The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not. Thus, flood-control projects are expensive engineering mistakes and a substantial waste of resources.
Which of the following, if true, would be most damaging to the argument above?
(A)Those areas that had not suffered flood damage before 1980 are the only ones that have not adopted flood-control measures
(B)Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood damage than they did in the previous decade
(C)The cost of flood damage has increased every year since 1980
(D)Faulty engineering has not been the only cause of the failure of flood-control projects
(E)The amount of rainfall since 1980 has been substantially greater than normal
答案是E，对吗？
请楼主公布正确答案!
我觉得A答案说得太绝对化!
B则是加强了结论
C
E则设计了一个前题，来解膝为什么会出现题目中出现的现象，从而对结论进行了有效的削弱!
所以我认为是E!
Actually, I choose B
The argument presents that the adoption of flood control measure brings about different cost of damage between two kinds of areas. Choice manifests that the different cost of damage between two kinds of areas might result from the heavier flood in the area adopting flood-control projects.
啊呀，不好意思，今天下午没有在网上...
其实这道题是我偶然看到的，因为大全里没有，所以贴上来了，没有什么特殊性，答案是A
i agree with A.
coz A tells us that two different areas are under different weather condition and thus the comparation is not persuasive or convincing.
B is wrong in that it only says that it suffers greater damage than before but it does not say why it suffers greater damage with the aid of flood-control project . and for this reason , it dose not weaken the argument.
The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not. Thus, flood-control projects are expensive engineering mistakes and a substantial waste of resources.
Which of the following, if true, would be most damaging to the argument above?
(A)Those areas that had not suffered flood damage before 1980 are the only ones that have not adopted flood-control measures
自从1980以来，那些采取了防洪措施的地区比那些没有采取措施的地区遭受了更大的洪水损害；因此，防洪工程是一项昂贵的工程失误，并且浪费了大量的资源。
问：最能损害文章推理的
A， 1980年前那些没有遭受洪水损害地区只是那些没有采取措施的地方。
--------------------------
大家都说这个是说明初始条件的不同，可是，我怎么也想不通。
我的推理：由A可知：
采取了措施的地方，一定是1980年前有遭受洪水损害地区。
而没有采取措施的地方，可能是1980年前有洪水，也可是1980年前没有洪水。
这是如何推导出没有工程也可能会比修工程受更小损失的？
有了洪水灾害，人们修了工程，结果修了工程的地方比没修的地方损害更大。虽然没修工程的地方1980年前没有洪水，那1980后，也可能会有洪水发生。
举例，黄河1980年有洪水修了工程，长江1980年前没洪水也没修工程，松花江1980年前有洪水，没有修工程；结果黄河受了更大的灾；科学家说这是工程失误。工程师反对说：1980年前没有受灾只是没有修工程的地方，如长江。 言下之意就是没有修工程又没有洪水，在1980年后一定出现 更小规模的洪水。这是怎么推的嘛。
即便把A改为：只有那些没有采取措施的地方在1980年前没有遭受洪水损害地区。
也没有告诉你未修工程1980年后的洪水情况呀。
1980年前有没有洪水，受多大damage，与1980年后有没有受洪水，无关嘛。为何可以比较？
请帮我想通这个问题吧。
我觉得这题大家想得有点过于复杂化了。题中说：1980年以来实施洪水控制措施地区的洪患比没有实施洪水控制措施的地区还严重，由此认为洪水控制措施代价高昂、浪费资源。
问如何削弱？A 指出未遭洪患的地区＝没有实施洪水控制措施的地区
把它带入题中，大家可以看出“1980年以来实施洪水控制措施地区的洪患比未遭洪患的地区还严重”。很明显，未遭洪患的地区洪患为零，而遭受洪患的地区无论实施了何种有效洪水控制措施都不可能使洪患小于零。所以不能就此认为洪水控制措施代价高昂、浪费资源。
The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not. Thus, flood-control projects are expensive engineering mistakes and a substantial waste of resources.
注意cost
(A)Those areas that had not suffered flood damage before 1980 are the only ones that have not adopted flood-control measures
说明cost大的原因：没遭水灾的地方压根没有任何投入。
考试碰到这种题，肯定死菜。
i agree with the analysis by jetrong. I think the key is E
Wonder why I did not see this post before. I choose A. I am not going to explain why A is correct. I would tell you why B and E are not
B. Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood damage than they did in the previous decade.
ETS is getting much smarter with their wrong choices. The problem with B is that it says the "flood damage" has been greater than before. It could not dispute the argument. On the contrary, there being more damage is actually supporting the argument because it can be used as evidence that the flood control is a waste of resources as the flood damage is worse.
I think that those who picked B did not read the choice very carefully. They might have misunderstood it. If I changed it a bit "Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood than they did in the previous decade". I just removed the word "damage". Now B is correct because the worsening damage can be explained by the worse flooding.
