Principle : During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway
2
Principle :
A double-blind study is the most effective procedure for testing the efficacy of a drug
Anti- consideration: Butwe will not be able to perform such a study on this new drug, since the drug will have various effects
3 Fact : The interstitial nucleus is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats???Principle
A neurobiologist performed… and found that …(Evidence)
but, the hypothalamus is known not to be causallylinked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.
Consideration : Thus,the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not (Factor)
4很重要 （另见分析）
一般看到Consequently， 都认为后面为结论，前面就是Evidence or Premise.
但要注意这题虽然大方向相似，但各句的 function 却别具一格 。
5
Fact ：
Gasoline-powered boat engines contribute significantly to …(Background ???)
In 1990, however, the government imposed …
Evidence (cause and effect)
Asthe older boat engines fail to pass inspection, boat owners are increasingly retiring their old engines in favor of newer, less-polluting boat engines.
Conclusion :As a result,the amount of pollution … will steadily decrease over the next en years.
6
Background
首句：Plants 。。。tend to measure。---（Principle ???/ Fact ??? ）
Evidence
Botanists have discovered that …and zinc is the cause and not merely an effect ( Fact)
7 注意这种题型
To A … , must have B(Premise ???)A à B 非Bà非AOK/BàA 错
not have any connections
Have B --- Part of Evidence(必要条件)
not financed – 虽然no financed, 可能有other connections---细节
So A --- conclusion that could not be drawn from all evidencethat the argument contains. A不能由B推出
8 另见分析
Premise：The survival of 。。。depends upon
Fact ：Over the past several years,。。。(Must me true)
Evidence：As the availability … and as … , the public has less need
（cause and effect ?）
Inference : So the publishing industry is threatened by the advance of the computer information age.
被威胁--- 属于隐晦的词汇。 联想： 遭受打击/ 不受欢迎 。。。
第4题：should be placed ？？？
如果是结论的话，应该说怎么威胁了，要展现威胁的结果。publishing industry 倒了几间，或者市场范围缩小了等明确的词汇。
9
Conclusion ：
首句：Something must be done to ease traffic congestion
Evidence ：
traditional small towns, people used to
but now
Traffic congestion is so heavy on all roads that（Fact ？？？）
Method/Strategy/Advice/Suggestion
So new businesses should be encouraged to locate closer to where their workers would live.