ChaseDream

标题: which指代小结，请NN指正 [打印本页]

作者: gmat928 时间: 2010-2-25 20:53
标题: which指代小结，请NN指正
关于N, which的小结

which指代的三种情况：

1、紧邻修饰

一般情况下，“名词，which”中的which是就近修饰紧邻的名词的。这种例子多的不胜枚举。
一般例子就不用举了，只举个比较特别例子“A of B, which”（注：这里的of表示从属关系）

The commission proposed that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be obtained through a local bond issue.

Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladitorial games, and spectacles.

In laboratory rats, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to block production of thromboxane, a substance that promotes blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere with the production of prostacyclin, which prevents clotting.

The survival of coral colonies, which are composed of innumerable tiny polyps living in a symbiotic relationship with brilliantly colored algae, is being threatened, experts say, not only by pollutants such as agricultural runoff, oil slicks, and trash, but also by dropped anchors, probing divers, and global warming.

In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.

这些例子都能说明从属关系“A of B，which”中的which就近修饰紧邻的名词。

2、跳跃修饰

在前有“核心词+介词、分词等修饰结构”或者插入语的情况下，which跳跃修饰前面的核心词，不能修饰紧邻的名词。
下面是几个例子：

From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoeabout twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids
这句话的which离其所应该修饰的核心词canoe很远，中间隔了一个插入语，还隔了个介词结构about…，但只要知道核心词是canoe就能一目了然找到which应该指的是什么。这里不能修饰紧邻的名词cedar。

Emily Dickinson's lettersto Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词Susan Huntington Dickinson，必须跳过介词结构to…，修饰核心词letter。

Unlike most other mergersin the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词utility industry，必须跳过介词结构in…，修饰核心词merger。

In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Actof 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
这里的which不能修饰紧邻的1698，必须跳过介词结构of 1968修饰前面的核心词act。

有人这里会说这不是A of B，which吗？which应该紧邻修饰啊？其实不然，因为of 1968和前面的那些A of B实际上用法不一样，这里是表示时间而不是“从属关系”。这个时间应该归在介词结构一类，所以要跳过。

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
这句话的which不能修饰其紧邻的名词emission，必须跳过分词修饰结构called …，修饰核心词technique。

归纳一下，会发现which之所以要跳过介词结构是因为：其原本应该紧邻所修饰的核心名词，但是因为which的内容太长，而介词、分词等修饰结构又很短，所以把which结构后置了。

3、特别情况 A and B, which

这个which到底修饰谁呢？是A？是B？还是A and B？
我觉得这里正确修饰方法的原则只有一个：没有歧义。

如果A and B中的B为复数（Bs），which后面动词也是复数，which指代会有歧义，让人不知道which到底指的是什么。
As and Bs, which are (which指Bs? 或 which指As and Bs？)
A and Bs, which are (which指Bs？或 which指A and Bs？)

下面情况没有歧义：
如果A和B都是单数，which后面动词复数，没有歧义，which修饰A and B。
如果B是单数（不管A是单数还是复数），which后面动词也是单数，没有歧义，which修饰B。
如果B是复数（不管A是单数还是复数）则必须要用which together，没有歧义，这时which修饰A and Bs。

举两个例子：
The human nervous system bears a superficial resemblance to a telephone system both because the former carries information in the form of electrical impulses and because all of its neural pathways converge in the brain and spinal cord, which together form a kind of central exchange.

Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.

其实which的指代问题肯定不会只有这些，而且最准确判断which指代的方法是通过句子的逻辑意思，但是在实战中有个别GMAT题目的很难判断本意，所以准备写大方向性的小结还是必要的。