E is not correct. The reason is very simple and those who picked E should rethink their approach towards CR. In the question the argument is comparing two types of regions: one with flood control and one without. However, E does not dinstinguish between the two types of regions at all. It simply says there is more rainfall. We can safely presume that both types of regions received more rainfall. Identical conditions can not be used to explain differences here. Those who picked E might have thought that only the region who had the flood control had more rainfall.
Wonder why I did not see this post before. I choose A. I am not going to explain why A is correct. I would tell you why B and E are not
B. Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood damage than they did in the previous decade.
ETS is getting much smarter with their wrong choices. The problem with B is that it says the "flood damage" has been greater than before. It could not dispute the argument. On the contrary, there being more damage is actually supporting the argument because it can be used as evidence that the flood control is a waste of resources as the flood damage is worse.
I think that those who picked B did not read the choice very carefully. They might have misunderstood it. If I changed it a bit "Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood than they did in the previous decade". I just removed the word "damage". Now B is correct because the worsening damage can be explained by the worse flooding.
E is not correct. The reason is very simple and those who picked E should rethink their approach towards CR. In the question the argument is comparing two types of regions: one with flood control and one without. However, E does not dinstinguish between the two types of regions at all. It simply says there is more rainfall. We can safely presume that both types of regions received more rainfall. Identical conditions can not be used to explain differences here. Those who picked E might have thought that only the region who had the flood control had more rainfall.
再三思之，觉得总教头言之有理！
考试如果有这题，真是惨了。。。。。
Wonder why I did not see this post before. I choose A. I am not going to explain why A is correct. I would tell you why B and E are not
B. Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood damage than they did in the previous decade.
ETS is getting much smarter with their wrong choices. The problem with B is that it says the "flood damage" has been greater than before. It could not dispute the argument. On the contrary, there being more damage is actually supporting the argument because it can be used as evidence that the flood control is a waste of resources as the flood damage is worse.
I think that those who picked B did not read the choice very carefully. They might have misunderstood it. If I changed it a bit "Since 1980, those areas that have taken flood-control measures have suffered greater flood than they did in the previous decade". I just removed the word "damage". Now B is correct because the worsening damage can be explained by the worse flooding.
E is not correct. The reason is very simple and those who picked E should rethink their approach towards CR. In the question the argument is comparing two types of regions: one with flood control and one without. However, E does not dinstinguish between the two types of regions at all. It simply says there is more rainfall. We can safely presume that both types of regions received more rainfall. Identical conditions can not be used to explain differences here. Those who picked E might have thought that only the region who had the flood control had more rainfall.
我同意B和E不对，但我还是想不通A为什么对，
题干是：The cost of flood damage since 1980 has been greater in areas that have adopted flood-control measures than in those that have not. Thus, flood-control projects are expensive engineering mistakes and a substantial waste of resources.
A选项是：
Those areas that had not suffered flood damage before 1980 are the only ones that have not adopted flood-control measures
A说before 1980的事情，和题目中的since 1980，完全不是一回事呀。这在argue中，都可以作为没有可比性去反驳的呀。
我也有相同的问题 A为何对 逻辑中的一个常见错误就是时间地点不对 A谈论的时间不对啊
如果我考试中碰到 会选B 选项的阅读太重要了
It is just common sense again. Those areas never suffered any flood damage before 1980. The chance that they suffer flood damage is slim after 1980. The climate condition normally does not change much, do you agree? However, Dan never had over $100 in his possession before 1980. We can not conclude using common sense that Dan would more than likely have no more than $100 in his possession, because the financing standing changes over time.
Understand the sentence, and think.
我开始选了B, 经过大家分析明白了。多谢大家的分析。
B ?...it seems better......?
mindfree,
Thank you for your kind response. However, can we use the common sense in the logic since you assumed that the climate condition does not change .Right?
I find it is hard to connect one thing with another . In this case, from choice A , I can only understand the situation before 1980, but i cannot infer from A to get the picture of situation after 1980. Do you have any suggestion to improve my sense of connection?
Thank you very much.
(D)Faulty engineering has not been the only cause of the failure of flood-control projects
i think D makes sense too. (am i too off the hook?
) from D you can even infer to A or some other "reasons". can NN comment on this?
