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标题: OG 12th Diagnostic Test 49 [打印本页]
作者: guanwzy    时间: 2010-7-12 23:51
标题: OG 12th Diagnostic Test 49
As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American teacher, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.
(A) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including
(B) Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include
(C) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included
(D) one of the most influential artists in the American theater was Stella Adler, who trained several generations of actors including
(E) one of the most influential artists in the American theater, Stella Adler, trained several generations of actors whose ranks included
我选的是B，答案是C，无法理解。。。
作者: sfstm    时间: 2010-7-12 23:53
我也选B，占楼，看牛牛解答~~~
作者: JayNicholas    时间: 2010-7-13 10:31
只能在abc里面选， a 的定语从句前面是american theater 修饰错误      b who include 错误    c  其实我觉得这里用including 更正确一点
作者: 2002zerogery    时间: 2010-7-13 10:49
B,D,E都反了同一个错误就是重心转移，
A中who修饰错误，虽然C长的很不像正确答案，但是也说不上来错哪里

回2楼，C中用了whose ranks就不能用Including了，这里included 作谓语用
作者: 红尘道士    时间: 2010-7-13 11:03
我也觉得C中的training用的非常牵强
但是B中应该用included过去式
作者: luckxiang    时间: 2010-7-13 11:19
同意3楼的解释，原文重心是说Stella是一个很有影响力的艺术家。但B的话，重心却是Stella 培养一些人。。。
作者: canols    时间: 2010-7-13 12:41
OG没解释么，我觉得是表达更effective的问题，B太多修饰成分

As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American teacher, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.
(A) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including
(B) Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who includ
(C) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included
(D) one of the most influential artists in the American theater was Stella Adler, who trained several generations of actors including
(E) one of the most influential artists in the American theater, Stella Adler, trained several generations of actors whose ranks included
我选的是B，答案是C，无法理解。。。
-- by 会员 guanwzy (2010/7/12 23:51:27)

作者: guanwzy    时间: 2010-7-13 12:47
这里"whose ranks"是什么意思啊。。。
作者: sfstm    时间: 2010-7-13 13:52
这里"whose ranks"是什么意思啊。。。
-- by 会员 guanwzy (2010/7/13 12:47:48)




同问！
作者: sfstm    时间: 2010-7-13 13:52
只能在abc里面选， a 的定语从句前面是american theater 修饰错误      b who include 错误    c  其实我觉得这里用including 更正确一点
-- by 会员 JayNicholas (2010/7/13 10:31:26)



同问！而且C中后面的training....难道是做sb was a actor的伴随状语？？？太诡异了~~同时什么叫做whose ranks?感觉没说完啊~~~

我觉得句子重心是最后才能考虑的事情吧~~不能一看语法题就先从句子重心下手吧？
作者: sfstm    时间: 2010-7-13 13:53
B,D,E都反了同一个错误就是重心转移，
A中who修饰错误，虽然C长的很不像正确答案，但是也说不上来错哪里

回2楼，C中用了whose ranks就不能用Including了，这里included 作谓语用
-- by 会员 2002zerogery (2010/7/13 10:49:40)



同问！而且C中后面的training....难道是做sb was a actor的伴随状语？？？太诡异了~~同时什么叫做whose ranks?感觉没说完啊~~~

我觉得句子重心是最后才能考虑的事情吧~~不能一看语法题就先从句子重心下手吧？
作者: feifeizoe    时间: 2010-8-2 23:03
这里涉及一个关系从句的修饰问题：

情况1 有逗号：
A do B, who XXXXX.  => who修饰B
A do B, Ving XXXXX.  => Ving修饰A

情况2：无逗号
A do B of C whose XXXX =>whose 修饰C
A do B of C Ving XXXX =>ving 修饰B

再看原文：
As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American teacher, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.

(A) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generationsof actors including
(B) Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include
(C) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actorswhose ranks included
作者: ryuu217    时间: 2010-10-29 17:32
这里涉及一个关系从句的修饰问题：

情况1 有逗号：
A do B, who XXXXX.  => who修饰B
A do B, Ving XXXXX.  => Ving修饰A

情况2：无逗号
A do B of C whose XXXX =>whose 修饰C
A do B of C Ving XXXX =>ving 修饰B

再看原文：
As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American teacher, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.