上面是做了很多GMAT改错题后的一些体会，例子都是GMAT原题，还请NN过目指正，希望不会误导众G友。

作者: ferric 时间: 2010-2-25 23:46
谢谢分享~

作者: chicago328 时间: 2010-2-26 10:32
谢谢LZ分享！！！

作者: neolqy 时间: 2010-2-26 10:58
谢谢楼主分享，启发很大~~

作者: yaya0201 时间: 2010-3-22 21:36
厉害的，我今天做题做到楼主举的第二个例子了，本来想上来看看解释的~没想到楼主直接总结出来了啊！

作者: myungryong 时间: 2010-3-22 22:28
Thanks for sharing~~~^^

作者: girlwithwings 时间: 2010-3-23 03:39
经典！！！

作者: 薰衣草1 时间: 2010-3-23 12:55
谢谢楼主，看后有茅塞顿开之感

作者: venus2elva 时间: 2010-3-23 21:15
非常实用，感谢楼主分享。

作者: fengyeming 时间: 2010-3-23 21:37
谢谢了

作者: abjure 时间: 2010-4-16 00:24
谢谢楼主分享，第三种有没有多点例句可以印证下的。

作者: sapan 时间: 2010-4-16 02:52
第二种，跳过去一堆插入语这个，恁么感觉有歧义呢，容易理解成修饰就近前面的名词。

作者: abjure 时间: 2010-4-29 22:21
谢谢。问下OG12-SC10
10. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would
otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they
have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain
from getting too hot.
(A) which kept
(B) that keeps
(C) which has kept
(D) that has been keeping
(E) having kept
解释说 In (A) and (C), which
introduces a restrictive clause. Some writers
follow the convention that which can only be used
for nonrestrictive clauses, but insistence on this
rule is controversial, and both (A) and (C) can be
rejected on other grounds.

请问大家OG它是不是说，名词直接加WHICH的用法是对还是错存在争议，不可以作为评判对错的标准吗？谢谢。

作者: woojing 时间: 2010-5-10 16:45
正犯愁呢，谢谢分享

作者: miller811 时间: 2010-5-10 18:54
顶楼主支持

作者: shixiaoliu1986 时间: 2010-7-9 14:15

谢谢。问下OG12-SC10
10. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would
otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they
have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain
from getting too hot.
(A) which kept
(B) that keeps
(C) which has kept
(D) that has been keeping
(E) having kept
解释说 In (A) and (C), which
introduces a restrictive clause. Some writers
follow the convention that which can only be used
for nonrestrictive clauses, but insistence on this
rule is controversial, and both (A) and (C) can be
rejected on other grounds.

请问大家OG它是不是说，名词直接加WHICH的用法是对还是错存在争议，不可以作为评判对错的标准吗？谢谢。

-- by 会员 abjure (2010/4/29 22:21:42)

我认为限制性从句that指代比较保险，非限制性从句用which，好像在哪看到过，但是忘记了……大家讨论一下～

作者: haonan15110 时间: 2010-7-12 10:18
楼主辛苦了

作者: lululunas 时间: 2010-7-12 13:54
下面情况没有歧义：
如果A和B都是单数，which后面动词复数，没有歧义，which修饰A and B。
如果B是单数（不管A是单数还是复数），which后面动词也是单数，没有歧义，which修饰B。
如果B是复数（不管A是单数还是复数）则必须要用which together，没有歧义，这时which修饰A and Bs。

举两个例子：
The human nervous system bears a superficial resemblance to a telephone system both because the former carries information in the form of electrical impulses and because all of its neural pathways converge in the brain and spinal cord, which together form a kind of central exchange.

请问 spinal cord 不是单数么？？

作者: xingstar82 时间: 2010-7-16 19:22
太感谢楼主了

作者: luul65 时间: 2010-8-12 15:22
还有一个问题想问一下，就是og12-10题
10. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because
they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.
(A) which kept
(B) that keeps
(C) which has kept
(D) that has been keeping
(E) having kept

C选项，OG解释如下：Mistaken shift in tense: In this sentence the present tense expresses a timeless general principle; in contrast, has kept indicates a more defi nite context and time period and suggests that the heat-exchange network may no longer have this effect.

为什么他说完成时suggest that the heat-exchange network may no longer have this effect?
完成时不是代表从过去延续至今吗？

作者: fiona1988325 时间: 2010-9-6 18:36
大好人，受益匪浅！

作者: tita 时间: 2010-9-7 21:52
标题: 呵呵，有个倡议
首先感谢lz的辛苦总结
事无巨细，人无完人，理论难免有些例外
有lz的辛勤总结作基础，剩下的我们大家努力把自己发现的例外补上，让这一贴由小结成长为“GMAT的which指代大全”，
呵呵，不知大家支持否，我先来补一贴：
答案中which发生跳跃指代，而且emission不处于介词短语中
OG12SC107
Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
(A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton- induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
(B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission
(C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
(D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it,
(E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the substance, called proton- induced X-ray emission,
答案（A）

作者: tita 时间: 2010-9-7 21:56
其实也建议版主们考虑下“基础总结（NN make）+特例补全（everyone make）”的模式，能够将精华贴进一步完善，本人不才，胡言乱语，赶快躲砖: )

作者: 学海无涯啊 时间: 2010-9-8 08:47
看完了lz的归纳以后我真是有如醍醐灌顶啊！！！特别是跳跃修饰那块，对我帮助简直太大了！！！多谢！！！

作者: zhanhualv 时间: 2010-9-11 16:52
这个就厉害了！解释了疑惑

作者: liptontea 时间: 2010-9-11 21:45
Thanks for sharing...

very useful summary.

