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标题: 关于double和twice的用法讨论(翻遍帖子仍有一个问题)让人崩溃的问题..... [打印本页]

作者: stucash    时间: 2010-2-21 02:33
标题: 关于double和twice的用法讨论(翻遍帖子仍有一个问题)让人崩溃的问题.....
4. A survey by the National Council of Churches showed that in 1986 there were 20,736 female ministers, almost 9 percent of the nation’s clergy, twice as much as 1977.
A. twice as much as 1977
B. twice as many as 1977
C. double what it was in 1977
D. double the figure for 1977
E. a number double that of 1977's

答案D, 该题大家在CD上已经有了结果, double是做限定词, 补全就是 which is double the figure;
但double也可做动词, 如果没有前面almost这个插入语, 那么doubling应该可以吧?

再看另外两道题;
The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.

a.
b. doubling that of the increase in
c. double as much as the increase of
d. twice as many as the increase in
e. twice as many as the increase of

答案是A. 一个叫RON的人, 活跃于MHT论坛(MHT GMAT的instructor, GMAT800), BEATGMAT论坛的牛人, 解释D,E错误是因为 twice as ...as是同位语, 必须要修饰前面的名词, 而这里没有.所以错误.(当然, 他也说了更明显的就是many错了)


According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of
young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

答案是E.
按照ron的说法, 貌似这里的E有问题,因为同位语修饰的问题; 还是说 twice+n. 和twice as ....as是不一样的?

另外一个问题, 该题的A改成doubling the number reported in the 1977 survey, 应该是正确的, 我认为没有什么疑问了. 指代明确, doubling引导从句修饰整个句子没有问题.

那么这里的E和改后的A为什么可以互换呢? 我是不懂这个E是怎么个说法, 限定词直接引导从句????
A是很正常的现在分词引导的定语从句修饰整个句子, 而E是限定词引导的, 也可以修饰整个句子?

另外一个可能性, 看起来E貌似和第一题的D, double the figure 有点像,都是限定词; 但第一题去掉插入语加上which is就没什么疑问, 因为就直接修饰20,637 ministers, 即便不如此, double这个从句做同位语也是可以的; 而这题加了which is就有歧义了; 这里这个限定词引导的从句难道真的是直接修饰整个句子????

这是个什么用法???同位语修饰说不通, 前面没名词, 同位语都要紧跟在修饰词后面, 或者放在前面; 要修饰整个句子也应该是现在分词引导, 这里到底怎么搞的???????

多谢斑斑的指点, 现在更正一下, 这里twice是限定词, 引导同位语从句修饰the 20 percent, 这里有同位语从句分割的现象, 为了避免句子头重脚轻, 结构不平衡.

大家多多补充!多多指正!谢谢!

作者: liverpool123    时间: 2010-2-21 05:01
我的一点看法:

twice是副词,修饰动词,作状语

double可以做动词,也可以作形容词

所以我认为唯一区别就是后者可以作定语,前者不行,double不可以与as连用,但是twice可以

你的第一个题目换成doubling应该ok的,double这里做形容词,完全讲得通,修饰9 percent

第二个题目如果E换成as much as the increase of 我认为对的

第三个是百分比的对比,所以those没指代,所以排除了那几个选项
作者: stucash    时间: 2010-2-21 05:20
恩恩确实double和twice有区别的; 非常赞成你说的前者不能做定语后者可以.
这样一来, 最后那个twice做副词引导状语从句就基本没什么问题. 就等NN来看看确定一下了.而前面double的用法也清晰了, 做同位语, 或者定语.

现在基本上double和twice的用法都清晰了.

