ffice" />天山新题20-6. After more than four decades of research and development, a new type of jet engine is being tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help boost cargoes into space at significantly lower costs than current methods permit.fficeffice" />
(A) tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two or help
(B) tested that could eventually have the capability of propelling aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or to help
(C) tested, eventually able to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours, or helping
(D) tested, and it eventually could propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours, or helping
(E) tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
. Although no proof yet exists of electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances posing any health threat, mounting scientific evidence has convinced many experts that there is cause for concern.fficeffice" />
(A) of electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances posing any health threat
(B) of electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances that pose any threat to health
(C) that electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances pose any threat to health
(D) that poses any threat to health from electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances（C）
(E) for any health threat posed by electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances
大全最新真题一套-3 答案C。
改写一下C：Although no proof that electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances pose any threat to health
That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individualfficeffice" />
will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted
OG-220 For almost a hundred years after having its beginning in 1788, ffice:smarttags" />
(D) During a hundred years, a period beginning in 1788,
(E) Over a period of a hundred years beginning in 1788, 对。fficeffice" />
OG对D的解释：Choice D is awkward and unidiomatic, and nonsensically suggests that a hundred years is defined as a period beginning in 1788. Precise and idiomatically phrased, choice E is best.
我的理解是因为 a period beginning in 1788是同位语，这里暗示了一个重复的old information, 表示任何一个100 years= a period begining in 1788 故，nonsense.
而E应该认为是一个添加性的new information, 表明一个开始与1788年的100年内。是一个特定的100年。
如果我对限定性定语从句和同位语从句的区别理解是对的的话，那么例3中的就应该是定语从句而不是同位语了。
Although no proof yet exists that electromagnetic fields generated by household appliances pose any threat to health
应该算添加了新信息吧。这样就可以说明没有be开头也是可以倒装的了。
could have the capability to ？
是不是 the capability of doing sth 阿 。 可以用to do 的么？？？
擦怕ｂｉｌｉｔｙ 好像只能有生命体做主语才行吧
有人给讲讲么？
选A.
THAT的先行词是ENGINE
看dreadpower的解释
偶也很菜的,但感觉A 有过度压缩之嫌,读起来不舒服;而 E 逻辑很清楚但有点罗嗦;且A的THAT从句的位置有 问题
你觉得有这样的用法吗？我觉得非常别扭。
(A) tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two or help
(E) tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
坚决站在NN gemj和bryony一边，A对，that分隔修饰属于正常语法范畴，没有任何歧义。E的错误是很明显的，除了冗余和啰嗦之外。
E肯定错，逻辑意思是不对的，After more than four decades of research and development这个时间状语的作用范围是涵盖整个句子。可是and后的子句在这个时间状语的作用下意思荒谬，其实E就是用逻辑意思排除掉。
正确答案就是（A）; 句子结构特点：由于定语部分太长，从句谓语前移以避免头重脚轻。选（E）的同学应该仔细看看OG的解释。
PS. GWD 的班到底是因为买整体还是因为他有特殊的方法论和见地。有体会的朋友点拨一下，总觉得如果方法有效的话为什么又投入人力物力在整体方面呢？
各位大侠 小弟来总结一下,请指教: 偶同意A. E的逻辑结构不对,而且用了AND 显得句子结构松散.原因如下:
is being tested that could 是习惯用法,这种用法是THAT引导的定语从句后置,平衡句子重心;这个句子不是部分倒装,是定语从句后置.
could have the capability to 这种说法是成立的, 并且不是一定要生命体当主语, 只是因为E中句子变成"引擎正在被测试,然后说它具有什么样的能力" 而原句偶的理解是 这种具备这种能力的引擎在测试中. E的逻辑结构不是很好. 有点松散.
个人意见请大牛们继续指点!
我请教了一位朋友，她在美国接受的教育，她给我的回信如下，请大家继续探讨：
I think the answer should be E.
For A, that modifies "type of engine," emphasis on
type and not engine. So technically, it's not the type
of engine that propels aircrafts, it's the engine. so
A doesn't make sense, if you want to be very nitty
gritty about grammar.
For E, the could and have the capability are not
redundant because the "could" refers to the type of
engine. And the "have the capability to" refers to
the new engine, implied in the "it" of the sentence.
So it's the new engine that will have the capability
to propel. The "capability to propel" is a
characteristic of the new engine and not the "type of
engine."
I guess even in high school, I didn't pay much
attention to these kind of sentence specifics. But in
college and after I started working...all the little
details are important. The modifications must be very
clear on what exactly it's referring to, or else the
choice is wrong. 
