟 now (before) 是会有歧义的，也就是比较对象会被认为是直接与 “now”或“before”比较
但是比较级...than + 介词短语是可以的，因为其实是比较级...than (it be) + 介词短语，符合比较结构的省略形式，比较对象的概念还是对等的

作者: shallowshade 时间: 2011-4-22 22:32
跪谢斑竹的精彩解释啊，后天就要考了，看过之后，醍醐灌顶啊！！！

作者: 苏格拉底屠夫 时间: 2011-5-11 08:38
斑竹不愧是斑竹···········

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-5-12 13:31

根据我自己曾经的总结就是：
比较级...than 直接跟 now (before) 是会有歧义的，也就是比较对象会被认为是直接与 “now”或“before”比较
但是比较级...than + 介词短语是可以的，因为其实是比较级...than (it be) + 介词短语，符合比较结构的省略形式，比较对象的概念还是对等的

-- by 会员 wudiyeah (2011/4/19 1:06:02)

或许那是表象，wudiyeah再看看，或者弄个题来咱看看。

作者: 小甜菜的宝宝 时间: 2011-5-12 19:09
斑竹真是入化境了~~威武啊

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-22 13:35
emm~

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-22 14:25
og 12 上两题也是同样的道理：

OG 85:
alt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization “that flourished at the same time as the civilizations” in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did (A)
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

请问这里谓语省略是因为都是flourished？因为时态一致？

89:

Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that “dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads”.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads (B)
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads

那么这里补出do是为了什么？

另外，Verbal 2nd 70题又怎么解释？一个人看实在是头大：

The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with “extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than” when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970.
正确答案就是原文。

还有，
“而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。”
平行结构里为何主语不补出？

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-22 14:27

prep#2 --187
187
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic） determinants of fertility.
答案为D.would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
我在网上查看的几乎全是说：“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”
还有大全的10也是：
大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C
（大全10也是补出了主谓）
这两题，我现在看来并不是因为“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”：
第一题比较的是demographers和they的属性，因为时态的变化，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。（参见比较之庖丁解牛）
第二题的比较是construction industry’s economic health在不同年份的属性，所以than后面可以用it was，也可以用that，或者可以不补出。但是因为five years ago前面并没有介词，所以如果不补出，读者很容易认为是construction industry’s economic health和five years ago的比较。换句话说就是，如果后面是in five years ago，那么就可以不补出。 --> 这个想法是来自于a comprehensive grammar of english里面对零关系分句的解释（即时间状语在没有补出介词的时候，会给读者造成confusion--是主语/宾语，还是状语？）。

但是我做到prep#2 197的时候就大大的郁闷了。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.
A. a greater proportion than it was
B. a greater proportion than
C. a greater proportion than they have been
D. which is greater than was so
E. which is greater than it has been
（虽然别的选项我也知道哪里不对，但是它的答案是B，这个答案是在说明前两道题的答案选A也是对的！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！）
这里a greater proportion than后面依旧是可以补出it had been，that或着不补出，in any previous election已经明确是介词短语，不给使读者产生” a greater proportion”和“in any previous election”比较的歧义，所以就不需要补出了。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 22:19:09)

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-22 23:08
ding

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-5-23 07:05

og 12 上两题也是同样的道理：

OG 85:
alt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization “that flourished at the same time as the civilizations” in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did (A)
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

请问这里谓语省略是因为都是flourished？因为时态一致？

89:

Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that “dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads”.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads (B)
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads

那么这里补出do是为了什么？

另外，Verbal 2nd 70题又怎么解释？一个人看实在是头大：

The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with “extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than” when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970.
正确答案就是原文。

还有，
“而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。”
平行结构里为何主语不补出？

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/22 14:25:26)

1. at the same time as the civilizations整个都是一个时间状语修饰flurished，不需要加flurished。
2. ~~do可以省，也可以不省~~。do不可以省，因为比较的是cost，而不是两种roads。
3. 如果表语是比较成分，那么可以看作仅仅是部分概念的比较，在此为主语比较。
3. than、as都可以兼职做关系代词。

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-23 14:51
看下面一个哈，那个更清楚，谢谢～～

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-23 14:52

og 12 上两题也是同样的道理：
OG 85:
alt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo -Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization “that flourished at the same time as the civilizations” in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did (A)
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

请问这里谓语省略是因为都是flourished？因为时态一致？

89:
Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that “dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads”.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads (B)
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads

那么这里补出do是为了什么？

另外，Verbal 2nd 70题又怎么解释？一个人看实在是头大：

The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with “extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than” when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970.
正确答案就是原文。

还有，
“而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。”
平行结构里为何主语不补出？

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/22 14:25:26)

1. at the same time as the civilizations整个都是一个时间状语修饰flurished，不需要加flurished。
2. do可以省，也可以不省。
3. 如果表语是比较成分，那么可以看作仅仅是部分概念的比较，在此为主语比较。
3. than、as都可以兼职做关系代词。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/23 7:05:42)

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 22:19:09)

og 12 上两题也是同样的道理：

OG 85:
alt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did (A)
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

请问这里谓语省略是因为都是flourished？因为时态一致？
1. at the same time as the civilizations整个都是一个时间状语修饰flurished，不需要加flurished。这里不是很理解哦，那为啥因为是状语部分修饰flourished,后面的那个civilization就不能加flourished or did?

