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标题: 求助prep 74_ but 后主语省略问题 [打印本页]

作者: bdsjb116 时间: 2010-9-20 15:13
标题: 求助prep 74_ but 后主语省略问题
刚才在看prep的语法注解

首先是例句:
1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary
Hispanic authors.
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors.
第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而
第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句
子中的it不能省略.

接着我看到第74题

74. (28503-!-item-!-188;#058&003635)
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of
natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are
(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are

按照例句的方法，but前有逗号后面需要完整的主谓结构，所以就选了B。但这题答案是D，解释是:
(A) due to +动词的抽象名词形式,表达不够有效；not…but…连接的结构不平行。
(B) due to +动词的抽象名词形式,表达不够有效; they多余, 破坏了 sth/sb be not… but (be)…的结构
(C) but可能作为介词,产生because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random
by-products的歧意
(D) 正确，but are表明了but在这里只能作为连词,构成be not… but (be)…的平行结构
(E) because of +动名词形式,表达不够有效

我就纳闷了，既然是连词，前后又有逗号，为什么后面可以省略主语呢...

作者: pumpkin 时间: 2010-9-21 02:31
说句简单的，我看这个句子 due to 肯定排除了，词组修饰不明确

不明白楼上说的省略主语省略什么了。这个是直接的平行结构题目。

作者: bdsjb116 时间: 2010-9-21 02:54
回斑斑...

今天review prep语法，先看到那个例句说如果是连词，前面有逗号，后面要补充出来了主语。就是按照例句的话“1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary
Hispanic authors.
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors.
第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而
第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句
子中的it不能省略.”

因此说Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.就是不正确的，因为第二个动词前面有一个逗号，所以it就需要补充出来。

于是我就依葫芦画瓢做了下面那题，想着but和and一样是连词，but前面有个逗号，于是“想都没想”直接选了B. 所以就郁闷了。后来看解释发现是所谓的not be, but be格式。所以我觉得那个例句有点误导，是说but和and不一样呢，还是理论上Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.不加it也是正确的...

希望我说明白了...

作者: flyingblue12 时间: 2010-9-21 21:22

回斑斑...

今天review prep语法，先看到那个例句说如果是连词，前面有逗号，后面要补充出来了主语。就是按照例句的话“1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary
Hispanic authors.
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors.
第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而
第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句
子中的it不能省略.”

因此说Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.就是不正确的，因为第二个动词前面有一个逗号，所以it就需要补充出来。

于是我就依葫芦画瓢做了下面那题，想着but和and一样是连词，but前面有个逗号，于是“想都没想”直接选了B. 所以就郁闷了。后来看解释发现是所谓的not be, but be格式。所以我觉得那个例句有点误导，是说but和and不一样呢，还是理论上Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.不加it也是正确的...

希望我说明白了...

-- by 会员 bdsjb116 (2010/9/21 2:54:30)

我明白你的意思。。因为我正好也看到相同的问题了。。。。
07 PREP 语法笔记：

注意以下两个句子的区别:

1.Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.

2.Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.

第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句子中的it不能省略.

08语法笔记：
223.(GWD-23-Q23)
After several years of rapid growth, the health care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to doctors and hospitals.

A.while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to

B.while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business and fell months behind in its payment to

C.but then it proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its paying

D.but then proving unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying(E)

E.but then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying

选项分析：

E．Correct。Proved主动也可以表示被动，but后面省略了it，因为主语相同。

补充说明：
but后面本来是应该加句子的，但是在主语相同的情况下可以省略主语。

这里的补充说明感觉跟07版矛盾了啊。。。搜索了一下，多数是强调并列句子时第二个主语可以省略，但是这里不是并列句子，而是but链接的两个独立句子，按照07的说法，是不能省的吧？

作者: bdsjb116 时间: 2010-9-23 02:24
找到了一个例子新prep 197，答案是D，把it补充出来了

197.(31514-!-item-!-188;#058&005971)(GWD-8-Q20)

Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.

A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States
create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States
create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States
, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States
created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States
not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it

作者: elvis0214 时间: 2010-11-1 09:33

-- by 会员 bdsjb116 (2010/9/21 2:54:30)

我明白你的意思。。因为我正好也看到相同的问题了。。。。
07 PREP 语法笔记：

注意以下两个句子的区别:

1.Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.

2.Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.

-- by 会员 flyingblue12 (2010/9/21 21:22:14)

有相同疑问。不是很明白。
另外，此题为什么不能选c呢？07prep解释的似乎不是很在理。
be not..., but be可以这样用？

作者: horsecc 时间: 2011-3-24 13:04
be not..., but be 我刚开始也是觉得这样不妥求解释

作者: 坤kun 时间: 2011-4-23 11:50
再把这个帖子顶起来，同问为什么but后面的they不用补出来~

作者: luhanqi 时间: 2011-11-13 16:17
同问。。。看的我一头雾水

作者: cptbtptp 时间: 2011-11-29 15:38
今天看到另一个句子，更晕了同样是省略了主语：

（219）   GWD-23-Q23
After several years of rapid growth, the healthy care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to doctors and hospitals.