关于twice用法;
50.1    twice只做副词, 限定词;
50.2    可引导同位语从句, 状语从句.如A, twice as..as; 这里就是同位语; A does B, twice as…as…/twice + n./twice + what 从句(twice的固定搭配用法), 这里twice修饰整个句子(或动词,形容词)时引导的就是状语从句 (当twice修饰B, 句末名词时是同位语)-其实只要不是同位语, twice引导的就是状语从句;
50.3    twice做限定词, 用法是twice + n/twice + what从句.
50.4    Twice做副词, 可以跟在动词后面, think twice;

关于double用法;
51.1    double可以是名词, 动词(vi&vt), 形容词, 副词, 限定词;
51.2    常见的是double现在分词引导定语从句表伴随修饰名词或者整个句子; double做限定词可以引导同位语,也可以是引导定语从句修饰句末名词(比如加上which is在double前, 但一般都不会这么用, 直接用同位语更加简洁清晰); 跟在动词后面做副词 (see double);
51.3    没有double as…as只有twice as…as;
51.4    做形容词, 应该是the double price 或者 a double amount, 注意冠词在前;
51.5    做动词, 可以及物, 比如A doubles its size to…; 或者不及物, 比如 A doubles in size.

Double 和 twice 都要注意, 做同位语有时紧靠修饰词,有时被分隔保持句子平衡, 如the whole truth came out that he is a bad guy. 这里 that从句是whole truth的同位语.

在这做一个小小的总结, 大家接着讨论!
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2010-2-21 21:01
不是的...第三题的twice是determinator. twice the number reported in the 1977 survey是同位语。前面"about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979"只是一个数据,一个既定的状态,而不能作为单纯的主谓宾结构(这里不是很好解释,因为有悖很多语法书上的很明确的观点,但是我想说所有语法点都是逻辑含义延伸出来的,思想有多广,语法点就有多少多,所以逻辑含义无穷尽,语法书上的语法点也是永远写不全的),逻辑上后面的twice the number reported in the 1977 survey修饰about 20 percent不会有修饰歧义。

同样地从逻辑含义上来讲,double这个如此活跃的实义动词,用在这个表示既定调查数据的句子里,其实并不是最合适的,用twice更加静态。
===========
第二题,从意合的角度来讲,double(doubling)与rise(rose)更为搭配,两个都是很鲜活的动词。
第一题,double也成了限定词,不再是鲜活的动词,所以把double用在了调查里也很好。
作者: stucash    时间: 2010-2-21 23:48
恩。。斑斑我再请问一下, 我一开始把最后一题的twice引导的短语从句不当成同位语就是因为他无论如何都无法和任何一个词构成那种同位语修饰的结构,不像第一题,那个double引导的同位语是可以合理修饰的。这里我要如何判断呢。因为同位语不是在紧跟修饰词后,就是在之前, 这个是完全就隔开了呀。

斑斑快来教教我。
作者: stucash    时间: 2010-2-22 00:02
果然如斑斑所说, 我找到了对应斑斑所说做同位语从句的语法概念,分割同位语从句,同位语从句和修饰词分割开来,避免句子头重脚轻,保持句子结构平衡。the whole truth came out that he is bad guy. 这个句子和此处如出一辙.

要是昨天找到就好了...不会那么纠结了.
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2010-2-22 10:02
果然如斑斑所说, 我找到了对应斑斑所说做同位语从句的语法概念,分割同位语从句,同位语从句和修饰词分割开来,避免句子头重脚轻,保持句子结构平衡。the whole truth came out that he is bad guy. 这个句子和此处如出一辙.

要是昨天找到就好了...不会那么纠结了.
-- by 会员 stucash (2010/2/22 0:02:37)

closely but not exactly...不过原理也差不多如此,只要逻辑含义上没问题了就行
作者: stucash    时间: 2010-2-23 04:11
OK,明白啦,谢谢版主啦。新年快乐!
作者: SophieChang    时间: 2010-3-1 20:41
帖子里解释好像是说twice句应该理解成同位语从句
但是新东方赵丽老师讲的是只有主语和宾语可以有同位语从句,以谓语为界,谓语之后出现则理解为宾语的同位语
那么这道题twice句如果是同位语的话就应该是cocaine的同位语了呀?
作者: 小球藻    时间: 2010-8-26 15:32
if the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many". instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself.
e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity

these rules are followed pretty closely.
so, for instance:
twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity)
twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity

twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect; redundant
twice the increase... --> correct


From MTH 论坛

所以(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey应该是没问题的
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2011-4-13 11:00
引用stucash的帖子重新总结下

恩恩确实double和twice有区别的; 非常赞成你说的前者不能做定语后者可以.
这样一来, 最后那个twice做副词引导状语从句就基本没什么问题. 就等NN来看看确定一下了.而前面double的用法也清晰了, 做同位语, 或者定语.