我选A。E给人的感觉是由于engine被test了，终于engine能怎么怎么了，隐藏着这种因果关系似的。而我理解句子本身世想说研制了40多年了，一个最终可以怎么怎么的engine，现在正在被测试中。
逻辑上的含义我觉得也是SC关键和难点。
继续讨论----
A
E：could eventually have the capability to 明显的罗嗦
After more than four decades of research and development, a new type of jet engine is being tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help boost cargoes into space at significantly lower costs than current methods permit.
(A) tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two or help
(B) tested that could eventually have the capability of propelling aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or to help
(C) tested, eventually able to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours, or helping
(D) tested, and it eventually could propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours, or helping
(E) tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
我觉得，E是更好的选择。
理由1，首先，A选项的定语从句的位置没有任何问题；但是这样一个定语从句，从结构上说，先修饰了engine，因此出现某种逻辑错误：即（将要，或者可能）拥有该能力的engine正在被进行测试，而实际上，显然的先后关系是，先被进行测试，然后才拥有该能力；
理由2，针对E选项最大的争论是在Could 和have capability的重复，看起来wordy and redundant。但事实上，我们知道could本身除了具有“能”的意思以外，更重要的作用是表现一种情态，即对未来不肯定的猜测，亦即“可能”，略带虚拟语气，per the explanation of Longman,
could:
▶
OSSIBILITY◀
a) used to say that something is possible or might happen ...
因此，could在这里并不不和have the capability重复；事实上，我们在写作的时，有时候为了表达这样的一种含蓄的感觉，经常用could代替can，用would 代替will，甚至凭空加一个could or would。
理由1，首先，A选项的定语从句的位置没有任何问题；但是这样一个定语从句，从结构上说，先修饰了engine，因此出现某种逻辑错误：即（将要，或者可能）拥有该能力的engine正在被进行测试，而实际上，显然的先后关系是，先被进行测试，然后才拥有该能力；
－绝对的逻辑错误！“能力”不会因为测试而产生，测试只是证明一下有没有能力而已。从common sense来将，文中提到的“测试”是一般科研过程中的可行性测试，这里确切地说就是安全及引擎可不可以正常的运转等方面的测试。其能力是在开发研究阶段赋予的。
偶选A，E就是罗嗦。
反对楼上的理由1，见红字部分。
F37, if you had a basic point of what is modern R&D, you would never have that view. Testing is one of the most important phases in R&D... (Maybe I'm way too far
)
偶并没有否认TESTING的重要性啊，偶知道是很重要的！
偶反对的是你说的TESTING的目的！
偶并没有否认TESTING的重要性啊，偶知道是很重要的！
偶反对的是你说的TESTING的目的！
偶选A，E就是罗嗦。
反对楼上的理由1，见红字部分。
could have the capability to ？
是不是 the capability of doing sth 阿 。 可以用to do 的么？？？
擦怕ｂｉｌｉｔｙ 好像只能有生命体做主语才行吧
有人给讲讲么？
To 麻集爱: 首先，capability of / capability to do都可以用，前者强调属性，后者强调目的；capability与capable不同，后者一般跟of doing。
但是我认为 麻集爱 关于capability的人物属性是可取的。
在此，我想对dashasha在31楼的帖子发表一下看法，如你朋友所言，即便A的确是that modifies "type of engine," emphasis on type and not engine. 那么E呢？难道E的it会是指代engine而不是type? 在我看来，恰恰是E的it应该指代核心名词type，而不是engine。至于A，前面已经有XDJM发表看法了，其实是一个倒装，由于that从句过长，所以后置。这在阅读中有不少例子。此外，虽然E中can和capability的确是指不同的对象，但是，东西怎么能有能力呢？比如我们可以说：我们有能力让发电厂发电，但不能说：发电厂有能力发电。
所以，我觉得，这题还应该是A
我觉得，E是更好的选择。
理由1，首先，A选项的定语从句的位置没有任何问题；但是这样一个定语从句，从结构上说，先修饰了engine，因此出现某种逻辑错误：即（将要，或者可能）拥有该能力的engine正在被进行测试，而实际上，显然的先后关系是，先被进行测试，然后才拥有该能力；
如果理解成“正在被测试的engine拥有某种潜力“就没问题了。
理由2，针对E选项最大的争论是在Could 和have capability的重复，看起来wordy and redundant。但事实上，我们知道could本身除了具有“能”的意思以外，更重要的作用是表现一种情态，即对未来不肯定的猜测，亦即“可能”，略带虚拟语气，per the explanation of Longman,
could:
▶OSSIBILITY◀
a) used to say that something is possible or might happen ...
