ChaseDream

标题: 对于OG12的120至127题的分析。 [打印本页]

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:30
标题: 对于OG12的120至127题的分析。
Jon Clark’s study of the effect of
the modernization of a telephone
exchange on exchange maintenance
Line work and workers is a solid contribution
(5) to a debate that encompasses two
lively issues in the history and sociol-
ogy of technology: technological
determinism and social constructivism.
Clark makes the point that the char-
(10) acteristics of a technology have a
decisive influence on job skills and
work organization.

ut more strongly,
technology can be a primary determi-
nant of social and managerial organ-
(15) ization. Clark believes this possibility
has been obscured by the recent soci-
ological fashion, exemplified by
Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes
the way machinery reflects social
(20) choices. For Braverman, the shape of
a technological system is subordinate
to the manager’s desire to wrest con-
trol of the labor process from the
workers. Technological change is
(25) construed as the outcome of negoti-
ations among interested parties who
seek to incorporate their own interests
into the design and configuration of the
machinery. This position represents
(30) the new mainstream called social con-
structivism.
The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism: technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society. The alternative to
constructivism, in other words, is to
view technology as existing outside
(40) society, capable of directly influencing
skills and work organization.
Clark refutes the extremes of the
constructivists by both theoretical and
empirical arguments. Theoretically he
(45) defines “technology” in terms of rela-
tionships between social and technical
variables. Attempts to reduce the
meaning of technology to cold, hard
metal are bound to fail, for machinery
(50) is just scrap unless it is organized
functionally and supported by approp-
riate systems of operation and main-
tenance. At the empirical level Clark
shows how a change at the telephone
(55) exchange from maintenance-intensive
electromechanical switches to semi-
electronic switching systems altered
work tasks, skills, training opportuni-
ties, administration, and organization of
(60) workers. Some changes Clark attrib-
utes to the particular way management
and labor unions negotiated the intro-
duction of the technology, whereas
others are seen as arising from the
(65) capabilities and nature of the technol-
ogy itself. Thus Clark helps answer
the question: “When is social choice
decisive and when are the concrete
characteristics of technology more
important?”

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:31
120. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) advocate a more positive attitude toward
technological change
(B) discuss the implications for employees of the
modernization of a telephone exchange
(C) consider a successful challenge to the
constructivist view of technological change
(D) challenge the position of advocates of
technological determinism
(E) suggest that the social causes of technological
change should be studied in real situations

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:42
本文是一篇典型的观点陈述性文章。提出了Clark的观点，驳斥了breaverman的观点。A 文章并没有明确提出technological change的更积极的观点。
B 主题体型中不能出现非主题词，如employee。
C 驳斥了一个关于technological change的观点。
D challenge technological determinism，这和作者的观点相左。
E suggest social cause? 这和作者的观点相左。
所以选择 C

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:43
121. Which of the following statements about the
modernization of the telephone exchange is supported
by information in the passage?
(A) The new technology reduced the role of
managers in labor negotiations.
(B) The modernization was implemented without the
consent of the employees directly affected by it.
(C) The modernization had an impact that went
signifi cantly beyond maintenance routines.
(D) Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized
by the new technology.
(E) The modernization gave credence to the view of
advocates of social constructivism.

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:46
由于题目中出现了具体的单词the telephone exchange ，所以定位，At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semi-electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportuni-ties, administration, and organization of workers. 因此可以发现the telephone exchange 有巨大的影响，因此 C。

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:47
122. Which of the following most accurately describes
Clark’s opinion of Braverman’s position?
(A) He respects its wide-ranging popularity.
(B) He disapproves of its misplaced emphasis on
the infl uence of managers.
(C) He admires the consideration it gives to the
attitudes of the workers affected.
(D) He is concerned about its potential to impede
the implementation of new technologies.
(E) He is sympathetic to its concern about the
impact of modern technology on workers.

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:51
定位braverman 在第二段，首先明确clark和braverman是有不同观点的，clark通过驳斥braverman来支持自己的观点，因此排除 A和C， E，sympathetic带有强烈的感情色彩，支持就是支持，不支持就是不支持，没有什么同情不同情的，所以排除。定位braverman，For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager’s desire to wrest con-trol of the labor process from the workers. 因此选择B。

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:51
123. The information in the passage suggests that which
of the following statements from hypothetical
sociological studies of change in industry most clearly
exemplifi es the social constructivists’ version of
technological determinism?
(A) It is the available technology that determines
workers’ skills, rather than workers’ skills
infl uencing the application of technology.
(B) All progress in industrial technology grows out
of a continuing negotiation between
technological possibility and human need.
(C) Some organizational change is caused by
people; some is caused by computer chips.
(D) Most major technological advances in industry
have been generated through research and
development.
(E) Some industrial technology eliminates jobs, but
educated workers can create whole new skills
areas by the adaptation of the technology.