现在基本上double和twice的用法都清晰了.

关于twice用法;
twice只做副词和限定词,因此twice引导的部分在句子中充当什么角色由twice后面的成分决定.
1.1twice做副词,后面接形容词和副词:
#1. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.
#2. 如A does B, twice as..as,因为as...as...是形容词就近修饰B,即as...as...本身是同位语修饰词,所以twice as...as...就是同位修饰语(appositive modifier);
1.2 twice做限定词, 后面接名词性成分:
#1. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice what it was in the 1970’s.
#2. In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice that number of trucks alone came off the assembly lines.
#3. American productivity is declining in relation to Europe’s; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as twice that expended in West Germany.
#4. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.
1.3 其他注意点:    Twice做副词, 可以跟在动词后面, think twice;

关于double用法;
2.1    double可以是名词, 动词(vi&vt), 形容词, 副词, 限定词;
2.2    double做限定词时用法与twice相同
2.3    double跟在动词后面做副词,用法同twice (see double) --> double 做副词就这么一个用法,比twice单调;
2.4    没有double as…as只有twice as…as;
2.5    做形容词, 应该是the double price 或者 a double amount, 注意冠词在前;
2.6    做动词, 可以及物, 比如A doubles its size to…; 或者不及物, 比如 A doubles in size.

Double 和 twice 都要注意, 做同位语有时紧靠修饰词,有时被分隔保持句子平衡, 如:
1. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey. 这里twice the number跳过used cocaine in 1979.
------->即同位语可以跳过比较短的句子成分修饰到主句主语上去:
1. the whole truth came out that he is a bad guy. 这里 that从句跳过came out 做whole truth的同位语.
作者: 夜色微蓝    时间: 2011-4-17 17:22
哇塞,……………………,摘下来,对照实题,慢慢消化
作者: vkoa    时间: 2011-4-19 19:27
太感谢了,总算是看懂了这个知识点,以后再遇到就不怕啦~~
作者: hattiehh    时间: 2011-6-9 11:39
ding!
作者: Thyrod    时间: 2011-6-30 20:00
斑竹,这里说点我个人的意见
1)twice用法:twice as ... as; twice + 名词;twice + what 从句
                       无论怎么用,其核心都是修饰名词的,而不会修饰动作,所以要稍留意前后的名词匹配问题。
2)double用法:double + 名词;double + what从句
                           这两种用法和上面的twice是一样的,也要留意名词匹配问题

                          如果 double作为动词用,有时候表现为doubling,就是用来修饰动词了,就会自由很多,不会像名词修饰语那么受约束了。

现在对三个题发表下个人见解:
4. A survey by the National Council of Churches showed that in 1986 there were 20,736 female ministers, almost 9 percent of the nation’s clergy, twice as much as 1977.
A. twice as much as 1977
B. twice as many as 1977
C. double what it was in 1977
D. double the figure for 1977  (figure和20,736 female ministers对应,正确,但是可能这里用number比较好,个人见解)
E. a number double that of 1977's

The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.

a. doubling the increase of  (因为逻辑意思上比较跳跃,后面的increase和前面的哪个名词对都不上,所以用doubling,修饰rose)
b. doubling that of the increase in
c. double as much as the increase of
d. twice as many as the increase in
e. twice as many as the increase of

According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of
young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

我同意Ron的说法,E虽然是答案,但是也是有问题的,我觉得好的表达是twice the figure reported in the 1977 survey,因为前面是20%嘛,用figure比较对应。
如果(A) 改成doubling the number reported in the 1977 survey,我觉得不能算大错,但是有点怪。因为这里的动词是used,用doubling来修饰感觉不太顺;不像上一题的动词是rose,有doubling就非常贴切。

个人见解,希望斑竹指正......









