220. For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.
(A) For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788,
(B) Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years,
(C) Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788,
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,（E）
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
逗号隔开，非限制修饰。
即使是defined而不是describe, a hundred years=a period , beginning in 1788修饰a period =修饰a hundred years，那又
会产生什么歧义呢？
请nn指点。
,就是defined的原因。逗号隔开，非限制修饰。
那又如何呢?非限制定语从句修饰普遍的性质,有定义的意味,同位语也是这样吗,没有从语法书中找到答案,请指教,谢谢!
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
非限制性修饰就是补充说明，解释，不起到限定的作用，那么 a hundred years = a period beginning in 1788，显然逻辑错误。
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
而限制性修饰有限定的作用，如E选项就限定说明是从1788年开始的100年，而不是其它时段的一百年。
还想在问问各位nn，为什么在我的印象里现在分词相当于非限制性定语从句，并非表示限制的意思
在og1就体现的很清楚，可本题beginning毫无疑问是在修饰years，而且是限制修饰，这到底是怎么回事，清大伙帮我看看
1. The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.
(A) occurring when a child
(B) occurring when children
(C) that occurred when a child
(D) that occurred when they were children
(E) that has occurred as each was a child
分词前面有逗号, 就是非限定性修饰; 前边没有逗号才是限定性修饰.
258. The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning（A）
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
In B, the structure of noted... that the elephant, giving rides..., had been earning falsely implies that the reader already knows about the elephant—that is, that the existence of this particular elephant is not new information.
分词前面有逗号, 就是非限定性修饰; 前边没有逗号才是限定性修饰.
258. The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning（A）
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
In B, the structure of noted... that the elephant, giving rides..., had been earning falsely implies that the reader already knows about the elephant—that is, that the existence of this particular elephant is not new information.
258题里有关于非限定的解释么，我怎么没看到,b解释只是强调时态，并没有指出限定和非限定的区别，也就是部分与整体的概念，不知道真么说对不对，请nn帮我在看看吧
还有og1，是不是也涉及到分时和定语从句修饰的区别呢，还是说这里都可以用
我贴出来的OG258的解释就是讲限定性与非限定性的区别啊, 而且我觉得这道题的解释是OG分析限定性与非限定性区别最好的例子了. 不是NN, 但我也斗胆继续解释:
B. that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning: OG说这样的表达暗示了读者早就知道了这头大象. 因为前面是有逗号的分词, 所以整个分词结构就是非限定性修饰. 而非限定性修饰起的是解释说明的作用, 也就是说如果去掉这个修饰, 不影响理解, 因为他只是补充说明其特征罢了. 所以the elephant (注意用了定冠词the)...had been....就暗示大家已经认识那只大象. 比如说:
The book is on the table. 我说这句话的时候就预示着大家知道这本书是哪本书.
A book is on the table. 大家只知道有本书在桌上, 但具体是哪一本并不知道.
The book, regarding GMAT, is on the table. 即使去掉中间的分词结构, 大家也知道是那本关于GMAT的书在桌上, 而不是其他.
The book that explains GMAT is on the table. 如果把that引导的定语从句去掉就会影响理解. 因为这种表达的假设前提是大家并不知道这本书, 只有用了限定性定语从句才能让大家明白究竟哪本书在桌上.
所以A就不一样了, the elephant后面有that作限定性修饰., 其实限定性修饰就是把修饰对象narrow down. A限定了提到的大象究竟是哪头大象.
另外, 我觉得OG1里的两种用法都是限定性的.
希望能有帮助, 若有疑问, 欢迎继续讨论.
读了好几遍熏衣紫草的帖子，从中悟出了很多不懂的地方，看来以前主要收到了错误观点的影响，一直没有深究过，这次总算弄明白了，再次感谢
还想再问问，那如何区别分词和定语从句之间的用法呢，我指在和修饰语没有逗号隔开的时候
大家都是这样过来的. 我也是按照新东方的思路做了很久的题, 忽然有一天发现走不通, 才疯狂研究了一番.
对于同是做限定性修饰的分词和从句(其实还有with), 我也考虑了很久, 搜集了一些印证, 但总觉得自己的观点还不够成熟, 所以没有贴. 但我会尽量把它理出来, 哪怕错, 让大家一起讨论改正也是好的. 一定在你考之前完成! 一定! 还有8天是吧?
此"熏"非比"薰"也.
谢谢版主的协助，不过随便说一声离我考试只有3天了
版主觉得我这几天sc应该是看og呢，还是gwd的错题
下次一定注意不当别字先生
这是我的邮箱:tianjiong2001(＠) 126.C0M,在考前把你的总结发给我看看好么
thx，薰衣紫草
如果是我, 我会看GWD的错题.
3天?! 今天我就赶出来.
1. 非限制性修饰（从句，分词）表示补充说明，即使拿掉也不该影响句子主干的意思。而限制性修饰则是和被修饰成分有紧密逻辑关系的，不能拿掉。(OG220, 258)
During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
非限制性修饰就是补充说明，解释，不起到限定的作用，那么 a hundred years = a period beginning in 1788，显然逻辑错误。
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
而限制性修饰有限定的作用，如E选项就限定说明是从1788年开始的100年，而不是其它时段的一百年。
希望牛人过目这个帖子。黄色部分我还是不懂，为什么显然逻辑错误？
OG上说意义不一样, 想想也对. 100年只是一个数,不能表答是一个区间.而a period则是一个区间概念.