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 10:58
constructivist关于technological change的观点是什么呢？
The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization. 所以选择A。

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:02
124. The information in the passage suggests that Clark
believes that which of the following would be true if
social constructivism had not gained widespread
acceptance?
(A) Businesses would be more likely to modernize
without considering the social consequences of
their actions.
(B) There would be greater understanding of the
role played by technology in producing social
change.
(C) Businesses would be less likely to understand
the attitudes of employees affected by
modernization.
(D) Modernization would have occurred at a slower
rate.
(E) Technology would have played a greater part in
determining the role of business in society.

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:06
Put more strongly,technology can be a primary determi-nant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion。clark相信technology已经被obscured，所以取否就是clark的观点了。(B) There would be greater understanding of the
role played by technology in producing social change.
迷惑项是E，the role of business,not mentioned.

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:06
125. According to the passage, constructivists employed
which of the following to promote their argument?
(A) Empirical studies of business situations involving
technological change
(B) Citation of managers supportive of their position
(C) Construction of hypothetical situations that
support their view
(D) Contrasts of their view with a misstatement of
an opposing view
(E) Descriptions of the breadth of impact of
technological change

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:09
constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism. misrepresenting 和misstatement 是一个意思。所以是D.

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:09
126. The author of the passage uses the expression “are
supposed to” in line 27 primarily in order to
(A) suggest that a contention made by
constructivists regarding determinists is
inaccurate
(B) defi ne the generally accepted position of
determinists regarding the implementation of
technology
(C) engage in speculation about the motivation of
determinists
(D) lend support to a comment critical of the
position of determinists
(E) contrast the historical position of determinists
with their position regarding the exchange
modernization

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:14
定位：The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism: technological determinists are
supposed to believe, for example, that
machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society. 从constructivist的观点来描述determinist的观点肯定是不准确的，所以用 supposed to believe，表示的是一种假设。A

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:14
127. Which of the following statements about Clark’s study
of the telephone exchange can be inferred from
information in the passage?
(A) Clark’s reason for undertaking the study was to
undermine Braverman’s analysis of the function
of technology.
(B) Clark’s study suggests that the implementation
of technology should be discussed in the context
of confl ict between labor and management.
(C) Clark examined the impact of changes in the
technology of switching at the exchange in
terms of overall operations and organization.
(D) Clark concluded that the implementation of new
switching technology was equally benefi cial to
management and labor.
(E) Clark’s analysis of the change in switching
systems applies only narrowly to the situation at
the particular exchange that he studied

作者: pterosaur 时间: 2010-6-7 11:15
这个很简单，C 不赘述了！

作者: birdmiao 时间: 2010-8-28 11:19
Clark的观点: Clark makes the point that the char-
(10) acteristics of a technology have a
decisive influence on job skills and
work organization.
--> 科技会影响job skills and work organization

CS用来误解TD的观点：The alternative to
constructivism, in other words, is to
view technology as existing outside
(40) society, capable of directly influencing
skills and work organization(逻辑主语：technology).
--> 不大明白的是“科技的确会影响job skills and work organization”，这就是CS的观念，何来误解之说呢？

作者: bsbandjay2 时间: 2010-9-4 17:19
这篇文章是我在OG上唯一没看懂的一篇

作者: chillstone 时间: 2010-11-29 22:46
127我觉得并不是那么简单，我刚开始错误地选择了A，Clark的观点就是为了反驳Braverman的甚至120的正确答案也是为了这篇文章是驳斥constructivist的view的。

后来想了下，问题就出在braveman不能代表所有的constructivist阿！常见的逻辑谬误了。。。

作者: 冰城恋 时间: 2010-12-7 11:16
好吧。。。8个错5个。。。飙泪中~~~

作者: 螺丝刀 时间: 2010-12-13 21:57
第一遍看的时候基本没有对的TAT

作者: gesteven 时间: 2011-2-17 02:34
基本难到看不懂啊

作者: imjourney 时间: 2011-3-5 17:58
求高手翻译下全文吧。。。。

作者: heruofan 时间: 2011-5-15 21:37
这题着实太难看懂了.....我看到这篇就想到他们说的考试＞GWD＞OG 我就傻眼了.....我OG平均一篇错2题....要死了...诶

