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标题: 很纠结，十分纠结，非常纠结，纠结纠结·og的三道题，谢谢 [打印本页]

作者: 小娟子nana 时间: 2010-3-28 00:39
标题: 很纠结，十分纠结，非常纠结，纠结纠结·og的三道题，谢谢
116
Firms adopting “profit-related-pay” (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the firm’s profits. In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts.
If, on the basis of the evidence above, it is argued that PRP contracts increase worker productivity, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken that argument?
(A) Results similar to those cited for the metalworking industry have been found in other industries where PRP contracts are used.
(B) Under PRP contracts costs other than labor costs, such as plant, machinery, and energy, make up an increased proportion of the total cost of each unit of output.
(C) Because introducing PRP contracts greatly changes individual workers’ relationships to the firm, negotiating the introduction of PRP contracts is complex and time consuming.
(D) Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time.
(E) In firms in the metalworking industry where PRP contracts are in place, the average take-home pay is 15 percent higher than it is in those firms where workers have more traditional contracts.

答案选d。其实我的疑惑和这个链接的疑惑差不多。
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-448283-1-1.html
就是该题的d项，想表达的是很多metalworking这个行业的公司已经升级了本公司的生产工具，而且大多数这些公司也采用了PRP的合共。
那难道competitor没有升级本公司的生产工具吗？如果连competitor也都升级了本公司生产工具，那么d对文章起到support的作用。但是如果competitor没有升级，那么d就起削弱作用。但是d项的many firm很难排除到底是否包括了competitor的，所以d选项有问题···请大侠们指教

120The earliest Mayan pottery found at Colha, in Belize, is about 3,000 years old. Recently, however, 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha. These implements resemble Mayan stone implements of a much later period, also found at Colha. Moreover, the implements\' designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times. Therefore, there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) Ceramic ware is not known to have been used by the Mayan people to make agricultural implements.
(B) Carbon dating of corn pollen in Colha indicates that agriculture began there around 4,500 years ago.
(C) Archaeological evidence indicates that some of the oldest stone implements found at Colha were used to cut away vegetation after controlled burning of trees to open areas of swampland for cultivation.
(D) Successor cultures at a given site often adopt the style of agricultural implements used by earlier inhabitants of the same site.
(E) Many religious and social institutions of the Mayan people who inhabited Colha 3,000 years ago relied on a highly developed system of agricultural symbols.

答案选d。d的意思是玛雅人模仿了早期文明的农业用具。可是题目中明明已经说了Moreover, the implements\' designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times.也就是说这种石质农具跟其他文明完全不同，那么这个农具只可能是玛雅人造的，那么这个题目的推理其实是无懈可击的。

痛苦中····

123

Outsourcing is the practice of obtaining from an independent supplier a product or service that a company has previously provided for itself.Vernon, Inc., a small manufacturing company that has in recent years experienced a decline in its profits, plans to boost its profits by outsourcing those parts of its business that independent suppliers can provide at lower cost than Vernon can itself.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that Vernon's plan will achieve its goal?

(A) Among the parts of its business that Vernon does not plan to outsource are some that require standards of accuracy too high for most independent suppliers to provide at lower cost than Vernon can.

(B) Vernon itself acts as an independent supplier of specialized hardware items to certain manufacturers that formerly made those items themselves.

(C) Relatively few manufacturers that start as independent suppliers have been able to expand their business and become direct competitors of the companies they once supplied.

(D) Vernon plans to select the independent suppliers it will use on the basis of submitted bids.

(E) Attending to certain tasks that Vernon performs relatively inefficiently has taken up much of the time and effort of top managers whose time would have been better spent attending to Vernon's core business.
答案是b。看不懂原文，能帮忙翻译一下吗？同时能帮忙解释一下选b的理由吗？谢谢

作者: felifeli 时间: 2010-3-28 05:20
116 , 先弄清楚原文的结论是什么, 结论就是PRP提高了生产效率! 跟什么competitor没关系, 虽然在前面的premise部分提到了competetor. 那要weaken就直接weaken结论,即PRP没提高生产效率. 而D提到这些引进PRP的也改进了生产设备(生产设备改进肯定是提高生产效率的), 言下之意, 这些个公司生产效率的提高并一定是因为PRP, 典型的他因削弱.
[quote]
116
Firms adopting “profit-related-pay” (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the firm’s profits. In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts.
If, on the basis of the evidence above, it is argued that PRP contracts increase worker productivity, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken that argument?
(A) Results similar to those cited for the metalworking industry have been found in other industries where PRP contracts are used.
(B) Under PRP contracts costs other than labor costs, such as plant, machinery, and energy, make up an increased proportion of the total cost of each unit of output.
(C) Because introducing PRP contracts greatly changes individual workers’ relationships to the firm, negotiating the introduction of PRP contracts is complex and time consuming.
(D) Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time.
(E) In firms in the metalworking industry where PRP contracts are in place, the average take-home pay is 15 percent higher than it is in those firms where workers have more traditional contracts.