89:
Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads (B)
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads
那么这里补出do是为了什么？
2. do可以省，也可以不省。
好的，知道了！可是为了简洁，也不引起歧义的时候不是应该从简省略吗？

另外，Verbal 2nd 70题又怎么解释？一个人看实在是头大：
The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970.
正确答案就是原文。
3. 如果表语是比较成分，那么可以看作仅仅是部分概念的比较，在此为主语比较。
请问和你举的这个例子说的是一个意思吗？
“第二题的比较是construction industry’s economic health在不同年份的属性，所以than后面可以用it was，也可以用that，或者可以不补出。但是因为five years ago前面并没有介词，所以如果不补出，读者很容易认为是construction industry’s economic health和five years ago的比较。换句话说就是，如果后面是in five years ago，那么就可以不补出。”

还有，
“而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。”
平行结构里为何主语不补出？
3. than、as都可以兼职做关系代词。
嗯，真难，我记不住。所以好吧可以做关系代词，那么如果主语补出了可以吗？错吗？是不是下面这个例子的选项E就是你说的“than、as都可以兼职做关系代词”
85. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the
United States are providing job training and general
education for nearly eight million people, about
equivalent to the enrollment of the nation's four-year
colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of (E)
(E) as many as are enrolled in

那么E可以改写成以下哪种？1. as many as people who are enrolled in
2. as many as who are enrolled in
3. as many as people enrolled in

另外，verbal 2nd的98题也很费解：
98. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous
campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had intheir previous campaigns,
(B) their previous campaigns had had,
(C) they had for any previous campaign,
(D) in their previous campaigns, (E)
(E) for any previous campaign,
这里又是什么意思？

还有一问：主谓比较，补出动词的时候，动词需要紧跟那个比较的词（比如than），还是放在句末也可以，这里有啥讲究木？

不知道我问的问题对不对哎哎

谢谢您！！！

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-24 09:47
回一个吧~

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-24 22:39
求求您了~

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-26 11:45
拜托~

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-5-26 22:20

OG 85:
alt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did (A)
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

请问这里谓语省略是因为都是flourished？因为时态一致？
1. at the same time as the civilizations整个都是一个时间状语修饰flurished，不需要加flurished。这里不是很理解哦，那为啥因为是状语部分修饰flourished,后面的那个civilization就不能加flourished or did?

umm...前面没解释清楚，换个解释，at the same time前面并没有宾语，只有一个主语，as后面的时态相同，而且因为前面只有一个主语，所以这里只有一个名词civilization并不会引起比较歧义，所以不需要补出flourished or did.

89:
Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads (B)
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads
那么这里补出do是为了什么？
2. do可以省，也可以不省。
好的，知道了！可是为了简洁，也不引起歧义的时候不是应该从简省略吗？

对，简洁只是一个优选原则，不是绝对原则，比较里尤其如此。

另外，Verbal 2nd 70题又怎么解释？一个人看实在是头大：
The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970.
正确答案就是原文。
3. 如果表语是比较成分，那么可以看作仅仅是部分概念的比较，在此为主语比较。
请问和你举的这个例子说的是一个意思吗？
“第二题的比较是construction industry’s economic health在不同年份的属性，所以than后面可以用it was，也可以用that，或者可以不补出。但是因为five years ago前面并没有介词，所以如果不补出，读者很容易认为是construction industry’s economic health和five years ago的比较。换句话说就是，如果后面是in five years ago，那么就可以不补出。”

对。

还有，
“而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。”
平行结构里为何主语不补出？
3. than、as都可以兼职做关系代词。
嗯，真难，我记不住。所以好吧可以做关系代词，那么如果主语补出了可以吗？错吗？是不是下面这个例子的选项E就是你说的“than、as都可以兼职做关系代词”

对

85. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the
United States are providing job training and general
education for nearly eight million people, about
equivalent to the enrollment of the nation's four-year
colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of (E)
(E) as many as are enrolled in

那么E可以改写成以下哪种？1. as many as people who are enrolled in
2. as many as who are enrolled in
3. as many as people enrolled in

第一种和第三种，其实第三种是第一种的省略，enrolled是过去分词嘛，great question。

另外，verbal 2nd的98题也很费解：
98. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous
campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had intheir previous campaigns,
(B) their previous campaigns had had,
(C) they had for any previous campaign,
(D) in their previous campaigns, (E)
(E) for any previous campaign,
这里又是什么意思？

比较的是局部概念supplies，那么比较成分后面可以是than those for any previous campaign. 而than可以作为关系代词，所以省略those。
(than for any previous campaign --> than those for any previous campaign --> than those that are for any previous campaign)

还有一问：主谓比较，补出动词的时候，动词需要紧跟那个比较的词（比如than），还是放在句末也可以，这里有啥讲究木？

都可以。

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/23 14:52:32)

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-5-26 22:31

求求您了~

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/24 22:39:55)

mo...mongmong言重...最近太忙..

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-26 23:52

求求您了~

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/24 22:39:55)

mo...mongmong言重...最近太忙..

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/26 22:31:32)

太感动鸟~~

还有个问题哈，其他都明了！就是这个下面2不可以的原因是不是who前面没有先行词？不好意思哈不懂的太多了。

那么E可以改写成以下哪种？
1. as many as people who are enrolled in
2. as many as who are enrolled in
3. as many as people enrolled in
第一种和第三种，其实第三种是第一种的省略，enrolled是过去分词嘛，great question。

然后还有个问题哈，咳咳，如果把下面的fewer than have been killed by bee stings补全，是fewer than those who have been killed by bee stings, 对比上面条1和条3，那不是可以写成fewer than those killed by bee stings？如果不可以是为什么哪？因为have been的时态和are不同？

Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。(原因：不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。
)

谢谢你！

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-5-26 23:59

求求您了~

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/24 22:39:55)

mo...mongmong言重...最近太忙..

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/26 22:31:32)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/26 23:52:58)

1. 可以这么理解。
2. 不可以，因为是整句概念的比较，所以后面也要用have been killed.

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-27 00:09

求求您了~

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/24 22:39:55)

mo...mongmong言重...最近太忙..

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/26 22:31:32)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/26 23:52:58)

1. 可以这么理解。
2. 不可以，因为是整句概念的比较，所以后面也要用have been killed.