作者: heruofan 时间: 2011-5-15 21:39
感觉这道题关键就在于理解第三段....太绕了...从sc的角度去理解td...而且那个alternative和in other words指代的理解不了....诶

作者: 豆菲 时间: 2011-8-29 21:27

感觉这道题关键就在于理解第三段....太绕了...从sc的角度去理解td...而且那个alternative和in other words指代的理解不了....诶

-- by 会员 heruofan (2011/5/15 21:39:05)

同意，同求第三段翻译

作者: yangyaci 时间: 2012-11-1 16:52

唯一欣慰的一点是不止我一个人被这篇文章给纠结死

作者: marseill 时间: 2012-11-13 22:04
我看了半天没明白,粗略翻译一下, 凑活看看吧.

C的研究是一个很好的贡献,对于一个争论--围绕两个主要的问题:技术决定或社会构建.
C认为技术对工作技能和工作组织是一个主要的影响. 技术能决定社会和管理组织. C认为他的观点被流行的社会学搞模糊了. 例如B的分析,强调机器反应社会选择. B认为, 科技系统的样式比管理者想要控制工人的劳动过程次要. 技术的改变更像是一个希望寻找结合他们的兴趣和机器功能的组织协商的结果. 这个观点就是现在流行的社会构建论.
构建论学者通过混淆科技决定论来得到承认,例如说:技术决定支持去相信机器强加合适的形态给社会. 替代结构论的观点应该是技术存在于社会之外, 能够直接影响技能和工作组织.(我感觉这是重复第二段开头C的话)
C否定结构学家的极端观点通过理论上和经验上两方面. 理论上,他定义科技是社会和技术变量的一个关系. 他尝试减少把科技认为是冰冷的,因为机械只是破铁,除非有特别的功能并被有组织的使用和维护. 经验上,C展示电话从一种什么什么转变成另一种什么什么. 一些变化C归因为管理层和公会沟通引进技术,另一些是一种科技自身的能力和本能. 所以C帮助回答了问题:何时社会选择重要,何时科技重要.

作者: ring86326 时间: 2013-5-25 21:45
这篇OG文章难再选项上而不是文章本身。选项很多对文章的变体不是那么的直接

作者: lionsue 时间: 2013-9-16 20:28

chillstone 发表于 2010-11-29 22:46
127我觉得并不是那么简单，我刚开始错误地选择了A，Clark的观点就是为了反驳Braverman的甚至120的正确答案 ...

不知这位还来不来CD，只想和你握手下，我今天看这篇和你一样一样的疑问，你解释的这个最后一题的A我觉得能说服我了。。觉得OG的解释有问题，因为全文真的没看出来是在同时address 社会决定论和科技决定论的extremes。明明最后一段开头只说了C refute了社会决定论的极端。我百度就是为了这题的A，辗转半天才来到这个帖子。。唉。
你现在还好么？

作者: ljwqlcl881703 时间: 2013-11-1 22:54

lionsue 发表于 2013-9-16 20:28
不知这位还来不来CD，只想和你握手下，我今天看这篇和你一样一样的疑问，你解释的这个最后一题的A我觉得 ...

同学麻烦您要上CD 帮忙再看下这篇OG13 倒数第三篇里的123题文章所对应的第三段说的意思不是社会具有的决定worker' skills 的能力么而且说了科技存在于社会之外的然而A选项说的科技决定了worker's skills 这不是矛盾的么？
还有个问题文章在41行也说了从经验层面上看C展示的那句话意思不也是说技术的改变altered work tasks, skilss, training...... 不也是说科技影响了worker's skills么这不应该是the social constructivist 对于technological determinism的理解么？这样儿的话逻辑怎么混乱了感觉好晕！路过的NN也帮忙看看吧谢谢

作者: lionsue 时间: 2013-11-4 00:44

ljwqlcl881703 发表于 2013-11-1 22:54
同学麻烦您要上CD 帮忙再看下这篇OG13 倒数第三篇里的123题文章所对应的第三段说的意思不是社会具 ...

