[求助]大全中两题/大全-C-16,大全-B-15 - ChaseDream

In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution control measures were enacted, but the city had smog alerts on 31 days that year and on 39 days the following year. In 1989, however, the number of smog alerts in Los Diablos dropped to sixteen. The main air pollutants in Los Diablos are ozone and carbon monoxide, and since 1986 the levels of both have been monitored by gas spectrography.

Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be LEAST helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in Los Diablos between 1986 and 1989?

(A) The 1987 air pollution control measures enacted in Los Diablos were put into effect in November of 1988.

(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.

(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.

(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
(E) Excess ozone and carbon monoxide require a minimum of two years to break down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area
答案为B。为什么？难道它不能解释difference吗？

It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?

(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.

B 的用意大概与C 相似，只是，invented 出来，何时投入使用？是否被LD城使用？等问题尚需补充说明。

(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.

以下是引用wangdaya在2004-4-1 15:16:00的发言：

(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.

B 的用意大概与C 相似，只是，invented 出来，何时投入使用？是否被LD城使用？等问题尚需补充说明。

(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.

(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.

D选项只能说明88年的增长，但是却与89年的减少成了一对儿矛盾？该怎么解释哪？谢谢。难道又是假设的非充分性，非必要性在做怪乎？

In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.

It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?

I. Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.
II. More government workers should be fired.
III. Most government workers are Civil Service employees.
(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III

还是不懂诶，哪位指点一下，我怎么觉得应该是Ｄ啊。不要笑话我没逻辑哦。

以下是引用bigp在2004-12-13 2:24:00的发言：

偶来接着问：为啥D不是无关的哪？

(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.

D选项只能说明88年的增长，但是却与89年的减少成了一对儿矛盾？该怎么解释哪？谢谢。难道又是假设的非充分性，非必要性在做怪乎？

以下是引用三脚猫在2004-12-14 21:45:00的发言：

(E) III only

还是不懂诶，哪位指点一下，我怎么觉得应该是Ｄ啊。不要笑话我没逻辑哦。

我也選的D，現在差不多把III弄明白暸，誰給講講II啊？？謝謝

以下是引用wangdaya在2004-4-1 15:16:00的发言：

(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented.

B 的用意大概与C 相似，只是，invented 出来，何时投入使用？是否被LD城使用？等问题尚需补充说明。

(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.

看来大家对B的错误的理解有二：1)更准确的设备会提高那个数值；2）只是invented,但是不一定用了。

我觉得解释1）肯定是有问题的。我们也能理解成accurate的仪器会排除那些误判的数据呀。就像答案A一样，谁说new 的control measure就是好的，就能减少空气污染？也许new的measures反而有问题的，反而不好呢。再比如答案C,谁又说了新的scale是把标准降低（只有标准降低才能解释），而不是把标准改得更严格？比如答案D,也有可能说这几个donate的公司从来不排放空气污染呢！

我觉得explain只要证明有可能，或者说讲得通就是了。不能解释的应该是无论把这个解释建立在怎样的assumption上，都不能去解释。

对于解释2)也是一样道理。就像是答案C,虽说是在1989年2月修改的，谁说了就马上实施了？可能修改了，到执行还有很长过程呢。

我觉得还是D有问题。D的意思是市长让一些公司排除出这个控制污染的方案（而不是不去测量他们）。那这样的话，这些公司就会继续排放污染。对题目不能解释呀。

但是修改了scale，也不能说就一定是变得更严格了啊，可能这个范围更小了呢？air polution也有可能减少啊。

For C -16 D, since the answer pointed out some indurstries were exempted from the air pollution control measure, those industries could be the major perpetrators caused bad result of 1988. That can explain why 1988 had the highest days of alert

B的话，说仪器精确了，不代表会使数据变小还是变大，所以说不清

D说88年受贿的缘故，所以88年很多没处理的公司参与了排放，所有比前一年增加了

C说89年出台的新的规矩，以前被认为有害的被排除了，自然有害的统计就少了阿

B说的是invented...只是发明至于投入使用并没有提及所以是least helpful explain 1989的巨大下降

以下是引用tuzq在2005-2-19 0:08:00的发言：

看来大家对B的错误的理解有二：1)更准确的设备会提高那个数值；2）只是invented,但是不一定用了。

我觉得explain只要证明有可能，或者说讲得通就是了。不能解释的应该是无论把这个解释建立在怎样的assumption上，都不能去解释。

对于解释2)也是一样道理。就像是答案C,虽说是在1989年2月修改的，谁说了就马上实施了？可能修改了，到执行还有很长过程呢。

敬请指教！

我就是这样想的（invented 和 revised是一个性质的，要不能解释都不能解释，凭啥选B?），哎...所以选了D

D的1988年mayor被found贿赂，难道能解释1989年污染少了吗？这个跨度也太大了吧，我当时没想明白

这里用的是类比推理。对于civil service employee, 其job security是100,000....有job security—>经理不敢随便fire员工。

但是政府的job security和civil service的不一定一样，所以确定政府员工是不是civil service employee。这道题需要很严密的逻辑思维。

(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.

重点是蓝色部分，是说因为政府受贿所以免除了对这些行贿公司的污染控制的测量，也就是说原来根据规定是要测测他排了多少，现在干脆连测都不测了，当然有可能这些公司排放得更多了，但是都不在测量的总数据里体现，为总数据里却肯定少了这些公司过去被测量时的数据。

总的来说不是政府放松了对受贿者的管制，而是把他们整个就刨除了

我来说一下D为什么错
(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
重点是蓝色部分，是说因为政府受贿所以免除了对这些行贿公司的污染控制的测量，也就是说原来根据规定是要测测他排了多少，现在干脆连测都不测了，当然有可能这些公司排放得更多了，但是都不在测量的总数据里体现，为总数据里却肯定少了这些公司过去被测量时的数据。

总的来说不是政府放松了对受贿者的管制，而是把他们整个就刨除了

-- by 会员 lijiahui0422 (2009/7/15 10:29:00)