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/26 23:59:56)

对于第二点不明白，为啥是整句概念的比较哪？麻烦你再给说说吧~

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-5-27 09:02
umm...这只是我自己的判断规则，并不一定作为标准，仅供参考：
(1)局部概念的比较：
In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice has a protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
--> 比较的只是protein的属性。
(2)整句概念的比较：
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed bee stings.
--> 比较的是多少人被吃这整个事情。
(3)局部概念比较与整句概念比较的本质区别：整句概念的比较涉及谓语动词（不过可能被省略），局部概念的比较只是句子某一名词成分（如主语、宾语）的比较。

(4)通过下面这个句子区分整体和局部的概念就更加明确了：
#3.(错句) According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。
其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少（注意不是比较两种动物肥肉fat的属性），所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式，不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的，其次比较前后时态一致，谓语动词省略）。（这个句子不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略à逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。）

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-27 10:59
看下面一个哈，那个比较清楚~~

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-27 11:00

umm...这只是我自己的判断规则，并不一定作为标准，仅供参考：
(1)局部概念的比较：
In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice has a protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
--> 比较的只是protein的属性。
(2)整句概念的比较：
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed bee stings.
--> 比较的是多少人被吃这整个事情。
(3)局部概念比较与整句概念比较的本质区别：整句概念的比较涉及谓语动词（不过可能被省略），局部概念的比较只是句子某一名词成分（如主语、宾语）的比较。

(4)通过下面这个句子区分整体和局部的概念就更加明确了：
#3.(错句) According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。
其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少（注意不是比较两种动物肥肉fat的属性），所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式，不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的，其次比较前后时态一致，谓语动词省略）。（这个句子不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略à逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。）

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/27 9:02:38)

1. 再追一个：
1）整句概念在比较的例子：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.
2）85. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about equivalent to the enrollment of the nation's four-year colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of (E)
(E) as many as are enrolled in

两个例子都涉及数字的比较，而85题是局部概念在比较。请问两个例子的区别和第一个例子是被动态有关系吗？因为被动，导致数字的部分（only seven people）和后面比较的部分不紧紧挨着？所以造成无法局部比较，只能整句概念比较？
另外，虽然第一个例子是整句概念比较，85题不是，但“than have been killed by bee stings”和"as many as are enrolled"形式是一样一样的，这样不奇怪吗？

2. 另外，还有一个问题：
OG 85:
Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.
(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did (A)
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were
1.
[mongmong]: 请问这里谓语省略是因为都是flourished？因为时态一致？
[aeoluseros]: at the same time as the civilizations整个都是一个时间状语修饰flurished，不需要加flurished。
[mongmong]: 这里不是很理解哦，那为啥因为是状语部分修饰flourished,后面的那个civilization就不能加flourished or did?
[aeoluseros]: umm...前面没解释清楚，换个解释，at the same time前面并没有宾语，只有一个主语，as后面的时态相同，而且因为前面只有一个主语，所以这里只有一个名词civilization并不会引起比较歧义，所以不需要补出flourished or did.

89:
Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.
(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads
(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do
(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do
(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads (B)
(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads
2.
[mongmong]:那么这里补出do是为了什么？
[aeoluseros]: do可以省，也可以不省。
[mongmong]: 好的，知道了！可是为了简洁，也不引起歧义的时候不是应该从简省略吗？
[aeoluseros]: 对，简洁只是一个优选原则，不是绝对原则，比较里尤其如此。

第二个例子是不是和第一个例子一样，“twice as much to maintain as paved roads do”整个是状语成分修饰“cost”，“twice as much to maintain” 前面也没有宾语，是不是和第一个例子完全一样的？

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-5-28 00:18
再加一条哦，至少我还这么久都没有见到过反例，mongmong可以再验证下：
局部概念比较可以视作整体概念比较，比如楼上的85题。
而整体概念比较不能视作局部概念比较。

对，第二个例子和第一个例子一样。

作者: 瓜瓜不瓜 时间: 2011-5-28 00:47
斑竹解释的太帅了

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-28 13:55

再加一条哦，至少我还这么久都没有见到过反例，mongmong可以再验证下：
局部概念比较可以视作整体概念比较，比如楼上的85题。
而整体概念比较不能视作局部概念比较。

对，第二个例子和第一个例子一样。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/28 0:18:01)

谢谢aeo! 第二个问题明白了，但是呀呀，第一个问题好像答的不是我问的呀，还是说和“被动”没有关系？麻烦你再给看看：

1）整句概念在比较的例子：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.
2）85. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about equivalent to the enrollment of the nation's four-year colleges and universities.
(A) equivalent to the enrollment of
(B) the equivalent of those enrolled in
(C) equal to those who are enrolled in
(D) as many as the enrollment of (E)
(E) as many as are enrolled in

两个例子都涉及数字的比较，而85题是局部概念在比较。请问两个例子的区别和第一个例子是被动态有关系吗？因为被动，导致数字的部分（only seven people）和后面比较的部分不紧紧挨着？所以造成无法局部比较，只能整句概念比较？另外，虽然第一个例子是整句概念比较，85题不是，但“than have been killed by bee stings”和"as many as are enrolled"形式是一样一样的，这样不奇怪吗？

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-30 16:46
在顶一下哈

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-5-31 19:54
再顶一下哈

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-6-3 20:35
up

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-6-5 15:53
up

作者: vkoa 时间: 2011-6-6 23:11
关于比较，mark~~

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2011-6-8 17:58

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/28 0:18:01)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/28 13:55:25)

我想不是被动语态的原因。
我说的“局部概念的比较可以看作整句概念的比较”形式上是指前面虽然只是一个词，但是后面可以用一个句子和那个词比。
85题其实算是整句概念的比较。
但是要注意，整句概念的比较不能看作局部概念的比较。

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-6-8 21:11

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/28 0:18:01)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/28 13:55:25)

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/6/8 17:58:05)

再确认一下哈，你说的局部概念的比较是不是帖子开始的时候举的那个rice 和wheat含 protein多少的比较（即选项B）？所以Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.就是你说的“局部概念的比较可以看作整句概念的比较”形式上是指前面虽然只是一个词，但是后面可以用一个句子和那个词比”？哎呀，上面这个问题前面你好像已经提到了，已经回答过了。