123的问题就是问哪个假定的研究结论符合constructivism所认为的科技决定论的情况。
第三段的后半部分The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization。里明确说了 constructivism 所认为的科技论是这样看待科技的：----- is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization。就是说--------认为科技是存在于社会外而且能够直接影响技能和工作组织的。
只有A选项里说了科技影响技能这点。

这题是很难，这篇文章我觉得逻辑意思不是非常清楚和流畅的，毕竟都是删节文，而且这种文史哲的都比较深奥经不起删节。
第三段描述的是C门派眼中的科技决定论是怎样的。他们是1.相信机器赋予了社会以秩序。2.认为科技是存在于社会之外的，能够直接影响技能的。

作者: sshfb 时间: 2013-11-4 23:56
恨不得拿砖把自己拍死，看着答案解析都还是懵懵懂懂。。。。。。。。。。。。

纪念自己最惨烈的正确率，8个只对了2个。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

作者: IdiotYAO 时间: 2013-11-25 21:55
加油加油加油！！！！

作者: 兰心寒 时间: 2013-12-12 22:06
这是否算篇文科类文章？为什么CD上童鞋们的中文解释我想说，我都读不懂啊~ 郁闷~

作者: sissiyu 时间: 2014-2-10 21:44
做的让人头皮发麻，四肢抽搐了都。。。

作者: zzloveyibo 时间: 2014-3-30 20:45
看来我8个对5个还是可以的。。。。

作者: Serenasunshine 时间: 2016-5-22 11:53

chillstone 发表于 2010-11-29 22:46
127我觉得并不是那么简单，我刚开始错误地选择了A，Clark的观点就是为了反驳Braverman的甚至120的正确答案 ...

对哦！幡然醒悟。。。。B的观点知识contructivism的一个例子，文章第四段说作者通过理论和实践来反驳CS，没有说明是B！！

作者: 上汤胡萝卜 时间: 2016-9-16 11:35
刚刚好像发错帖子了。并不知道怎么删除，但是这边好像还有人在！想交流一下！

刚好今天做到这一篇，做的时候一脸懵逼，看了好久都没有看懂就把文章剖析了一下，翻译参考了GWD的中英文，可能一些还不是很准确。其实通过抓一些关键词作者的观点还是很清晰的。只是用了好长时间，考试的时候要是碰到这个肯定慌慌张张的跪了。三级阅读残废心好痛，考试的时候技巧都跟死了一样怎么办_(:зゝ∠)_。。

Jon Clark’s study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.
JC关于转接电话台现代化给转接台维修和工人带来的影响的研究，从科技的历史和社会层面为一个包含两个热点话题：科技决定论和社会结构论, 的争论提供了有力的证据

Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager’s desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.
JC指出科技的特征对工作技术和组织结构有着决定性的影响。更进一步说，科技可以成为社会和管理组织中最关键的因素。JC认为，这个结论被一些近期流行的社会学派模糊了，比如B的分析，其中强调机器其实是一种社会选择。对于B来说，科技系统只是管理者希望更好的管理劳动过程而引出的分支。科技的改变被解释为寻找不同利益集团协商的结果，他们把自己的利益的实现建立在那些机器的设计和布局当中。这个观点就代表了新的主流的思想，叫做社会结构说。

The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.
但是这个结构说被接受只是因为它扭曲了科技的决定性：科技决定应该被相信，比如科技决定论应该被相信是因为机器决定并产生了合适的社会结构. 结构论的另一种理论，换句话说，就是把科技视为社会之外存在的东西，有能力直接影响技术和组织结构。

Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines "technology" in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semi-electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself. Thus Clark helps answer the question: "When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?"
JC从理论和经验两个方面反驳这些极端的结构学家。理论上，他从社会和技术变量的关系上定义“科技”。试图减少听起来就会科技、坚硬金属的固有印象，把科技的意义减少到只有冰冷、坚硬金属的尝试注定都是要失败的，因为除非很有功能性的并且被合适的系统操作和维护，否则机器只是废料。从经验的层面，JC展示了电话转接台是如何从维修为主的电力转换器开关向半自助的电力转换系统开关系统转变，并且改变工作内容、技术、训练机会、管理和工人的组织结构。JC把一些改变归于管理层与劳动联盟协商技术引进的个别方式，而另一些改变来自技术本身的性能及类型。这样，JC 就回答了：“什么时候社会选择有决定性和什么时候科技的特征更重要？”的问题。

【逻辑简图】
JC’s study is a solid contribution to debate two issues: technological determinism and social constructivism. C decisive evidence… C believes obscured; exemplified….. C refutes the extreme… Thus, C helps answer….