(A) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generationsof actors including
(B) Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include
(C) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actorswhose ranks included
-- by 会员 feifeizoe (2010/8/2 23:03:58)



是不是这个意思呢

1.定语从句要紧跟它所修饰的名词
A do B, who XXXXX.  => who修饰B
A do B of C whose XXXX =>whose 修饰C

2.分词短语在句尾表伴随状态，主语为主句的主语。
A do B, Ving XXXXX.  => Ving修饰A

3.这个是不是作宾补啊，如果宾补成立的话，宾语是B所以修饰B。
A do B of C Ving XXXX =>ving 修饰B
作者: Bosscat23    时间: 2011-7-16 15:18
上上楼的正解~！
作者: viviyl    时间: 2011-7-16 16:32
A do B of C Ving XXXX =>ving 修饰B
这是哪种情形呢，谁举个例子~求解~~
作者: bejamin1111    时间: 2013-3-1 23:21
og解释是generations of actors中心词是generations. 而后文列出了两个演员，所以用whose ranks而不是who
作者: jhanas    时间: 2013-5-4 10:46
bejamin1111 发表于 2013-3-1 23:21
og解释是generations of actors中心词是generations. 而后文列出了两个演员，所以用whose ranks而不是who ...

什么叫做generations of actors whose rank的意思是啥啊？
作者: ys2441    时间: 2013-9-21 16:24
jhanas 发表于 2013-5-4 10:46
什么叫做generations of actors whose rank的意思是啥啊？

同问，这道题到现在都没有人解释这句话的意思吗……语法我都懂，就是意思卡住了啊！
作者: HyeHye    时间: 2013-9-22 07:01
对于前辈们的解释，在这里总结一下:
A Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including,——"who"紧跟在"theater"后面，被认为"who"更容易修饰"theater"而不是"Stella Adler"
B Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include —— "who"修饰了"generations"而不是"actors",因为"A of B" 的中心词是"A"(这里指generation)。" ... generations include Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro"  错。同时这里时态应为过去时"included"与前面主句一致而不是一般时"include"。
C Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included —— "whose"同样修饰"generations"；"several generations' ranks" 指"几代人"根据 Longman词典中的解释
2 the ranks
a) the people who belong to a particular organization or group
in/within ... ranks
There were splits in the party ranks on this issue.
The Democrats now face opposition from within their own ranks.
the ranks of
Most are recruited from the ranks of people who studied Latin and Greek at university.
That summer I left school and  joined the ranks of (= became one of )  the unemployed.

因此" several generations of actors whose ranks included Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro." 应解释为“几代的演员中包括Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro”应为正确选项





作者: caroline莲莲    时间: 2013-10-1 14:22
情况2：无逗号
A do B of C whose XXXX =>whose 修饰C
A do B of C Ving XXXX =>ving 修饰B

-------------------
我怎么觉得whose...也应该修饰中心词B。不管是whose...还是v-ing...在这里都是noun modifier, 都应该遵循touch原则
作者: yuki9293    时间: 2013-10-17 22:01
ranks 在这里应该是“（群体的）成员”的意思，actors whose ranks included就是演员这个群体的成员包括MB和RDN
作者: cc_mm    时间: 2014-8-20 09:45
如果是这两个选项做对比:
(B) Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who included
(C) Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included

可以选(B)吗？
作者: taohui2014    时间: 2014-9-14 22:44
回LS：我认为改后B仍不对。按照语义理解，who还是应该修饰generations,因为generations of actors 中心词还是generations。 而且，最后的理由是整个句意强调重心改变
作者: sprinttime    时间: 2014-10-6 22:46
我认为several generations of actors who/whose...中的who和whose都应该是就近修饰的actors

我之前也觉得应该是修饰中心词generations，但是大家可以用google精确查找一下（加上双引号），比如我用下面的关键字查找出了很多英文书里面的原句：

“a class of students whose”

列一个例子在下面：

there has been a class of students whose major interest has been outside of mechanical engineering...