那么如果上面的85题我把它看作局部概念的比较，不写成as many as are enrolled in 的话，后面应该是怎么写？（85是可以看作局部概念也可以看成整体概念的比较的是吗？只不过答案E给的是整体概念的比较，对吗？）
是之前我问讨论过的下面的1和3都可以是吗？这样就是局部概念的比较了，因为改写之后as many as 后面没有谓语？
那么E可以改写成以下哪种？
1. as many as people who are enrolled in
2. as many as who are enrolled in
3. as many as people enrolled in
第一种和第三种，其实第三种是第一种的省略，enrolled是过去分词嘛，great question。
其实蹊跷的地方是为何Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.就是整体概念的比较，而不是only seven people 和后面某一个数量的比较？
好像只能整体概念比较好少，为啥咧？

版主你人真好，每次都认真回答问题。谢谢你！

作者: flywer 时间: 2011-6-8 21:28
受益匪浅~~多谢大家的讨论

作者: myfield 时间: 2011-6-8 22:23
我觉得好像是如果前面的句子有宾语存在，必须补出动词。比如A loves B more than C就是一个又歧义的句子，必须是A loves B more than C does

作者: again_a 时间: 2011-6-23 14:58

最近我也思考了一下这个问题，感觉以前的解释不是很对，在此我把自己的想法贴上，大家一起讨论:
OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E) rice has a protein higher in quality than

In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein(是指In addition to having more protein than wheat does这个从句里面) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

从OG对E的解释可以看出，用than that in wheat或than does wheat都可以，但这并不能说明在其他的比较结构中也能用that in，而不是用主谓(宾)结构来与than前面的结构平行。在这个句子里：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。具体原因如下：

在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。其实是和这个句子类似的：Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in production history.

而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

再比如这个句子：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少（注意不是比较fat的属性），所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式，不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。（这个句子不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略?逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。）

不过要注意一个现象，有时候省略会到让人不可思议的程度，比如只留下某个句子的成分的一部分，比如这个题只留下宾语的一个修饰成分：
According to public health officials, in 1998 Massachusetts became the first state in which more babies were born to women over the age of thirty than under it.
可以发现比较的是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是babies，而此时比较成分前后就宾语不同，那么可以就补出宾语，而宾语里相同的成分可以进一步省略，就补出宾语的修饰词。

另外：
比较的中心是什么，后面应该补出的内容就是什么：
In no other historical sighting did Halley’s comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911.
A. did its return in 1910-1911
B. had its 1910-1911 return
C. in its return of 1910-1911
D. its return of 1910-1911 did
E. its return in 1910-1911
key: C
比较的是前后两个句子发生时间的属性，主谓宾动词时态均一致，所以只要补出状语即可。

注意一个比较特殊的题：
2-96 There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels: more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990.
(A) generated through wind power now than it was
(B) generated through wind power now as it was
(C) generated through wind power now as was the case
(D) now generated through wind power as it was
(E) now generated through wind power than was the case
key: C
首先这个题目因为时态的转变必须补出was，其次比较对象是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是energy，所以不用that来补出，但是却又不能用it来指代主语，所以就只能用as was the case了。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 21:33:04)

多谢。不过我有个问题。

而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

按照句子比较，这句话成立，容易理解。
如果这句话，理解成是主语比较。那么those killed by bee stings 是不是也能成立。
主语比较 A 都sth than B do. 有时候，这个do也可以不写出来的，如果逻辑意义清晰的话。
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than those killed by bee stings.
这句中，因为those 是复数，所以不会产生指代shark的歧义，因而指代的是 seven people。这样理解，这就是一句主语比较，可以这样理解嘛？

在曼哈顿上看到，Ron 也说 you can't write "those killed by bee stings"
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/can-somebody-help-me-out-with-this-question-t4278.html

you can't use parallel constructions with "those"/"that"/etc, in separate clauses, unless they are EXACTLY PARALLEL to whatever shows up in the other part.

in this case:
you can't write "those killed by bee stings"
unless
the other part contains "people killed by the great white shark" (with NOTHING IN BETWEEN).
it doesn't, so you can't.

这句话中，似乎解释的是在平行结构中，而主语比较也算是在平行结构中嘛？

作者: jiaying52 时间: 2011-7-15 08:01

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 22:19:09)

198. Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.

(A) they had in their previous campaigns

(B) their previous campaigns had had

(C) they had for any previous campaign

(D) in their previous campaigns

(E) for any previous campaign

此题选E ，按版主对187的看法此题比较前后的时态不一致应该补出谓语以及它的主语的。但偏偏198都省略了，困惑。求版主指教

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-7-24 22:20
我已经看不懂自己写的了，胡言乱语

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/28 0:18:01)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/5/28 13:55:25)

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/6/8 17:58:05)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2011/6/8 21:11:05)

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-7-30 13:32
斑竹大人，我对下面第一题（OG 12 -41）仍有疑问，请问demographers have to know a great deal more 主谓宾全吗？（a great deal more是宾语

），还是只是主谓（没有宾语,那a great deal more是状语吗？）？也有人提出同样的问题（在2楼）

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-575604-1-1.html?postid=15190646&searchmode=TopicContent&searchtext=To%20develop%20more%20accurat

我还是不太理解“因为时态的变化，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。”庖丁解牛没有讲到这么细，还是我木有看清楚？

乌拉拉~~~~

prep#2 --187
187
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
答案为D.would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
我在网上查看的几乎全是说：“原句是a great deal 和now在比较，所以要加they do”
第一题比较的是demographers和they的属性，因为时态的变化，所以前后都需要补出谓语动词，而因为谓语动词的补出，主语也必须要补出。（参见比较之庖丁解牛）

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 22:19:09)

作者: mongmong 时间: 2011-8-7 22:07
还有一件事是OG 100题：

对于选项D，OG的解释是... the subordinating conjunction "as" would need to introduce a subordinate clause.