这种题目在考试现场一般要蒙。我是找一个与原命题因果陈述中原因密切相关的句子，这里只有A、B。但B有明显的错误（支持而非否定原命题），所以选了A。我觉得这个方法比较有效，大家不妨试试
不仅纠正了偶的一个逻辑思维误区，而且还领略了MINDFREE的AA的功底，N分不是随便就能拿到的，埋头苦练中！
Mindfree大侠说了E为什么错，我说说A为什么对：由于现在没有实行blood-control的地区都是，且仅是那些80年前没有blood damage的地区，所以说现在实行blood-control的地区以前就有blood-damage,也就是说他们基础本来就比那些没有实行的差，现在即使开始实行blood control了，也不能一下子赶上。所以WEAKEN了题目
下面这倒题和楼主出的题有异曲同工之妙。逻辑思路和出题套路都是一样的，我想大家弄明白一个，再遇到这类题就不怕了。
（XDF补充244）
Critics of sales seminars run by outside consultants point out that since 1987,revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees attended consult ant-led seminars were lower than revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees did not attend such seminars. The critics charge that for vacuum cleaner companies, the sales seminars are ill conceived and a waste of money.Which of the following,fi true,is the most effective challenge to the critics of sales seminars?
A).Those vacuum cleaner companies whose sales were highest prior to 1987 are the only companies that did not send employees to the seminars.
B).Vacuum cleaner companies that have sent employees to sales seminars since 1987 experienced a greater drop in sales than they had prior to 1987.
C). The cost of vacuum cleaner sales seminars run by outside consultants has risen dramatically since 1987.
D). The poor design of vacuum cleaner sales seminars is not the only reason for the ineffectiveness.
E).Since 1987,sales of vacuum clearners have risen twenty percent.
Answer:A
B太有迷惑性了。仔细读懂A，就看出是在两种地区之间比较不同，说明没有可比性。
Mindfree大侠说了E为什么错，我说说A为什么对：由于现在没有实行blood-control的地区都是，且仅是那些80年前没有blood damage的地区，所以说现在实行blood-control的地区以前就有blood-damage,也就是说他们基础本来就比那些没有实行的差，现在即使开始实行blood control了，也不能一下子赶上。所以WEAKEN了题目
下面这倒题和楼主出的题有异曲同工之妙。逻辑思路和出题套路都是一样的，我想大家弄明白一个，再遇到这类题就不怕了。
（XDF补充244）
Critics of sales seminars run by outside consultants point out that since 1987,revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees attended consult ant-led seminars were lower than revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees did not attend such seminars. The critics charge that for vacuum cleaner companies, the sales seminars are ill conceived and a waste of money.Which of the following,fi true,is the most effective challenge to the critics of sales seminars?
A).Those vacuum cleaner companies whose sales were highest prior to 1987 are the only companies that did not send employees to the seminars.
B).Vacuum cleaner companies that have sent employees to sales seminars since 1987 experienced a greater drop in sales than they had prior to 1987.
C). The cost of vacuum cleaner sales seminars run by outside consultants has risen dramatically since 1987.
D). The poor design of vacuum cleaner sales seminars is not the only reason for the ineffectiveness.
E).Since 1987,sales of vacuum clearners have risen twenty percent.
Answer:A
再仔细看看B，这个damage不留神就错过了。
比较一下，只能选A。可是，我记得gmat里应该尽量不用common sense才对。
A.
乍看这一题的时候我头脑里什么逻辑也没有，也不觉得A是答案。
后来看了前辈们的帖子才觉得A的确是答案，老美的思维和中国人就是不一样啊，要是他把A换个说法：那些没有防洪措施的地方都是1980年以前没有发过洪水的地方，可能理解起来会好一些吧，不知道我的想法逻辑上正确否？
乍看这一题的时候我头脑里什么逻辑也没有，也不觉得A是答案。
后来看了前辈们的帖子才觉得A的确是答案，老美的思维和中国人就是不一样啊，要是他把A换个说法：那些没有防洪措施的地方都是1980年以前没有发过洪水的地方，可能理解起来会好一些吧，不知道我的想法逻辑上正确否？
偶认为你理解的非常对。偶踏着NN们的脚印，试着解释一下。A的选项就是说，那些没有防洪措施的地方都是1980年以前没有发过洪水的地方，暗含的逻辑关系就是：那些地方本来就不需要什么防洪措施，比如在沙漠地区，当然不会因洪水造成损失，或者说洪水在沙漠地区造成的损失为Zeros（哈哈，CD的管理员）。而常有洪水的地区，比如两广地区，拼命地花老鼻子的钱建水库，修大坝，减少了当地80%的洪涝灾害，但和从来就没有水的沙漠地区的零灾害相比，这些采取防洪措施的地区的洪涝灾害还是很多。其实题目和选项的结合揭示了一个他因，就是自然条件（即气候因素）导致了灾害的不同，而不是人工的措施。当然是削弱了。
这确实属于难题，就是一步看不出推理过程的。请指正讨论。
看了mindfree的解释才发现对B看的不仔细。flood damage和flood一字之差，结论正好相反。汗!!!!
想太复杂了吧。
A是它因啊
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