这里class是中心词，但是whose却是修饰的students。类似的例子还有很多，大家可以自己去试一下。
作者: Jagabee    时间: 2015-5-23 23:37
同意楼上说的 who/whose应该修饰actor 这样就说得通OG认为选项A中including用法错误是因为several generations of actors including, 现在分词修饰noun phase 'generations of actors", 而generations included M.D & R.D.N 并不恰当. 相反, several generations of actors whose....修饰的是actors, actors including M.D & R.D.N 就符合逻辑多了.

关于选项A, 我不认为who因为就近theater就有修饰它的嫌疑, 无论是从语法还是句意上都不可能产生此推断, 感觉出题者并无此意.
包括这套模拟题的43题，.....the proportion of the judfes and partners at major law firms WHO are women has not risen comparably. 位置而言, who离“firm"更近，但并无修饰firm的嫌疑而是修饰”PARTNERS at major law firms."
要是选择A中的who有修饰上的歧义，那也应该是因为根据句意，它似乎可以修饰one(aka Stella Adler, 成立）也可以修饰influential artists (不成立).

作者: yangmuhua89757    时间: 2016-8-17 21:22
Jagabee 发表于 2015-5-23 23:37
同意楼上说的 who/whose应该修饰actor 这样就说得通OG认为选项A中including用法错误是因为several generati ...

同意你说的who修饰没有问题 但是感觉A选项including修饰actor 题中的意思是想要修饰generations所以换成C whose ranks include更加合适 因为曼哈顿上说定语从句可以跳跃of结构修饰前面的名词 open to discuss!
作者: Jagabee    时间: 2016-10-1 20:31
yangmuhua89757 发表于 2016-8-17 21:22
同意你说的who修饰没有问题 但是感觉A选项including修饰actor 题中的意思是想要修饰generations所以换成C ...

重新看回这道题, 我觉得选项A的主要问题还是在于who. 虽然没有修饰theater的嫌疑, 但是它即可指SA也可指artists, 改变句意.

你说的including也是一个问题, 好像理解为generations或actors都可以. 这个也是我回头看觉得排掉b有点困难, 因为这个include指的对象是generation而不是actor是根据句子的intended meaning来的. 原题的提示就在于它选择的演员, 搁中国就是不说新生代演员跟你强调”李小龙,"“洪金宝” 很快就会反应过来.

这道题感觉作为non-native speaker读第一次容易抓不到exact intended meaning, 容易在语法上钻牛角尖, 或者过快地错误排除不熟悉的用法. Ron大神也说了if you have to figure out the meaning in retrospect - after noticing a split, then that's a failure of step one. 所以这道题还是对句意的把握要求比较高.



作者: yangmuhua89757    时间: 2016-10-2 09:09
Jagabee 发表于 2016-10-1 20:31
重新看回这道题, 我觉得选项A的主要问题还是在于who. 虽然没有修饰theater的嫌疑, 但是它即可指SA也可指a ...

貌似明白你的意思了 你的意思是who歧义可以修饰SA 说SA是培养了很多人包括。。。。 也可以说SA是有影响力的艺术家，这些艺术家培养了很多人包括。。。谢谢你的回复 收获很大！
作者: adsdsd    时间: 2016-10-3 01:24
HyeHye 发表于 2013-9-22 07:01
对于前辈们的解释，在这里总结一下:
A Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the Amer ...

透彻的分析！
作者: fesche    时间: 2016-10-19 14:04
个人浅见：首先B不对的地方并不是因为 “trained several generations of actors who include” who修饰的是generations而不是actors，好比 A of B that， that可以修饰A或者B，具体要看句意，如果AB单复数不一致看that后面的谓语决定。

这里的问题是actors who include的逻辑用法。引用一下RON在论坛对include用法的解释：

if you say "tools that include X", then X is A COMPONENT of the tools. so, for instance, "tools that include a bottle opener" means that a bottle opener is one of many attachments.

on the other hand, "tools(,) including X" implies that X is ONE OF the tools. so, for instance, "tools(,) including a bottle opener" means that the bottle opener itself is one of the tools in question.

同理，actors who include 这里的用法是上述的第一种，include后面的内容是actors的属性。

Beathegmat里面的解释是：
B is incorrect for one of my favorite reasons - it's illogical. The GMAT has evolved to include more of these logic/accuracy errors (instead of adding new grammatical categories as it adds difficulties), and your job here is to check to see if the sentence actually makes sense.