我的问题是如何知道这里as引导的不是一个从句？不可以 as the planets 后面的 “are” 省略吗？

"The stars, some of them at tremendous speeds, are in motion just as the planets are, yet being" so far away from the Earth that their apparent positions in the sky do not change enough for their movement to be observed during a single human lifetime.

A) The stars, some of them at tremendous speeds, are in motion just as the planets are, yet being
B) Like the planets, the stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speeds, but they are
C) Although like the planets the stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speeds, yet
D) As the planets, the stars are in motion, some of them at tremendous speeds, but they are (B)
E) The stars are in motion like the planets, some of which at tremendous speeds are in motion but

作者: whenusmile 时间: 2011-9-28 20:58
斑竹能不能再霸气点??哈哈~~谢谢，很受用，我已经复制到WORD里面了

作者: QUARTZ7 时间: 2011-10-4 17:33
引用：

（大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C

注意一个比较特殊的题：
2-96 There are hopeful signs that we are shifting away from our heavy reliance on fossil fuels: more than ten times as much energy is generated through wind power now than it was in 1990.
(A) generated through wind power now than it was
(B) generated through wind power now as it was
(C) generated through wind power now as was the case
(D) now generated through wind power as it was
(E) now generated through wind power than was the case
key: C
首先这个题目因为时态的转变必须补出was，其次比较对象是整句话的属性，而不仅仅是energy，所以不用that来补出，但是却又不能用it来指代主语，所以就只能用as was the case了。）

问题：大全10中C选项it指代industry’s economic health没问题。可是为什么下一题it就不能指代主语energy呢？

请aeoluresous指教~！谢谢谢谢

作者: QUARTZ7 时间: 2011-10-4 20:16
up

作者: xingym 时间: 2011-10-20 00:45
我觉得这些规则，好像都是中国人自己总结出来的，很牵强啊（还是我没看明白）

不知道谁认识native speaker,让他们分析分析；不应该有这么些复杂的条件啊，说话都是靠语感的啊，

作者: thechooosenone 时间: 2011-10-29 11:17
神帖！

作者: bob151 时间: 2011-11-3 01:20
个人观点是看比较对象比答案。
大全10 那道主要看a和c。 a比较经济，补全好。且无介词
prep127：c时态不对 a，it无指代。b中有介词。如果要不全应该用those。因为是不同时代的costs。而economy可以用it指过去的的economy

作者: sunxiaojia502 时间: 2011-11-15 10:38
标题: it的指代问题？
是不是it指代的问题啊，it was 指代会有歧义，it 可能指代campaign也可能指代前面的costs。不知道这么想的对不对，还请aeoluseros大牛解答，谢谢。顺便问一下，我看到的一个问题，也不知道cost加了s后可数吗？谢谢。辛苦了。
1. Even though the direct costs of malpractice disputes amounts to a sum lower than one percent of the $541 billion the nation spent on health care last year, doctors say fear of lawsuits plays major role in health-care inflation.
(A) amounts to a sum lower
(B) amounts to less
(C) amounted to less
(D) amounted to lower
(E) amounted to a lower sum

costs是可数还是不可数啊？不是加s吗，那应该fewer啊？不是吗？confused~~~ 求NN解答....

作者: 情未浓 时间: 2011-12-29 16:25

-- by 会员 wudiyeah (2011/4/19 1:06:02)

或许那是表象，wudiyeah再看看，或者弄个题来咱看看。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/5/12 13:31:03)

比如说i have to run faster than now.这样应该不对吧。也没有时态问题。
要改成i have to run faster than i do now啊。。

作者: teddybearj4 时间: 2012-3-8 15:08
斑竹一贴把使用语意解决比较问题说明的清清楚楚！太受教了！斑竹V5啊~

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-4-16 22:49

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2011/4/17 22:19:09)

198. Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign

此题选E ，按版主对187的看法此题比较前后的时态不一致应该补出谓语以及它的主语的。但偏偏198都省略了，困惑。求版主指教

-- by 会员 jiaying52 (2011/7/15 8:01:09)

这里是supply的局部比较（也可以看作整体比较，不过这个句子特别，即使参照OG，写成整体也比较麻烦且不清晰：it had had for its previous campaigns）。我抄的aeo大侠的思路，希望没有写错，写错了就多有得罪~~

当看作局部比较的时候，就是状语的不同，不需要考虑时态。建议你再看看下面两个例子：
A large rise in the number of housingstarts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by severalbillion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health muchmore robust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry’s economichealth much more robust than five years ago
(B) and make the construction industry’s economichealth much more robust than five years ago
(C) making the construction industry’s economichealth much more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry’s economichealth much more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry’s economichealth much more robust than it as five years ago
Key: C

第二题的比较是construction industry’s economic health在不同年份的属性，所以than后面可以用it was，也可以用that，或者可以不补出。但是因为fiveyears ago前面并没有介词，所以如果不补出，读者很容易认为是construction industry’s economic health和five yearsago的比较。换句话说就是，如果后面是in five years ago，那么就可以不补出。 --> 这个想法是来自于acomprehensive grammar of english里面对零关系分句的解释（即时间状语在没有补出介词的时候，会给读者造成confusion--是主语/宾语，还是状语？）。局部比较
Soaringtelevision costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidentialcampaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previouselection.
A. a greater proportion than itwas
B. a greater proportion than
C. a greater proportion thanthey have been
D. which is greater than was so
E. which is greater than it hasbeen

这里a greater proportion than后面依旧是可以补出it hadbeen，that或着不补出，in anyprevious election已经明确是介词短语，不给使读者产生” a greater proportion”和“in anyprevious election”比较的歧义，所以就不需要补出了。局部比较

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-2 14:58
我有两个问题哦。
1）OG12-85题里"the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta"里的从at the same time 开始都看作是flourished的状语修饰，因为flourish这里是vi, 无宾语。但是和85题不一样，OG12-89题里“dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do”里的cost 后面跟的“twice as much to maintain as paved roads do”不能看作是状语修饰吧？因为这里的cost后面是有宾语的？