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological change
B. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchange (A\B只讲了一个层面)
C. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological change
D. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism （相反）
E. suggest that the social causes of technological change should be studied in real situations（没有提到）

2. Which of the following statements about the modernization of the telephone exchange is supported by information in the passage?
A. The new technology reduced the role of managers in labor negotiations.(B观点是相反，JC只是说这个说法不对，没有说反面就是对的)
B. The modernization was implemented without the consent of the employees directly affected by it. （有影响）
C. The modernization had an impact that went significantly beyond maintenance routines.
D. Some of the maintenance workers felt victimized by the new technology.
E. The modernization gave credence to the view of advocates of social constructivism.（JC主要反驳的观点）

3. Which of the following most accurately describes Clark’s opinion of Braverman’s position?
A. He respects its wide-ranging popularity.
B. He disapproves of its misplaced emphasis on the influence of managers.（定位原文第二段technological system is subordinate to the manager’s desire）
C. He admires the consideration it gives to the attitudes of the workers affected.
D. He is concerned about its potential to impede the implementation of new technologies.(本身concerned没有问题但是后面的内容和原文不符)
E. He is sympathetic to its concern about the impact of modern technology on workers.

4. The information in the passage suggests that which of the following statements from hypothetical sociological studies of change in industry most clearly exemplifies the social constructivists’ version of technological determinism?(问的是social constructivists对于tech deter的理解不是他们自己的观点！！！)
A. It is the available technology that determines workers’ skills, rather than workers’ skills influencing the application of technology.
（定位到第三段： to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.）
B. All progress in industrial technology grows out of a continuing negotiation between technological possibility and human need.（是constructivists自己的观点）
C. Some organizational change is caused by people; some is caused by computer chips.
D. Most major technological advances in industry have been generated through research and development.
E. Some industrial technology eliminates jobs, but educated workers can create whole new skills areas by the adaptation of the technology.

5. The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?(JC觉得他们扭曲了，没有扭曲的观念就应该被接受，也就是科技应该对社会结构有影响的)
A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.（作者并没有完全否认social的部分）
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.
C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.
D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.
E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.（machinery和tech，和role of business无关）

6. According to the passage, constructivists employed which of the following to promote their argument?
A. Empirical studies of business situations involving technological change
B. Citation of managers supportive of their position
C. Construction of hypothetical situations that support their view
D. Contrasts of their view with a misstatement of an opposing view（定位原文第三段The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism）
E. Descriptions of the breadth(宽度) of impact of technological change

7. The author of the passage uses the expression "are supposed to" in highlight text primarily in order to
A. suggest that a contention made by constructivists regarding determinists is inaccurate
B. define the generally accepted position of determinists regarding the implementation of technology（只是constructivists的结论）
C. engage in speculation about the motivation of determinists(原文没有提过motivation)
D. lend support to a comment critical of the position of determinists（反了！！）
E. contrast the historical position of determinists with their position regarding the exchange modernization（也反了！！）

8. Which of the following statements about Clark’s study of the telephone exchange can be inferred from information in the passage?
A. Clark’s reason for undertaking the study was to undermine Braverman’s analysis of the function of technology.（迷惑选项，JC做研究不是为了专门反驳B的结论，而是B的结论刚好在他要反驳的理论中，只是很小的一部分）
B. Clark’s study suggests that the implementation of technology should be discussed in the context of conflict between labor and management.(Implementation 并不是本文想讨论的重点，重点是反驳tech的作用被缩小)
C. Clark examined the impact of changes in the technology of switching at the exchange in terms of overall operations and organization.
D. Clark concluded that the implementation of new switching technology was equally beneficial to management and labor.（提到implementation就不对）
E. Clark’s analysis of the change in switching systems applies only narrowly to the situation at the particular exchange that he studied.（想表达的关系和全文主旨无关）

作者: midorik 时间: 2016-12-25 09:03
踢一脚这个题，123题里面
The information in the passage suggests that which of the following statements from hypothetical sociological studies of change in industry most clearly exemplifies the social constructivists’ version of technological determinism
A. It is the available technology that determines workers’ skills, rather than workers’ skills influencing the application of technology.
（定位到第三段： to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.）
从定位句可以推断出A的前半句，然而这个后半句的rather than是怎么体会的啊，百思不得其解，求NN解答

作者: 奋斗小女子 时间: 2017-5-9 22:54

chillstone 发表于 2010-11-29 22:46
127我觉得并不是那么简单，我刚开始错误地选择了A，Clark的观点就是为了反驳Braverman的甚至120的正确答案 ...

同意！

作者: 奋斗小女子 时间: 2017-5-9 22:56

lionsue 发表于 2013-9-16 20:28
不知这位还来不来CD，只想和你握手下，我今天看这篇和你一样一样的疑问，你解释的这个最后一题的A我觉得 ...

我也是！ 4年前的这位，隔着时空握手吧

作者: alisonraoxi 时间: 2019-2-14 22:51
感谢分享！

作者: alisonraoxi 时间: 2019-2-18 22:17
mark……错的最惨的一篇

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