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标题: OG12-11 which 如何判断是指代核心词还是就近指代？ [打印本页]
作者: 若雪    时间: 2011-1-6 19:43
标题: OG12-11 which 如何判断是指代核心词还是就近指代？
在看OG12的时候看到这道题There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.


A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid


B. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them


C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid


D. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them


E. that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid


E选项OG说which修饰mud or clay not bricks所以错。所以想问下which什么时候指代核心词？
谢谢各位啦。。
作者: lonelyorchid    时间: 2011-1-6 23:35
答案D吧？很久没看语法了，不敢确定了。。。
which一定指就近成分，即逗号前的第一个名词，或者名词性的词。
如果没有记错的话， GMAT里面能够只带中心词的只有that，当然特例就是使用同位语+which
作者: 若雪    时间: 2011-1-7 10:19
嗯...谢谢~那这种情况是怎么回事呢？

Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.

核心词指代－ETS认为此题的which指代the effects，毫无疑问，cost这个动词表明的指代对象为复数，非effects莫数。
作者: 若雪    时间: 2011-1-7 23:03
唔...自己顶下~~UP~~
作者: 20110102    时间: 2011-1-8 11:32

E. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay,but the most extensively used method has been that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid in the wall in mud mortar.

我把E选项的主语主干bold 出来了，所以可以看到这句话是两个句子加一个从句。
核心指代词在这里指的是which，在这个句子里 which指的是mud or clay
因为which只能指代最靠近它的那个词，或者如果是, which 可以指代之前的一整个句子

但根据原句意，应该指代的是bricks，这边一直在解释砖头的制作工艺，所以改变了句意。

作者: lonelyorchid    时间: 2011-1-8 13:43
嗯...谢谢~那这种情况是怎么回事呢？

Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.

核心词指代－ETS认为此题的which指代the effects，毫无疑问，cost这个动词表明的指代对象为复数，非effects莫数。
-- by 会员 若雪 (2011/1/7 10:19:04)



楼主要对介词在句子中的作用加深理解呀。
the effects （of drug and alcohol abuse）. <=the effect才是which前的名词。括号内是 介词 of 以及介词宾语 drug。。。组成的介宾短语，做 effects的后制定语。所以 D and A abuse 不能够单独被which修饰（因为不在一个级别）。或者用通俗的话说， effect是这个名词性词组的中心语，which要指代中心语（我不喜欢这种解释，因为不能很好地说明为什么effect是中心语，则其他部分就不能被指代。不过貌似好像大家对中心语的解释很接受……）
作者: 若雪    时间: 2011-1-8 14:51

E. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay,but the most extensively used method has been that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid in the wall in mud mortar.

我把E选项的主语主干bold 出来了，所以可以看到这句话是两个句子加一个从句。
核心指代词在这里指的是which，在这个句子里 which指的是mud or clay
因为which只能指代最靠近它的那个词，或者如果是, which 可以指代之前的一整个句子

但根据原句意，应该指代的是bricks，这边一直在解释砖头的制作工艺，所以改变了句意。

-- by 会员 20110102 (2011/1/8 11:32:25)

恩恩看了两遍终于明白了~谢谢吖~~
作者: 若雪    时间: 2011-1-8 14:51
嗯...谢谢~那这种情况是怎么回事呢？

Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.

核心词指代－ETS认为此题的which指代the effects，毫无疑问，cost这个动词表明的指代对象为复数，非effects莫数。
-- by 会员 若雪 (2011/1/7 10:19:04)




楼主要对介词在句子中的作用加深理解呀。
the effects （of drug and alcohol abuse）. <=the effect才是which前的名词。括号内是 介词 of 以及介词宾语 drug。。。组成的介宾短语，做 effects的后制定语。所以 D and A abuse 不能够单独被which修饰（因为不在一个级别）。或者用通俗的话说， effect是这个名词性词组的中心语，which要指代中心语（我不喜欢这种解释，因为不能很好地说明为什么effect是中心语，则其他部分就不能被指代。不过貌似好像大家对中心语的解释很接受……）
-- by 会员 lonelyorchid (2011/1/8 13:43:28)



原来中心语是这个意思啊...我看大家一致都在说中心语中心语我还以为是句子的核心意思....恩恩谢谢~
作者: huatne    时间: 2011-8-1 17:29
嗯...谢谢~那这种情况是怎么回事呢？

Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.

核心词指代－ETS认为此题的which指代the effects，毫无疑问，cost这个动词表明的指代对象为复数，非effects莫数。
-- by 会员 若雪 (2011/1/7 10:19:04)




楼主要对介词在句子中的作用加深理解呀。
the effects （of drug and alcohol abuse）. <=the effect才是which前的名词。括号内是 介词 of 以及介词宾语 drug。。。组成的介宾短语，做 effects的后制定语。所以 D and A abuse 不能够单独被which修饰（因为不在一个级别）。或者用通俗的话说， effect是这个名词性词组的中心语，which要指代中心语（我不喜欢这种解释，因为不能很好地说明为什么effect是中心语，则其他部分就不能被指代。不过貌似好像大家对中心语的解释很接受……）
-- by 会员 lonelyorchid (2011/1/8 13:43:28)



Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.【OG12th-111正确句子】
如果按照这个原则来分析的话，construction是construction of Roman Colosseum短语的中心词，which应该指代construction才对，但读一下句子就知道which实际是就近指代the Roman Colosseum。
这样不就和之前两位分析的矛盾了嘛！
求指点！
作者: weh232    时间: 2013-2-28 20:41
嗯...谢谢~那这种情况是怎么回事呢？

Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business more than $100 billion a year.

核心词指代－ETS认为此题的which指代the effects，毫无疑问，cost这个动词表明的指代对象为复数，非effects莫数。
-- by 会员 若雪 (2011/1/7 10:19:04)





楼主要对介词在句子中的作用加深理解呀。
the effects （of drug and alcohol abuse）. <=the effect才是which前的名词。括号内是 介词 of 以及介词宾语 drug。。。组成的介宾短语，做 effects的后制定语。所以 D and A abuse 不能够单独被which修饰（因为不在一个级别）。或者用通俗的话说， effect是这个名词性词组的中心语，which要指代中心语（我不喜欢这种解释，因为不能很好地说明为什么effect是中心语，则其他部分就不能被指代。不过貌似好像大家对中心语的解释很接受……）
-- by 会员 lonelyorchid (2011/1/8 13:43:28)




Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.【OG12th-111正确句子】
如果按照这个原则来分析的话，construction是construction of Roman Colosseum短语的中心词，which应该指代construction才对，但读一下句子就知道which实际是就近指代the Roman Colosseum。
这样不就和之前两位分析的矛盾了嘛！
求指点！
-- by 会员 huatne (2011/8/1 17:29:54)



觉得上面的解释有问题，我是这么理解的，非限定性which首先应该是就近修饰名词，但是它的修饰内容是不会对句子理解产生影响的，即使去掉了也没关系，记得某NN说过，逗号+which修饰的应该是个裸奔的名词，前面的中心词必然有修饰成分，那么which指代的应该是前面没被修饰过的修饰成分

求拍砖



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