答案选d。其实我的疑惑和这个链接的疑惑差不多。
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-448283-1-1.html
就是该题的d项，想表达的是很多metalworking这个行业的公司已经升级了本公司的生产工具，而且大多数这些公司也采用了PRP的合共。
那难道competitor没有升级本公司的生产工具吗？如果连competitor也都升级了本公司生产工具，那么d对文章起到support的作用。但是如果competitor没有升级，那么d就起削弱作用。但是d项的many firm很难排除到底是否包括了competitor的，所以d选项有问题···请大侠们指教

作者: spz316 时间: 2010-3-28 09:24
标题: 呵呵，已经回过了楼主MM的一个帖子了，看来LZ困难挺多的
OG120：D的意思是说玛雅人仿照4500年前人的风格造工具。——》也就是说后来挖掘出来的不是4500年前的东西，而是3000年的玛雅人仿造的。
这样看来，东西确实是玛雅人制造的，只是时间点回归到了3000年前，而不是4500年前。直接否定了文章的REASONING LINE的第一条：.1、工具是4500年前的+2、工具是玛雅人制造的----》玛雅人在4500年前
希望楼主MM能听明白

作者: 小娟子nana 时间: 2010-3-28 15:42
标题: 希望我这样说，你明白我的意思
哈哈，我知道这个是他因削弱。问题是我这个“因”就是选项d，有歧义阿。我知道你的推理是，条件是最后一句，结论是“prp contracts increase productivity”。削弱argument的话，我们可以用“多因一果”的方法，即，这个结论可能是由其他原因（d）造成的。这个道理我明白。但是问题出在many firm这里，如果条件中的competitor包括在这many firm里的话，题目显然是增强的。但是如果不包括的话，你的推理是正确的，也就是d选项是可以削弱的。但是你是如何肯定competitor不包括在many firm里的呢？competitor是出在条件句里的，而且作者是通过和这些competitor相比较才得出这个结论的，所以competitor这个元素是不能忽略的···希望我这样说，你明白我想表达的····
欢饮讨论该题~

作者: 小娟子nana 时间: 2010-3-30 00:30
标题: 有谁能解释一下123题阿~~

有谁能解释一下123题阿~谢谢~

作者: 糊香肠 时间: 2010-4-21 22:11
123题看不懂说的啥意思啊。。。唉

作者: gzpg 时间: 2010-4-22 08:37
123的答案应该是e。即包出去的不是核心业务。这是个业务外包的问题。

作者: alicejingli 时间: 2010-11-9 23:35
它因削弱，是事实原因类的。
事实：工效提高了
原因：引入PRP
思路否定这个原因，找一个新原因解释事实，自然就是D（它因：现代设备）
个人觉得E跟工效提高没关吧
C错在没有解释事实生产率是否提高！反而是削弱（我觉得）
其实这道题只要选择新的原因来解释就好了。
求大家指正我的分析是否有错。。。。

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2010-11-10 00:29
123 the answer is E, which is the closest thing to enhance profit. The rest of choices have no bearings on the profit part.

作者: buffonjuventus 时间: 2010-11-10 03:49
123。Outsourcing is the practice of obtaining from an independent supplier a product or service that a company has previously provided for itself.Vernon, Inc., a small manufacturing company that has in recent years experienced a decline in its profits, plans to boost its profits by outsourcing those parts of its business that independent suppliers can provide at lower cost than Vernon can itself.
翻译：第一句Outsourcing is the practice of obtaining from an independent supplier a product or service that a company has previously provided for itself. obtain的宾语是a product or service，that后面是product or service的定语。outsource，外包。理解就是，比如我公司的产品是笔，从笔套到笔芯我都做，可是我发现有家厂，只做笔芯而且售价比我自己做的成本还要低，所以我就不做笔芯了，把制作笔芯的业务外包给这家厂，然后跟它买笔芯。

后面的应该没难度了吧

作者: elsieb 时间: 2010-12-13 23:00
为神马123的C错？不够直接给力吗？

作者: elsieb 时间: 2010-12-13 23:02
明白了，E表示的是Outsourcing给企业直接带来的好处。。

作者: zhijingya 时间: 2011-2-26 00:28
不是很理解123题的C：Certain tasks, such as processing a company’s payroll, are commonly outsourced whereas others, such as handling the company’s core business, are not.
这个举例也是在削弱啊

作者: zhijingya 时间: 2011-2-26 00:49
120题的意思应该是3000年的玛雅人照着4500年前的implements制造出玛雅的pottery，所以玛雅人是生活在3000年，不是4500年。之后挖出来的东西就应该是4500年的吧？

作者: yigengzhuzi 时间: 2011-3-5 11:12

120题的意思应该是3000年的玛雅人照着4500年前的implements制造出玛雅的pottery，所以玛雅人是生活在3000年，不是4500年。之后挖出来的东西就应该是4500年的吧？

-- by 会员 zhijingya (2011/2/26 0:49:13)