2）看到OG12-13题，觉得这里的比较是什么呢？是不是句子和句子的整体比较？特意来确认一下~
“the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought"

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-2 16:52
OG12-89里：cost没有宾语，to maintain是补语而且是共有部分，补出do是因为比较属性是"cost"，而不是"路"。
类似于这个句子：French wines taste better than Australian wines.(http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-698268-1-1.html)

OG12-13里：不是，as sb. thought/said是一个固定结构。虽然是比较的形式，但是可以排除在比较之外理解这个考点。

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-2 19:04

OG12-89里：cost没有宾语，to maintain是补语而且是共有部分，补出do是因为比较属性是"cost"，而不是"路"。
类似于这个句子：French wines taste better than Australian wines.(http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-698268-1-1.html)

OG12-13里：不是，as sb. thought/said是一个固定结构。虽然是比较的形式，但是可以排除在比较之外理解这个考点。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 16:52:37)

谢谢斑竹的指点，关于第二个问题，我明白了。

关于cost后面没有宾语，我想问，和该题中的cost as much as ...一样，“it costs $5/ it costs me $5”这两种情况其实后面的$5和me $5 也都是补语，而不是宾语，对吗？

另外，还有下面这个题（该帖子以前讨论过）。如果OG12-89这里需要补出do（以前讨论说可以补出，也可以不补出的，因为不会有歧义，且时态一致）, 为何下面不补出did呢？
OG 85:
alt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

(A) that flurished at the same time as the civilizations
(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations
(C) that flourished at the same time those had
(D) flourishing at the same time as those did (A)
(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

[mongmong] 请问这里谓语省略是因为都是flourished？因为时态一致？

[aeo] the same time as the civilizations整个都是一个时间状语修饰flurished，不需要加flurished。

[mongmong] 这里不是很理解哦，那为啥因为是状语部分修饰flourished,后面的那个civilization就不能加flourished or did?

[aeo] umm...前面没解释清楚，换个解释，at the same time前面并没有宾语，只有一个主语，as后面的时态相同，而且因为前面只有一个主语，所以这里只有一个名词civilization并不会引起比较歧义，所以不需要补出flourished or did.

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-2 19:28
12-89是不可以省的，#16楼那时候粗心了…我修正一下…
OG85依然是上面的解释，另外，OG85和12-89不同，其比较点不在于flurished，而在于time。

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-2 19:49

12-89是不可以省的，#16楼那时候粗心了…我修正一下…
OG85依然是上面的解释，另外，OG85和12-89不同，其比较点不在于flurished，而在于time。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 19:28:16)

嗯，85确实说的是时间，
嗯，89我需要再考虑考虑。
谢谢斑竹！！

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-2 20:15

12-89是不可以省的，#16楼那时候粗心了…我修正一下…
OG85依然是上面的解释，另外，OG85和12-89不同，其比较点不在于flurished，而在于time。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 19:28:16)

嗯，85确实说的是时间，
嗯，89我需要再考虑考虑。我找到了以前讨论过的斑竹的例子, 如果按89: x cost as much as y do (另一问，如果x和y分别是单数，那末是不是写成x costs as much as y does ?), 上面绿色部分就该是 wild animals have less fat than livestock do.

谢谢斑竹！！

According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少（注意不是比较fat的属性），所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式，不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/2 19:49:42)

作者: weidehou 时间: 2012-5-3 17:17
oh nice

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-4 22:12

12-89是不可以省的，#16楼那时候粗心了…我修正一下…
OG85依然是上面的解释，另外，OG85和12-89不同，其比较点不在于flurished，而在于time。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 19:28:16)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/2 19:49:42)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/2 20:15:17)

并不是的，其实有一个比较简便的方法来判断是否是谓语的比较：比较级的词在修饰谁。
这个wild animal句子里面less修饰的是fat，而且是wild animal的fat。
而12-89里面twice修饰的是cost. French wines taste better than Australian wines里面better修饰的是taste.

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-5 09:44

12-89是不可以省的，#16楼那时候粗心了…我修正一下…
OG85依然是上面的解释，另外，OG85和12-89不同，其比较点不在于flurished，而在于time。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 19:28:16)

嗯，85确实说的是时间，
嗯，89我需要再考虑考虑。我找到了以前讨论过的斑竹的例子, 如果按89: x cost as much as y do (另一问，如果x和y分别是单数，那末是不是写成x costs as much as y does ?), 下面绿色部分就该是 wild animals have less fat than livestock do.

谢谢斑竹！！

According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少（注意不是比较fat的属性），所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式，不过在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/2 19:49:42)

并不是的，其实有一个比较简便的方法来判断是否是谓语的比较：比较级的词在修饰谁。
而12-89里面twice修饰的是cost. French wines taste better than Australian wines里面better修饰的是taste.

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/4 22:12:07)

还真是的！这里是整个句子的比较，以后我会注意看比较级和谓语的关系。多写斑竹指点~~

这个wild animal句子里面less修饰的是fat，而且是wild animal的fat。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/4 22:12:07)

嗯，我又慢慢想了想这个问题，翻了翻前面的例子，还有些困惑。这个wild animal的例子，比较的是拥有fat 的多少，正确的句子并不是wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health.而是wild animals have less total fat than ~~(that of)~~ livestock fed on grain (do) and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health.

再比如下面这个例子（前面帖子斑竹特供的），对E的解释说明“than wheat does“是另一种使句子正确的方式，即把这里的比较看成has的比较，是整局的比较，而非局部的比较（即使E里的higher不是修饰整个句子的。嗯？莫非这里即是斑竹讲的局部可看成整体比较，反之则不然？）

OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A) the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B) rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C) the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D) rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E) rice has a protein higher in quality than

B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-8 22:20

12-89是不可以省的，#16楼那时候粗心了…我修正一下…
OG85依然是上面的解释，另外，OG85和12-89不同，其比较点不在于flurished，而在于time。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 19:28:16)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/2 19:49:42)

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/4 22:12:07)

还真是的！这里是整个句子的比较，以后我会注意看比较级和谓语的关系。多写斑竹指点~~

这个wild animal句子里面less修饰的是fat，而且是wild animal的fat。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/4 22:12:07)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/5 9:44:05)

umm...let me re-think this point.