作者: 真的很好 时间: 2010-10-11 20:50
感谢楼主分享！

作者: xyh133 时间: 2010-10-14 10:46
不说声谢谢是不行的对我帮助太大了

作者: 优由圈 时间: 2010-10-14 19:45

-- by 会员 abjure (2010/4/29 22:21:42)

我是这样理解的 og中提到“which的用法仍存在争议，而且在A，C中仍存在其他理由可以排除A，C”所以我觉得可以理解为og在设置含有N+which用法的选项时，一定同时还设置其他明显的没有争议的错误好让这个选项一定是错误的，而不会因为n+which这样有争议的用法使这个选项即有正确的可能又有错误的可能。也就是说，见到有含有n+which的选项一定是错误的，因为他一定含有其他的明显的错误。（但这不代表说宣布n+which的用法就是错误的，og也说了嘛，这个用法尚有争议~）

纯属个人见解，如有不妥，大家一定要帮忙指正哈~~~~

作者: 林若绮 时间: 2010-10-15 11:00
很有用哦，一直都蛮困惑的咧。

作者: tinnashen 时间: 2010-10-15 23:21
谢谢

作者: 侯子的西游记 时间: 2010-10-25 10:53
总结的不错，抽藏了！！其实A of B的结构有没有发现 A多是动词转换过来的抽象名词，因此A和B之间其实表达的是动宾关系或主谓关系；而后面的which结构是用来说明B的

作者: xixilove 时间: 2010-10-25 12:35
如沐春风

作者: xinxinhome 时间: 2010-11-8 15:42
也有A of B，which指代中心词A的呀。这个怎么判断呢

作者: asoka123 时间: 2010-11-8 16:28
总结很精辟，谢谢楼主！

作者: sjmdlyc 时间: 2010-11-14 00:21
太好啦，竟然有这么优秀的总结~

作者: tinnashen 时间: 2010-11-14 03:41

作者: 西瓜味酸奶 时间: 2010-11-27 05:33
Thx for sharing! Helps a lot!

作者: BBAC 时间: 2010-11-27 11:34
真的很好

作者: fatradish 时间: 2010-11-30 21:20
各种感谢啊~~

作者: christyfeng 时间: 2010-12-1 14:50
谢谢，大有帮助

作者: sun2046 时间: 2010-12-23 19:52
thanks a lot

作者: 落落幽蓝 时间: 2010-12-30 22:49
A of B +which
我记得有时候也会跳跃性修饰

作者: banbanshu 时间: 2010-12-30 22:59
纠结了很久了~~~~~~谢谢楼主

作者: yiweiayumi 时间: 2011-1-23 10:01
thanks

作者: 橘树圣诞节 时间: 2011-1-24 02:29
谢谢分享。。。。。。。

作者: bigheadpx 时间: 2011-3-14 22:18
谢谢LZ

作者: powers 时间: 2011-3-14 22:38
很好！

作者: jnfw123 时间: 2011-3-15 08:03
谢谢楼主！很受用！

作者: orange09 时间: 2011-3-26 10:07
恩总结的好到位~~

作者: 袋袋 时间: 2011-5-25 22:30

谢谢~

作者: Bosscat23 时间: 2011-6-29 16:19

好贴啊~~~

作者: 四月天堂 时间: 2011-7-5 21:57
谢谢楼主~~~看了茅塞顿开呐~~~

作者: viviyl 时间: 2011-7-16 17:22
谢谢楼主~~收获不小~~~

作者: joey409 时间: 2011-7-16 18:49
谢谢

作者: shary2011 时间: 2011-7-17 22:44
lZ好强大，谢谢1

作者: lgfsmm 时间: 2011-7-26 21:56
谢谢楼主！！！

作者: zoeant 时间: 2011-8-13 21:06
小女子不才，就lz关于A of B 然后跳跃指代的地方有个小问题：
48. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until
completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.
(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced
(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced
(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as
(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took seven
years until completion and that literary critic
Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,
pronounced it as
(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven
years to complete and literary critic Samuel
Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it

答案是B.其中a work 跳跃指代了translation，但是我又觉得其中A of B是从属结构，应该指代B部分。

望lz帮我解答一下从属结构的of和一般修饰的of如何判断呢?