作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2011-6-30 20:44
同意Thyrod的个人意见,不过对三个题目的理解略有异议,欢迎继续讨论:
1.figure常用语统计数据,在第一题里用figure没有问题. (figure和number语法上是Interchangeable的,逻辑上可能还figure更加有针对性一点。)
2.细节上讲,doubling并非修饰rose(因为如果理解为doubling修饰rose,那么因为rose的逻辑主语是The number of people,doubling就成了The number of people的动作了,逻辑不合理),而是修饰前面整个分句,doubling引导结果状语,无逻辑主语.
2.第三题的number可以仅指代20,不包括后面的Percent.

ps: 一个月不来有些手生,或有纰漏,望不吝指出。
作者: Thyrod    时间: 2011-7-2 10:40
同意上面版主所讲的,再总结一下(请版主有空确认一下)
1)double非动词用法的时候同twice(同时要注意作为名词修饰语时的前后逻辑对称性):
twice/double as ... as; twice/double+the+N.; twice+what从句;twice/double+that/those+修饰成分?
2)double动词,doubling短语作状语时比较自由,可以把前句整句表达的逻辑意思和doubling后面的内容对比。

另外,是否有twice+that/those+修饰成分的用法?Prep1 #202里面有用。
作者: ddswendy    时间: 2011-7-30 12:33
1.2 twice做限定词, 后面接名词性成分:
#1. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice what it was in the 1970’s.
#2. In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almost twice that number of trucks alone came off the assembly lines.
#3. American productivity is declining in relation to Europe’s; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as
twice that expended in West Germany.

关于上面的第三个例句,这里的twice应该是副词而不是限定词吧?twice做限定词的时候,后面不能直接跟不可数名词,而此句的that是指代energy这个不可数名词。
另外,此句去掉twice变为:
the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as that expended in West Germany.因此可以看出twice在这里是作为副词修饰much。
作者: dreamistrue    时间: 2011-10-18 11:11


再看另外两道题;
The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.

a.
b. doubling that of the increase in
c. double as much as the increase of
d. twice as many as the increase in
e. twice as many as the increase of

答案是A. 一个叫RON的人, 活跃于MHT论坛(MHT GMAT的instructor, GMAT800), BEATGMAT论坛的牛人, 解释D,E错误是因为 twice as ...as是同位语, 必须要修饰前面的名词, 而这里没有.所以错误.(当然, 他也说了更明显的就是many错了)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
不是修饰前面的名词,而是修饰前面的figure,就是具体的quantity(数字),RON给了2个例子,
Ifyou're going to say COMMA + "twice as many as...", then that'sincorrect unless there's actually a quantity in front of the comma.
e.g.  
last year i read 40 books, twice as many as iread in the preceding year  --> correct
last year the number of books i read increased dramatically, twice as manyas i read in the preceding year
--> incorrect
作者: dreamistrue    时间: 2011-10-18 11:12
第2道题还涉及到一个increase in 和of的区别: ron是这么解释的。 "the increase in X" means that X itself has increased. therefore, "the increase in the previous year" doesn't make sense, because the implication would be that the previous year itself had increased (what would that possibly mean?).