所以用a period去 define 那个100年就没有E好.
再问E答案.
本来我已经深信不疑不加逗号的ing为限定性的修饰前面的名词,但是看了OG237的解释后有觉得有问题.
237. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.
(A) may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other
(B) may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other
(C) are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other
(D) are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other
(E) are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other
OG解释C选项: the phrase "two stars that orbit each other " illogically suggests that there are two particular stars causing all the phenomena in question, rather than various set of stars in various locations.
即,E答案的ing是泛指所有天际中的任意一对星星.即非限定性的.
这和帖子中总结的结果不一样.
请大家给点意见~
今天读你的258贴,真是很佩服.不知道你能不能收到这封信,只是表示感想.准备G很苦,只是在看讨论的时候,你的清晰点拨,真是又让大家看到了希望.
谢谢.
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
非限制性修饰就是补充说明，解释，不起到限定的作用，那么 a hundred years = a period beginning in 1788，显然逻辑错误。
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
而限制性修饰有限定的作用，如E选项就限定说明是从1788年开始的100年，而不是其它时段的一百年。
(B) Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years错在哪里？？
翻出这张旧贴~~~~嘎嘎
我仔细看了各位前辈的讨论，大家都是围绕限定性和非限定性的讨论~~~可是我认为这里的a period是作为a hundread years的同位语，因此两者之间必然用逗号隔开，难道所有的同位语都是非限定性修饰~~都可以省去吗？？？
跪求各位指教~~~
自己顶!!!!
翻出这张旧贴~~~~嘎嘎
我仔细看了各位前辈的讨论，大家都是围绕限定性和非限定性的讨论~~~可是我认为这里的a period是作为a hundread years的同位语，因此两者之间必然用逗号隔开，难道所有的同位语都是非限定性修饰~~都可以省去吗？？？
跪求各位指教~~~
我认为同位语确实可以起非限定的作用, 即拿掉不影响原意, 但我觉得前辈讨论的同位语的范围比被解释的大或相等也不尽然, 因为同位语分几种
但本题用OG的解释是最管用的, 即是否能被defined as.
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=49876
楼上的疑问见此帖8楼。
同位语肯定是能修饰period,起解释的作用。我的问题是，同位语修饰，就是对名词的define么？
对于同位语和独立主格结构一直都十分模糊。
220. For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, England exiled some 160,000 criminals to Australia.
(A) For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788,
(B) Beginning in 1788 for a period of a hundred years,
(C) Beginning a period of almost a hundred years, in 1788,
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,（E）
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788,
同问，大家快来看看
明白了
首先，这道题是要说明100年要从1788年开始
其次，如果选D，同位语表示非限定成分，意味着可以去掉，不影响意思。但是，去掉之后句子就不能表达“100年要从1788年开始”了，我们也不能默认读者已经知道100年要从1788年开始这个事实，不能去掉！！！！
再次，正确答案E中，现在分词beginning 做限定成分，修饰100年，限定成分去掉会影响句意，表达了意思，符合不能去掉原则！！！
我贴出来的OG258的解释就是讲限定性与非限定性的区别啊, 而且我觉得这道题的解释是OG分析限定性与非限定性区别最好的例子了. 不是NN, 但我也斗胆继续解释:
B. that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning: OG说这样的表达暗示了读者早就知道了这头大象. 因为前面是有逗号的分词, 所以整个分词结构就是非限定性修饰. 而非限定性修饰起的是解释说明的作用, 也就是说如果去掉这个修饰, 不影响理解, 因为他只是补充说明其特征罢了. 所以the elephant (注意用了定冠词the)...had been....就暗示大家已经认识那只大象. 比如说:
The book is on the table. 我说这句话的时候就预示着大家知道这本书是哪本书.
A book is on the table. 大家只知道有本书在桌上, 但具体是哪一本并不知道.
The book, regarding GMAT, is on the table. 即使去掉中间的分词结构, 大家也知道是那本关于GMAT的书在桌上, 而不是其他.
The book that explains GMAT is on the table. 如果把that引导的定语从句去掉就会影响理解. 因为这种表达的假设前提是大家并不知道这本书, 只有用了限定性定语从句才能让大家明白究竟哪本书在桌上.
所以A就不一样了, the elephant后面有that作限定性修饰., 其实限定性修饰就是把修饰对象narrow down. A限定了提到的大象究竟是哪头大象.
另外, 我觉得OG1里的两种用法都是限定性的.
希望能有帮助, 若有疑问, 欢迎继续讨论.
顶！
明白了
首先，这道题是要说明100年要从1788年开始
其次，如果选D，同位语表示非限定成分，意味着可以去掉，不影响意思。但是，去掉之后句子就不能表达“100年要从1788年开始”了，我们也不能默认读者已经知道100年要从1788年开始这个事实，不能去掉！！！！
再次，正确答案E中，现在分词beginning 做限定成分，修饰100年，限定成分去掉会影响句意，表达了意思，符合不能去掉原则！！！
再顶！
| 欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.3 |