作者: sspooh 时间: 2011-9-4 14:25
想问下LZ，that也适用于这些么？谢谢

作者: sspooh 时间: 2011-9-4 14:35

小女子不才，就lz关于A of B 然后跳跃指代的地方有个小问题：
48. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until
completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.
(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced
(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced
(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as
(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took seven
years until completion and that literary critic
Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary,
pronounced it as
(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven
years to complete and literary critic Samuel
Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it

答案是B.其中a work 跳跃指代了translation，但是我又觉得其中A of B是从属结构，应该指代B部分。

望lz帮我解答一下从属结构的of和一般修饰的of如何判断呢?

-- by 会员 zoeant (2011/8/13 21:06:11)

我不是LZ，我不知道这道题可不可以这样理解——因为之前有个a work了，而that是指代a work，根据逻辑意思来判断，a work就是指代translation，因为Iliad不可能是一个工作。

个人觉得还是看语义吧......

作者: 大三准备留学 时间: 2011-9-6 20:39
太厉害了！！！膜拜了

作者: 纳丁Cat 时间: 2011-9-8 18:32

好贴，顶

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-9 04:46

很不错哦。感谢分享

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-9 04:59
才刚开始og之旅，讲错了大家帮忙纠正哦。以我的理解，现在完成时代表已经结束的动作，但是如果句子中有since 就表示动作、状态持续到现在。

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-9 05:01

还有一个问题想问一下，就是og12-10题
10. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because
they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.
(A) which kept
(B) that keeps
(C) which has kept
(D) that has been keeping
(E) having kept

C选项，OG解释如下：Mistaken shift in tense: In this sentence the present tense expresses a timeless general principle; in contrast, has kept indicates a more defi nite context and time period and suggests that the heat-exchange network may no longer have this effect.

为什么他说完成时suggest that the heat-exchange network may no longer have this effect?
完成时不是代表从过去延续至今吗？

-- by 会员 luul65 (2010/8/12 15:22:37)

以上是引用这段话。O(∩_∩)O~

作者: gato 时间: 2011-9-9 05:02
我迷惑a of b ,which 是修饰a 还是 b ，og 有说修饰a 就错吗

作者: jinghuaihu 时间: 2011-9-23 00:29
感谢楼主~~~~

作者: gdboy88 时间: 2011-10-7 16:40
这个帖子总结的很系统，解释的很明了。

谢谢楼主！

作者: 酱子啊 时间: 2011-10-21 20:03
hao \

作者: 幸运四叶草 时间: 2011-10-21 22:38

作者: milymilychen 时间: 2011-10-22 22:49
经典！！！！！！顶！！！1

作者: 幸运四叶草 时间: 2011-11-1 00:54

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2011-12-12 22:00
分享个特例再
78. Fossils of the arm of a sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old,
made it the earliest known mammal of the Greater Antilles Islands.
(A) sloth found in Puerto Rico in 1991, and dated at 34 million years old, made it the earliest known mammal of
(B) sloth, that they found in Puerto Rico in 1991, has been dated at 34 million years old, thus making it the earliest mammal known on
(C) sloth that was found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years old, making this the earliest known mammal of
(D) sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 million years old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on
(E) sloth which, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, was dated at 34 million years old, made the sloth the earliest known mammal of
答案是D，OG对E的错误解释是The singular verb does not agree with the plural subject.就说明E中的which其实指代的是fossils，而不是which紧跟着的sloth啊。
另外这个题目的一个特别之处就是这个是“A of B which，”的结构，但个人认为这个，的作用只是为了把后面的插入语修饰成分给隔离出来，所以实则这个还是A of B which的结构。
欢迎大家拍砖！

作者: dajdaj 时间: 2011-12-14 08:52
was dated 34 m,y,old的逻辑主语应该是fossills,but not sloth

作者: 若雪 时间: 2011-12-24 04:18
其实就是。。只要逻辑意思通顺又没有语法错误。。。。说指代哪个就指代哪个了。。

作者: 猫ks 时间: 2011-12-26 14:28
xiexielz

作者: my8822180 时间: 2011-12-26 20:24
我了个去总结的真好，赞！

作者: toogy123 时间: 2011-12-26 22:13
多谢真的很好，呼吁多一些这样的分享，

作者: sunny20111126 时间: 2012-1-10 18:07
顶上

作者: ainiAnnie 时间: 2012-2-1 20:16
thx~~~~

作者: phoebe0624 时间: 2012-3-1 20:54
好贴！！

作者: 白冬冬 时间: 2012-3-3 21:20
很强大！

作者: lan0604 时间: 2012-3-4 10:01
好帖！昨天还在尝试总结which~~~

作者: lemonyhu 时间: 2012-3-4 15:54
太牛了正好不会呢！感谢！

作者: MsDoughnut 时间: 2012-3-4 16:17
楼主第二条跳跃修饰的意思是说，如果核心词的后面修饰语中有名字但是根据逻辑判断该，which句子是修饰核心词的也是可以的。如果这个，which句子修饰的是这个后置介词或分词短语里面的名词，就是近邻修饰？
那which的歧义修饰举个例子怎么排除呢？