A.   while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to
B.   while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business and fell months behind in its payment to
C.   but then it proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its paying
D.   but then proving unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying
E.   but then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying

E the best

逗号后面直接用 but then proved..... ，省略了主语。
不明白啥时候可以省略主语，啥时候必须补充 it。

作者: cptbtptp 时间: 2011-11-30 16:55
顶起来希望NN看到帮忙解释下啦~

作者: joshurman 时间: 2012-1-30 03:30
网上找到的一个解释，感觉比较合理。归根到底是一个平行和歧义的问题。虽然 “are not...but are” 和 “are not...but” 都可以构成平行，但是由于 But 可以做介词意思为“除去...”，所以用在这里会产生歧义。如果用 but are 那么 but 就肯定是个连词了，从而消除歧义。favored because they can enhance the reproduction or survival, but simply by-products of ... 这个可以理解为因为他们可以增强再生和生存能力，但不会增强...的副产品。但是作者实际的意思是让But后面和not那一部分平行。

Your first thought here probably was - and should be - parallelism. However, you're right that 'are not ... but are' and 'are not ... but' would both be legitimately parallel constructions in this context. So, the reasoning goes, we should take the one with one fewer word. Right?

Here's the problem: In the context of this longer, more complicated sentence, the 'but' (without 'are' after it) is, unfortunately, ambiguous. Consider this sentence:
Jimmy was not the typical class president, loved by most of the students, but also hated by a fair number as well; rather, he was loved by all the students.
The most probable reading here is that all of the words 'loved by most of the students, but also hated by a fair number as well' are a description of 'the typical class president.'

If you look at choice C, it can be read this way; one could (probably should, even) take ALL the words '...favored because they enhance reproduction or survival, but simply random byproducts...' as an elaboration on the phrase 'products of natural selection'.
It's harder to see than in the example of Jimmy, above, for two reasons:
(1) Because of the way the original sentence is written, you're biased toward reading the sentence the way it's 'supposed' to be written. (In the example with Jimmy, there's no prompt sentence, so you're free to read it as you like.)
(2) It's longer.

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-30 05:36
ls正解
其实如果要用一句话归纳有关“省略”的问题，可以说：在没有歧义的情况下可以省略，否则不可以。
甭管是什么comparison的省略、平行结构的省略，甚至"that" 这种词的省略，全都可以这么理解，万变不离其宗。
不妨把那些GMAT说不能省略的题拎出来，看看乱省略怎么就影响意思表达、出现歧义了
再把那些GMAT说能省略的题拎出来，看看这些情况为什么就没有歧义

作者: Suri在奋斗 时间: 2012-1-30 19:37

ls正解
其实如果要用一句话归纳有关“省略”的问题，可以说：在没有歧义的情况下可以省略，否则不可以。
甭管是什么comparison的省略、平行结构的省略，甚至"that" 这种词的省略，全都可以这么理解，万变不离其宗。
不妨把那些GMAT说不能省略的题拎出来，看看乱省略怎么就影响意思表达、出现歧义了
再把那些GMAT说能省略的题拎出来，看看这些情况为什么就没有歧义

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/30 5:36:34)

我选c，原来，be not ···but (be)也是平行的一种呀···我就以为是 be not ···but呢，歧义？？

作者: h14zpsn 时间: 2012-2-20 05:13

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/30 5:36:34)

我选c，原来，be not ···but (be)也是平行的一种呀···我就以为是 be not ···but呢，歧义？？

-- by 会员 Suri在奋斗 (2012/1/30 19:37:51)

C还有一个错误就是说后面的its paying，明显这里的paying是作名词了，应该用payment代替paying~

作者: mashengyi 时间: 2012-2-20 15:14
楼主你好,我觉得74那个but 不是连词。应该是not ...but ...一个平行结构,而且我觉得应该选C应该are 在not 前面。

作者: yiqing2012 时间: 2012-10-22 23:19
为什么没有人觉得是因为有“, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival,”这个修饰成分在，所以but前才会有逗号的？

作者: kakadinho 时间: 2013-10-5 09:29
复习到这里，觉得很同意baby姐的思路。能不能省略and后面的主语，和and前面有逗号没有关系，这又是一个grammar invented by Chinese;

还是要看整个句子怎样说更clear without ambiguity.

1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary
Hispanic authors. 这个句子省略主语不用说，清晰明了，谁都能懂
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors. 这个句子逗号前后连时态都不一样，如果不补出主语，是有点不够清晰的，所以补出了it。

而74. 的they不用补出也明确能知道是traits，所以就可以省略。

作者: wangwanwang 时间: 2014-9-27 18:40
顶楼上，baby姐说的太对了，困惑总算解决了，用有无逗号判断太不准了，唯一原则就是clear避免歧义

作者: zhangchenge 时间: 2015-4-26 19:08
有没有NN能解释一下这里的favored because they enhance reproduction or survival 是做什么成分，是用来修饰前面的 products of natural selection的吗？在句意上怎么理解啊？谢谢！

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