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标题: 语法总结－逻辑篇（三） [打印本页]

作者: lyricling 时间: 2003-5-29 19:25
标题: 语法总结－逻辑篇（三）

主从句之间的逻辑关系

一道例题
OG4. The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns.(A) to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns
(B) to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit

想必大家都曾仔细琢磨过这道题。仅从代词单复数的角度去排除A项，但这样非常危险，一旦出现我不熟悉的单词，那我就必死无疑。后来看OG的解释，才发现before they rot when warmer weather returns与 before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit　在逻辑含义上还是有一些不同的。A项用when 从句，只能表示两个动作在时间上同时发生，而B项将A项中的when从句变成了动宾结构，同时也将这两个事情的逻辑关系从简单的时间关系（同时发生）变成了因果关系。
这个例子促使我去关注句子之间存在着的某种逻辑关系。

(1)主从句逻辑关系：

1）名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句和同谓语从句）与主句的逻辑关系可归到第一天总结的逻辑关系中去，实际上就是把名词性从句看作一个句子成分，看它是否与主句中的其它成分搭配。

2）形容词性从句（宾语从句）与主句的逻辑关系可归到修饰语部分，也就是修饰语与修饰对象逻辑搭配合理不合理的问题。

3）副词性（状语从句）从句的问题。

状语从句与主句之间的逻辑关系有时间，目的，结果，原因，让步，对比，类比，转折（见LZM　P130）。同为状语从句，但不同的状语从句与主句之间的关系不同，在做题时要按照句子的逻辑含义，分清主从句之间的逻辑关系是时间，目的，结果亦或其它。

OG21 Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients' misconduct stemmed from a reaction to something ingested, but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their actions.
（A）in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy
（B）if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food
本题中，分词词组修饰the prepetrators不合理，应改为条件从句。

补260 体会条件从句与时间从句的逻辑区别

（2）主从句之间的逻辑层次关系：

1）主从句之间的层次关系：
从句子逻辑意思上分清哪一从句与哪一从句并列。句子与句子之间应该是并列关系还是主从关系。

OG28. The rise in the Commerce Department's index of leading economic indicators suggest that the economy should continue its expansion into the coming months, but that the mixed performance of the index's individual components indicates that economic growth will proceed at a more moderate pace than in the first quarter of this year.
(编) suggests that the economy will continue to expand in the coming months, and that
(E) suggests that the economy will continue to expand in the coming months, but

OG205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are　known as "standing waves."

(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
(E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

2）从句之间的并列：比如定语从句并列，状语从句并列或主语从句并列，这部分可在平行结构中解决。
OG204，

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-5-29 19:34:16编辑过]

作者: siebel 时间: 2003-5-29 20:33
good job!

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-5-29 20:36
Thank u for your sharing. U r great.

作者: icefire99 时间: 2003-6-3 17:01

我感觉这其中最关键的还是能够读懂句子的意思，修饰语的位置也需要借助对作者表达意思的准确把握。复习了很长时间，可语法一直是弱项，错也容易错在这种需要精确把握句子意思的题。

马上要上考场了，不知道这种题目在考试中占的比重大不大？心中很没有底气的。

作者: qxz9524 时间: 2003-9-3 04:47
A．现在分词作定语表示长期，反复的动作，表示该动作是名词永久属性，常用来表示法令或权力的内容。与定语从句表示的具体，一次性动作有意义上的区别。
OG196. It is possible that Native Americans originally have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed between Siberia and Alaska.
A.    have migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed
B.    were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that existed once
C.    migrated over a bridge of land to the Western Hemisphere that once existed
D.    migrated to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land that once existed
E.    were migrating to the Western Hemisphere over a bridge of land existing once
Choice D, the best answer, correctly uses the past-tense verb forms migrated and existed to refer to actions completed in the past. Choices A, B, and E present incorrect verb forms for expressing simple past action, and existing once in E is imprecise. Although choice C manages the correct tense, it misplaces the sentence elements so as to suggest that the Western Hemisphere once existed between Siberia and Alaska.

作者: susancheng 时间: 2006-8-16 11:19

ding

作者: volcom 时间: 2006-8-16 11:48

作者: sophiaruan 时间: 2009-6-14 16:51
Reviewing the summary from the trailblazer,who did it six years ago,I am moved......thank you.

作者: junwei_fighting 时间: 2014-7-13 17:03

lyricling 发表于 2003-5-29 19:25
主从句之间的逻辑关系一道例题OG4. The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to process the ...

太赞了，谢谢楼主

作者: mmmmmignon 时间: 2015-1-26 15:34
总结的太好！抱走谢谢楼主！

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