赞同！！！
所以说那个4500年前的东西就不可能是Mayan的

作者: cynthia628 时间: 2011-7-27 10:20

OG120：D的意思是说玛雅人仿照4500年前人的风格造工具。——》也就是说后来挖掘出来的不是4500年前的东西，而是3000年的玛雅人仿造的。
这样看来，东西确实是玛雅人制造的，只是时间点回归到了3000年前，而不是4500年前。直接否定了文章的REASONING LINE的第一条：.1、工具是4500年前的+2、工具是玛雅人制造的----》玛雅人在4500年前
希望楼主MM能听明白

-- by 会员 spz316 (2010/3/28 9:24:18)

我不同意你的观点嘞，D选项不是说那个工具是仿造的。原文明确说了挖出来的东西有4500之久，这应该是通过dating technique断定的，一般科学家会对挖出来会对东西的年代进行推定。

作者: cynthia628 时间: 2011-7-27 10:25

-- by 会员 zhijingya (2011/2/26 0:49:13)

3000年前制造的东西怎么可能是会是4500年前的呢，就比如说一个现代的青花瓷器是仿制宋朝的风格的，那么人们会说这个瓷器是several thousands years old吗，显然不会啦。什么年代制造的就是什么年代的东西，不会说现在你仿制很久以前的一个东西，那这个东西就是那个年代的啊。

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-7-27 10:45
Mayan pottery

This is very simple.

If D) is right, then the 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements is the ORIGINAL object made by earlier inhabitants. This ORIGINAL object was later COPIED as Mayan stone implements of a much later period (successor culture). Therefore, the conclusion that Mayan culture started as early as 4,500 years ago was wrong.

作者: 红黑蓝调 时间: 2011-8-27 16:30

Mayan pottery

This is very simple.

If D) is right, then the 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements is the ORIGINAL object made by earlier inhabitants. This ORIGINAL object was later COPIED as Mayan stone implements of a much later period (successor culture). Therefore, the conclusion that Mayan culture started as early as 4,500 years ago was wrong.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/7/27 10:45:59)

I have a further question:
the implements designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times.

If these inplements made by Myan are copies of stone inplements made by earlier inhabitants in this area,they should be similar to rather than different from designs of stone implements.
Thx~

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2011-8-27 19:31
No.

Different cutures have different designs for implements. If the designes are similar, they are probably from the same culture. This is the assumption of the passage and this is one of the reasons why the author thought the 4,500-years-old object belongs to Mayan culture.

作者: cuican1432 时间: 2012-1-30 09:54
标题: 关于4500 mayan 农业工具那道题
我觉得作者一开始的逻辑有点问题。。。

作者为什么一开始就可以断定石头是4500年前的呢？？？？
如果断定石头的话不应该是用科学的角度来客观肯定的来断定吧？
什么同位素追踪法一类的来判断的吧。。。。。
4500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha 既然作者本来就这么肯定了，那石头不就是4500 year old 么，用科学的角度讲 = =

作者: 安徽民工 时间: 2012-2-1 10:28
123题和OG只是题干相同，选项都不一样。

作者: sunnywooo 时间: 2012-2-24 20:37
我觉得是，玛雅人是只有3000年前的历史。玛雅人模仿是更早种族的人（比如麻麻人，4500年前）的工具。
文物的时间肯定是没错，用碳14鉴别的，不可能会有错。

作者: shiningsmile 时间: 2012-3-29 15:39

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/7/27 10:45:59)

可是题目已经说了Moreover, the implements'
designs are strikingly different from the designs of
stone implements produced by other cultures known
to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times，不知你所说的earlier inhabitants是否包括在prehistoric times的范围内已经在题干中被排除了呢？

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2012-3-29 19:43
Apparently, the 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements are a NEW discovery. Hence they do not belong to any other KNOWN cultures, including Mayan.

作者: shiningsmile 时间: 2012-3-30 08:29
谢谢你的解答，我一开始就把D项当作与题干相矛盾给排除掉了，莫非the implement 是源于some unknown earlier culture?这种题好tricky啊，我有时做逻辑题是先入为主地把正确答案给排除掉了，不知sdacar在以前做逻辑时有这种现象么？感觉自己题也做得不少了，但缺乏一套行之有效的总结方法，能不能指点一下怎么总结逻辑比较好呢？

作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2012-3-30 09:18
做逻辑题是先入为主地把正确答案给排除掉了 is a cardinal sin.

Just take whatever is said in the passage WITHOUT adding ANY thinkings or judgement of your OWN. That's the key to success in CR. Just keep your innocence like a baby. Do not try to prove your brilliance by FORSEEING the future.

Once you understand the logic of the passage, study the answer choices. Eliminate ONLY those answer choices that you are sure are WRONG. For either "correct" choice or "unsure" ones, just leave them as contenders. Once you have finished analyzing all five choices, compare the contenders and pick the one that is correct among/between them.

作者: shiningsmile 时间: 2012-3-30 23:47
衷心感谢！

作者: feebee2012 时间: 2015-8-31 17:36
我觉得其实这是类比，如要削弱类比的话，就是否认两者的不一致，或者给出理由来否认两者一致的理是错误的，文章的理由是说是因为两个像似所以时间是4500，要想削弱的话就是解释这个像似的特征是表面上的，本质是不一致的。

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