作者: lm5054 时间: 2012-3-17 16:47
楼主大神呀！！顶一个！

作者: 竹林听风 时间: 2012-3-18 00:11
谢谢楼主分享，我之前也很纠结，怎么which一会儿就近一会儿又跳跃，现在貌似懂啦。不过我还有个问题哦，which如果在句中那和插入语是一个功效的，那是不是说插入语的情况也和which一样呢，即可以就近也可以跳跃？

作者: 小智在CD 时间: 2012-3-18 11:52
楼主太感谢了！！好人好报

作者: powerlgx 时间: 2012-4-14 14:30
经典好贴啊，自己总结半天，看完这个帖子茅塞顿开

作者: Threesu 时间: 2012-5-3 14:59
求助，that能跳跃修饰吗？

作者: colin2004 时间: 2012-5-8 21:19
哥们说的真好！！！

作者: christete 时间: 2012-5-8 23:00
xiexie啦

作者: icever 时间: 2012-5-19 15:14
看看

作者: 亲亲麦小兜 时间: 2012-5-21 20:45
总结的真好！

作者: abc88 时间: 2012-5-21 23:31
写得多么好的帖子啊！！CD上要是有更多这样的好帖就好了！！

作者: JaniceChia 时间: 2012-5-29 12:51
LZ大牛啊，这总结让我受益匪浅

作者: 铁板神猴 时间: 2012-6-27 21:28
LZ总结的真精彩！
不过最后的两个例子，我个人觉得仍然更多的是从语义出发而这么设置的。

- The human nervous system bears a superficial resemblance to a telephone system both because the former carries information in the form of electrical impulses and because all of its neural pathways converge in the brain and spinal cord, which together form a kind of central exchange.

“如果A和B都是单数，which后面动词复数，没有歧义，which修饰A and B。”按照LZ的这个总结，这里不用together应该不会造成歧义，但是OG仍然采用了which together。why？

我认为这里的which together更有一种which combine to form的意味，因为任何其中一个都不能单独form central exchange.

- Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.

这句里同样是A and B, 但是任何一个都能够完成which从句中的动作，所以不需要combine to be capable ...（which together were）
始终语义是最为重要的~

Anyway, 这份总结很经典, 从中学到了很多。谢谢LZ付出的努力~~ 虽然是2年后了……

作者: metoo9 时间: 2012-7-15 11:04
正如LZ所说，语意第一，但有方向的小结也是必要的，受益匪浅。
谢谢LZ，精华帖。

作者: doreen322 时间: 2012-8-16 16:44

LZ总结的真精彩！
不过最后的两个例子，我个人觉得仍然更多的是从语义出发而这么设置的。

- The human nervous system bears a superficial resemblance to a telephone system both because the former carries information in the form of electrical impulses and because all of its neural pathways converge in the brain and spinal cord, which together form a kind of central exchange.

“如果A和B都是单数，which后面动词复数，没有歧义，which修饰A and B。”按照LZ的这个总结，这里不用together应该不会造成歧义，但是OG仍然采用了which together。why？

我认为这里的which together更有一种which combine to form的意味，因为任何其中一个都不能单独form central exchange.

- Unlike the shuttle and earlier spacecraft, which were capable of carrying sufficient power in fuel cells and batteries for their short flights, a permanently orbiting space station will have to generate its own electricity.

这句里同样是A and B, 但是任何一个都能够完成which从句中的动作，所以不需要combine to be capable ...（which together were）
始终语义是最为重要的~

Anyway, 这份总结很经典, 从中学到了很多。谢谢LZ付出的努力~~ 虽然是2年后了……

-- by 会员铁板神猴 (2012/6/27 21:28:25)

很庆幸反倒最后一页看到了~ 哈哈

作者: justsmile 时间: 2012-8-16 19:06

首先感谢楼主的总结啊！解决多少人的纠结啊~厉害呢！

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