作者: zzrrqq0708 时间: 2012-5-10 20:19
是不是可以这么理解：than后面的时间状语如果是介词短语就不会产生歧义，所以可以直接放在than后面，比如楼主举的例子： in any previous election. 但是如果than后面的时间状语是now，或者five years ago，即非介词短语，那么就不能够直接放在than的后面，因为有歧义。
不知道能不能这么简单地找规律，求NN解答！

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-13 20:24

Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。

mongmong又有问题鸟！

下面这个题我的判断是局部比较，正确答案D可以改写成 at speeds much higher than those (that are) currently possible 或than those currently possible. 局部比较可以看作整体比较，我想问正确选项D是一个整体比较的写法？还是和绿色部分其实并无差异？（quote部分是前面aeo特供的例子，这个例子，因为是整体比较，than have been killed就不能改写成如绿色部分）

According to analysts, an alliance between three major personal computer companies and most of the nation’s largest local telephone companies would enable customers to receive internet data over regular telephone lines with speeds much higher than is currently possible.

A.with speeds much higher than is
B.with speeds that are much higher than are
C.at much higher speeds as are
D.at much higher speeds than that
E.at speeds much higher than are

好像有点钻牛角了，只是觉得看到E这样的选项，如果脑子里没有自觉把它转化出来名词+定从，我题就做不出来。

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-13 23:26

OG12-13
“the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought"

OG12-13里：不是，as sb. thought/said是一个固定结构。虽然是比较的形式，但是可以排除在比较之外理解这个考点。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 16:52:37)

Prep
"human ancestors systematically hunted big game much earlier than believed"

这里的省略补全后是 much earlier than they are believed (to?) ? 还是什么？
请问这个句子里的比较和上面的固定结构类似吗？还是这个句子是整体比较来的？如果是固定结构，是不是就不用补全？

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-20 00:36

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/5 9:44:05)

对的，按照OG的态度看，局部比较可以视作全局，但是全局无法视作局部。关键是分清何为全局何为局部。

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-20 00:46

是不是可以这么理解：than后面的时间状语如果是介词短语就不会产生歧义，所以可以直接放在than后面，比如楼主举的例子： in any previous election. 但是如果than后面的时间状语是now，或者five years ago，即非介词短语，那么就不能够直接放在than的后面，因为有歧义。
不知道能不能这么简单地找规律，求NN解答！

-- by 会员 zzrrqq0708 (2012/5/10 20:19:02)

原因是有不同的，不能这么简单地找规律。
A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than (it was) five years ago.
这个题的比较中如果省略了it was，那么five years ago这个状语有可能是修饰making去的。
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers (would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic) determinants of fertility.
而这个句子为何补出they do，是因为谓语动词时态改变了。

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-20 01:27

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/13 20:24:37)

正确选项不是E么？

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-20 01:28

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 16:52:37)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/13 23:26:26)

嗯，这种than anticipated/thought/believed都是固定结构

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-20 09:32

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/2 16:52:37)

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/13 23:26:26)

嗯，这种than anticipated/thought/believed都是固定结构

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/20 1:28:17)

多谢斑竹！

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-20 09:37

mongmong又有问题鸟！

下面这个题我的判断是局部比较，正确答案E可以改写成 at speeds much higher than those (that are) currently possible 或than those currently possible. 局部比较可以看作整体比较，我想问正确选项E是一个整体比较的写法？还是和绿色部分其实并无差异？（quote部分是前面aeo特供的例子，这个例子，因为是整体比较，than have been killed就不能改写成如绿色部分）

According to analysts, an alliance between three major personal computer companies and most of the nation’s largest local telephone companies would enable customers to receive internet data over regular telephone lines with speeds much higher than is currently possible.

A.with speeds much higher than is
B.with speeds that are much higher than are
C.at much higher speeds as are
D.at much higher speeds than that
E.at speeds much higher than are

好像有点钻牛角了，只是觉得看到E这样的选项，如果脑子里没有自觉把它转化出来名词+定从，我题就做不出来。

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/13 20:24:37)

正确选项不是E么？

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/20 1:27:43)

我写错了，是E。
问题也没有了，看到E，我需要把他补全，才能做题，就是这样。谢谢斑竹！

作者: mongmong 时间: 2012-5-20 09:38

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/5 9:44:05)

对的，按照OG的态度看，局部比较可以视作全局，但是全局无法视作局部。关键是分清何为全局何为局部。

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/20 0:36:41)

多谢斑竹！

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2012-5-20 09:39

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/13 20:24:37)

正确选项不是E么？

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2012/5/20 1:27:43)

我写错了，是E。
问题也没有了，看到E，我需要把他补全，才能做题，就是这样。谢谢斑竹！

-- by 会员 mongmong (2012/5/20 9:37:49)

不用补全啊，E是一种全局比较的写法。

作者: ninamikou 时间: 2012-8-29 12:34
TNND 我真的很需要啊 up up 比较的题目老是做错！

作者: wendydou 时间: 2012-10-30 20:35
我干，真给版主跪下了··谢谢分享

作者: slr257 时间: 2012-10-30 23:32
这道题我的理解是这样的：前后都是now，所以需要补出they do。前面的would只是虚拟语气，其时态仍然是now。

作者: ARG 时间: 2013-6-9 01:03
Mark之···

作者: joanfighter 时间: 2013-6-21 14:38
aeo大神啊

上午看睡着了都。。。

作者: verssy 时间: 2013-10-1 17:01
我有一个疑问，总觉得OG10-19这题和大全10相矛盾。便于比较，简化两题如下
OG10-19: In addition to having more protein than wheat does, wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(1) rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(2) rice has a protein higher in quality than
答案是1
大全10：A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, .(1) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago
(2) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago
答案是2
根据OG官方的解释，把OG10-19改为rice has a protein higher in quality than that in也是对的
但是不管是（1）还是该之后的（2），这两个个答案的结构和内涵难道和大全10的（1）的有什么不同吗？（1）中说省略了一个economic health是完全讲的通的啊

我感觉在一下两种结构中
1）X will make the ecomomy more robust than economy five years ago
2）X will make the ecomomy more robust than economy was five years ago
OG10选择了前者，大全选择了后者~~~~~

对比了好多其他的论坛解释，，，真的没想通这个问题！！！求大神，求指导

作者: luckylucy13 时间: 2013-10-4 19:51

aeoluseros 发表于 2011-4-17 22:19
prep#2 --187187To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great d ...