"actors who include" would indicate that the actors themselves have Marlon Brando and Robert DeNiro. But the actors are Brando and DeNiro - they don't possess them.

希望对大家有帮助
作者: AnnieFFish    时间: 2016-11-2 14:03
fesche 发表于 2016-10-19 14:04
个人浅见：首先B不对的地方并不是因为 “trained several generations of actors who include” who修饰的 ...

同意！ 记得RON说过 A OF B 结构后面的东西到底修饰A还是修饰B是看句意的

想问一下C里面的whose ranks指代的应该是前面整个generations of actors吧？
作者: fesche    时间: 2016-11-4 16:49
AnnieFFish 发表于 2016-11-2 14:03
同意！ 记得RON说过 A OF B 结构后面的东西到底修饰A还是修饰B是看句意的

想问一下C里面的whose ranks ...

我觉得是修饰前面的generations of actors的~
作者: AnnieFFish    时间: 2016-11-4 21:16
fesche 发表于 2016-11-4 16:49
我觉得是修饰前面的generations of actors的~

恩 GOT IT
^ ^
作者: zoeysnowy    时间: 2017-1-7 09:20
feifeizoe 发表于 2010-8-2 23:03
这里涉及一个关系从句的修饰问题：情况1 有逗号：A do B, who XXXXX.  => who修饰BA do B, Ving XXXXX ...

同意！               
作者: cheermeng    时间: 2017-1-17 20:06
典型主系表结构加COMMA-ING。PREP08其实言及过这个问题，但是prep08错误得认为ING作为定语修饰主语或表语（由此可见prep08胡诌的地方很多，且存在逆向总结的倾向）。

实际上这里的COMMA-ING的内容和一般SVO+COMMA+Ving中所起到的作用一样，都是修饰Verb（包括Verb后面的对象）--给予其更多的信息，而这些信息主要是further description/details/subordinate action。（当然comma VERBing还可以起到表达同时所发生的结果simoutaneous consequence，这个是后话)

As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, training several generations of actors whose ranks included 蓝色部分说明红色部分，详细说明Stella如何（how）是一名有影响力的教练，或者说如何影响他人--他是通过训练几代名伶成为有影响力的教练。

同样的主系表加逗号ing还有两个经典例子。

For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment,protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.蓝色部分说明木盾是是如何至关重要的。

The greatest road system built in the Americas prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus, the Incan highway was over 2,500 miles long,extending from northern Ecuador through Peru to Southern Chile. 同样，蓝色内容给予长达2500公里这一主句更多信息。
作者: rippenliu    时间: 2017-7-19 06:39
我特别想知道原文的重心是怎么判断的？这里所谓的“原文”不是划线的五个选项吗，那五个选项哪个语法对了意思清晰就能被称为“原文”啊。我觉得”原文重心“这种解释有点马后炮，对着答案说的。
作者: 张迪清    时间: 2017-8-4 11:20
HyeHye 发表于 2013-9-22 07:01
对于前辈们的解释，在这里总结一下:
A Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the Amer ...

同意！               
作者: 猪小王    时间: 2018-3-9 03:50
补充一点：

选项B中，OG2018给出的解释是：This construction, in which the subject is both preceded and followed by modifiers, is awkward; the verbs should be consistently in the past tense, but include is present tense.

原句：As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler was one of the most influential artists in the American theater, who trained several generations of actors including Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.
B：As an actress and, more importantly, as a teacher of acting, Stella Adler, one of the most influential artists in the American theater, trained several generations of actors who include Marlon Brando and Robert De Niro.
我理解OG解释是说标红的两个modifiers放在Stella Adler前后，让整个句子的意思混乱。而且，one of the most influential artists in the American theater成了modifier，跟原句的意思不一样。原句强调主系表：Stella Adler是谁，verb-ing补充她干了什么。

再者，OG2018强调whose ranks include修饰actors，而不是generations。


作者: balakong    时间: 2019-2-23 21:12
感谢分享！               
作者: imavenxx    时间: 2019-4-17 00:27
感谢分享！               



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