标题: 求助费费两道题---100+102 [打印本页] 作者: pipi198906 时间: 2010-11-10 17:16 标题: 求助费费两道题---100+102 Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct. Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist, Dr. Ladlow’s evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.
100. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Anson’s argument? (A) Dr. Ladlow’s evidence that his theory generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze is inaccurate. (B) Psychologists who can derive consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze from their theories cannot responsibly conclude that those theories cannot be disproved. (C) No matter how responsible psychologists are, they can never develop correct theoretical explanations. (D) Responsible psychologists do not make predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. (E) Psychologists who accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect are responsible psychologists. 这道题正确答案为B，可是怎么看都不像！！为什么？
The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.
102. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument? (A) The brain of a person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia. - (B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment. (C) The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the brain of a person who is not a twin. (D) When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size. (E) People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.
第二题：题目给的是一种相关性，精神分裂和大脑的某个部分比较小。永远记住相关性不代表因果关系，X和Y有相关性，有四种可能的关系，X导致Y，Y导致X，Z导致了X、Y，X和Y互相作用。B选项排除了Y（精神分裂）导致X（大脑某个部分比较小）的可能性，进而支持了原结论：X（大脑某个部分比较小）导致Y（精神分裂），它就是假设。作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2010-11-10 22:08
For the first one, look at the statement made by Mr. Anson: Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.
Then write a contrapositive thereof: Psychologist who do not always accept the possiblity that their theories might be disproved are not responsible. This is pretty much what answer B is saying if you plug in what Dr. Ladlow did.作者: gkast 时间: 2010-11-11 00:00
schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain. so: damage of the brain -> schizophrenia.
(B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.
B says: schizophrenia is NOT -> smallness of certain parts of the brain