如果是时态的变化而导致要补出主谓的话，那么 a greater proportion 的时态应该是一般过去时it was，和 any previous election的时态是不同的，为何这里可以把it had been省略掉？？

关于由于谓语动词时态的问题而选择是否补出主谓，有些题目是不是有点矛盾？

作者: luckylucy13 时间: 2013-10-4 19:56

aeoluseros 发表于 2011-4-17 22:19
prep#2 --187187To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great d ...

我觉得下面这道题比较的主体是 proportion，而不是 it was a proportion（否则就有时态不一致也能省略主谓的矛盾），补全是“ a greater proportion than（the proportion）in any previous election ”，这里是不涉及主谓省略的。

--------------------------------------------
Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.
A. a greater proportion than it was
B. a greater proportion than
C. a greater proportion than they have been
D. which is greater than was so
E. which is greater than it has been

作者: legenddong 时间: 2013-10-10 22:17
好精彩~~~~~~~~虽然要多看几遍才懂

作者: 黄鹤 时间: 2013-11-7 15:08
好帖！！！

作者: hubeckett 时间: 2014-3-20 16:47
马克，已经看晕了

作者: poorcat 时间: 2014-5-28 07:58
mark先好贴

作者: heidiym 时间: 2014-8-11 08:53

aeoluseros 发表于 2012-5-20 09:39
Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater ...

这里比较的不是speed嘛？就是higher这个比较次修饰的speed，而跟谓语动词没有关系，所以应该是局部比较，为什么斑竹说是整体比较呢？困惑哎。。。

作者: 几米的世界9 时间: 2014-8-15 18:35

aeoluseros 发表于 2011-4-17 22:19
prep#2 --187187To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great d ...

这里a greater proportion than后面依旧是可以补出it had been，that或着不补出，in any previous election已经明确是介词短语，不给使读者产生” a greater proportion”和“in any previous election”比较的歧义，所以就不需要补出了

在我看来“it had been”是不能补出的，因为it全指代“a greater proportation”而不是核心指代“a proportation”,然而补出“that”却是可以的。

欢迎大家继续讨论！！

作者: heidiym 时间: 2014-8-17 12:28

aeoluseros 发表于 2012-5-20 00:36
嗯，我又慢慢想了想这个问题，翻了翻前面的例子，还有些困惑。这个wild animal的例子，比较的是拥有fat ...

你好我对整体比较和部分比较有一句话拿捏不准请NN帮忙~

taxpayers who make more than twice as much income as THEY DID last year are subject to special scrutiny from the IRS. 我觉得这里是部分比较吧，因为more是修饰的twice,而twice修饰的income，因此more 跟动词make没有关系，而是部分修饰。如果是部分修饰的话是不是这样也是对的呢？taxpayers who make more than twice as much income as THAT last year are subject to special scrutiny from the IRS.

作者: heidiym 时间: 2014-8-17 12:32

heidiym 发表于 2014-8-17 12:28
你好我对整体比较和部分比较有一句话拿捏不准请NN帮忙~

taxpayers who make more than twice as much ...

我想了想这里应该是整体修饰吧？

作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-10-7 15:28
就没有人跟我一样头大了吗

作者: robinemma 时间: 2014-12-19 11:50
用回复来表达对神贴的敬意

作者: Hailee 时间: 2015-9-3 19:48

aeoluseros 发表于 2011-4-17 22:19
prep#2 --187187To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers i（have to know a great d ...

今天看也是非常非常有用的，谢谢斑竹推荐的庖丁解牛！！

作者: 921075453 时间: 2015-9-24 10:27

aeoluseros 发表于 2011-4-17 21:33
最近我也思考了一下这个问题，感觉以前的解释不是很对，在此我把自己的想法贴上，大家一起讨论:OG10-19. In ...

版主大大还在吗，能解决我一个疑惑吗？
我看到比较的时候需要补出that/those等来排除歧义，但是that/those不是仅仅指代了核心词吗，比如我举两个例子：
1. Today's technology allows manufacturers to make small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in production history.
这题的比较应该是比较small cars的吧，后面的those是不是把small这个修饰给去除了，变成small cars 和 cars的比较呢？
2. 还有一个例子：
Bihar is India's poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111, lower than that of the most impoverished countries of the world.
为啥这里也可以用that呢，我觉得that岂不是把annual 这个修饰除去了吗？
另外，这一个题有一个选项是 lower than in the most imorverished countries of the world. 这个选项不能使用是不是因为than前面没有与之平行的结构呢？

作者: ipeig 时间: 2015-11-17 17:19
看完这篇帖子又学到了一些新的东西，以回复来表达谢意。

关于歧义以前看到过一个例子觉得很简单粗暴，特来分享一下~
I like cheese more than Roger.
既可以理解为比起Roger这个人，我跟喜欢cheese；也可以理解为我，比起Roger更喜欢cheese
如果是第二种理解，这里就要补出do，也就是I like cheese more than Roger do.
不同语境下对于歧义都值得注意

作者: AnnieFFish 时间: 2016-7-29 10:57
斑竹和提问的那位同学都好认真呐！
手写整理了几页笔记有点晕晕的我要好好消化消化
感谢斑竹！

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