"the increase of TIME PERIOD", by contrast, means exactly what it should mean in this particular instance.
作者: wangjieava23    时间: 2012-5-16 11:24
不是的...第三题的twice是determinator. twice the number reported in the 1977 survey是同位语。前面"about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979"只是一个数据,一个既定的状态,而不能作为单纯的主谓宾结构(这里不是很好解释,因为有悖很多语法书上的很明确的观点,但是我想说所有语法点都是逻辑含义延伸出来的,思想有多广,语法点就有多少多,所以逻辑含义无穷尽,语法书上的语法点也是永远写不全的),逻辑上后面的twice the number reported in the 1977 survey修饰about 20 percent不会有修饰歧义。

同样地从逻辑含义上来讲,double这个如此活跃的实义动词,用在这个表示既定调查数据的句子里,其实并不是最合适的,用twice更加静态。
===========
第二题,从意合的角度来讲,double(doubling)与rise(rose)更为搭配,两个都是很鲜活的动词。
第一题,double也成了限定词,不再是鲜活的动词,所以把double用在了调查里也很好。
-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2010/2/21 21:01:57)





1.嗯, 同意这种看法。觉得“,+ving” 这样结构必须,主句动词和Ving都必须要表示实质动作。不能出现,前面一个状态,后面用Ving.
2. 同位语确实出现位于较短谓语之后的现象。
3. 同意后面帖子谈到的,使用同位语,主句应该出现具体数字。

作者: 易露笙    时间: 2014-8-2 16:58
讨论的很细致!!不过做题的时候感觉不用纠结twice和double,选择的时候只要看是否用对了,然后比较选择最合适的就好了!
作者: 269055085    时间: 2015-11-19 11:10
太厉害了!!!被折服了!!
作者: sherry系谢无敌    时间: 2016-4-7 05:47
好帖~顶上去~
作者: 跆拳九段31    时间: 2016-7-17 10:25
都是大神!学习了!这个知识点值得反复看
作者: Saraxia    时间: 2016-10-9 21:31
感谢分享!               
作者: lititiahao    时间: 2016-12-15 17:15
太赞了,感觉早期的讨论帖真的非常精华!
作者: boring0706    时间: 2017-3-8 07:34
stucash 发表于 2010-2-21 05:20
恩恩确实double和twice有区别的; 非常赞成你说的前者不能做定语后者可以.这样一来, 最后那个twice做副词引 ...

抱歉过这么久还来翻这个帖子,如果double X X在第一题做同位语的话,那个almost 9 percent看起来也是一个同位语,一个词组有两个同位语是可以的吗?
作者: xixixi77    时间: 2017-3-19 19:05
Mark一下!               
作者: danielsu    时间: 2017-7-1 09:24
stucash 发表于 2010-2-21 05:20
恩恩确实double和twice有区别的; 非常赞成你说的前者不能做定语后者可以.这样一来, 最后那个twice做副词引 ...

同意!               
作者: 让我过吧    时间: 2017-7-3 16:46
Mark一下!               
作者: 陈生生    时间: 2017-7-8 14:13
感谢分享!               
作者: jany422    时间: 2017-11-19 16:33
小球藻 发表于 2010-8-26 15:32
if the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "mu ...

Mark一下!               
作者: huuuuugo    时间: 2017-11-21 10:13
感谢分享!               
作者: paddy114    时间: 2017-11-22 02:45
小球藻 发表于 2010-8-26 15:32
if the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "mu ...

已学习
作者: yolojennie    时间: 2017-12-19 14:14
Mark一下!               
作者: 清北负娇人    时间: 2018-1-14 11:30
Thyrod 发表于 2011-6-30 20:00
斑竹,这里说点我个人的意见1)twice用法:twice as ... as; twice + 名词;twice + what 从句   &nb ...

the number指代的应该是 (the number of)adults而不是20%吧

作者: Ivy蓝蓝蓝蓝    时间: 2018-1-29 10:37
好贴,理解了double和twice的不同,谢谢谢谢~
作者: elena扬    时间: 2018-4-28 13:54
感谢分享!               
作者: 1984NY    时间: 2018-8-1 15:08
先赞一个 一会回来再看
作者: louisl    时间: 2019-7-26 10:29
感谢分享!               
作者: sherry1208    时间: 2020-9-5 11:16
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作者: anarrhea    时间: 2020-11-13 16:05
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作者: IkeZhang    时间: 2021-9-24 20:08
顶楼主!               




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