因此，could在这里并不不和have the capability重复；事实上，我们在写作的时，有时候为了表达这样的一种含蓄的感觉，经常用could代替can，用would 代替will，甚至凭空加一个could or would。
我同意could在这里表情态，有点不确定的意味。但这层意思"could potentially ..."已经很清楚地表达了，所以"could have the capacity to ..."有累赘之嫌 。(A) tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two or help
(E) tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
坚决站在NN gemj和bryony一边，A对，that分隔修饰属于正常语法范畴，没有任何歧义。E的错误是很明显的，除了冗余和啰嗦之外。
E肯定错，逻辑意思是不对的，After more than four decades of research and development这个时间状语的作用范围是涵盖整个句子。可是and后的子句在这个时间状语的作用下意思荒谬，其实E就是用逻辑意思排除掉。
同意tianwan对排除E选项所作的解释。
LES的逻辑是对的。理解成“可能具有某种能力的引擎正在被测试”比较合理；而不能说“这个引擎被测试后，它就具备了某种能力”。
To dashasha:
偶觉得你朋友的说法有两个错误：
1. a new type of engine 的中心词是engine而不是type, 若改成the new type of engine, 这里的中心词是type, 请参考a number of sth. 和 the number of sth. 的区别。
2. 退一步，即使按你朋友反对A的理由说a new type of engine的中心词是type所以that引导的从句是修饰type的话，那么在E选项中她应该说it 指代a new type of engine短语的中心词type，而为什么这里她却说是指代engine了呢？
(E) tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
E的错误还在于 it could have...or help或it could have the capability to propel....or help...
这个E选项的硬伤太多。肯定是错的。
To dashasha:
偶觉得你朋友的说法有两个错误：
1. a new type of engine 的中心词是engine而不是type, 若改成the new type of engine, 这里的中心词是type, 请参考a number of sth. 和 the number of sth. 的区别。
2. 退一步，即使按你朋友反对A的理由说a new type of engine的中心词是type所以that引导的从句是修饰type的话，那么在E选项中她应该说it 指代a new type of engine短语的中心词type，而为什么这里她却说是指代engine了呢？
不错，有道理。
支持A
If A is right, then, either "that(jet engine) could ..." or "that(new type of jet engin) could ...".
confusing aaa
A, I'm sure.
在真考中，别说在你的大脑中去比较正确与错误两种解释是不可能的，就连你把正确的思路缕顺偶觉得都是很困难的，毕竟分布到每题的时间只有1-2分钟。
所以在真考中我将仅仅根据have the capability to就基本将E排除，在看A没有错误后，E就不要管他了。
当然在分析中我们还是要较真的，我觉得此题的答案毫无疑问是A。
capability的定义：
Capability/plural capabilities [countable]
the natural ability, skill, or power that makes a machine, person, or organization able to do something, especially something difficult
由此可见，a new type of jet engine is being tested，然后could eventually have the capability to，这种顺承关系的荒谬性已经昭然若揭了吧。
同时，想问个问题：
在E中
After more than four decades of research and development, a new type of jet engine is being tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help boost cargoes into space at significantly lower costs than current methods permit.
对于“, and ”后的部分After more than four decades 还有修饰作用吗？
谁能告诉我为什么选项E用have而不是has？我语法很菜，帮帮我，谢谢！
我同意E.
A中THAT定语从句有歧义.OR HELP 可以同时和IS PROPEL 并列.
这道题我还有个疑问: 查了longman上关于that的一种用法, 如下
那么A中的that 从句会不会产生歧意? 做定语还是目的状语?
应该选a, 第一，e 中的could和capability 意思重复，第二，e有run－on的嫌疑， 因为and后面是一个完整的句子，这两个都属于绝对错误
tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
1.could与capability是redundancy
2.capability of doing，不用to do
E中有一个问题, 大家都没有提到: propel 和help 是并列的成分, help 的to 不应该去掉.
正确写法是:, .....to propel..... or TO help.
请问这是不是GMAT中可能存在的一种错误?请大家指教.
E中有一个问题, 大家都没有提到: propel 和help 是并列的成分, help 的to 不应该去掉.
正确写法是:, .....to propel..... or TO help.
请问这是不是GMAT中可能存在的一种错误?请大家指教.
我觉得to可以省。i would like to do rather than (to) do...
哈哈，漫长的讨论...我做题时选的A，看了另外一个讨论贴又觉得E对...在看完这贴之后又回头支持A了，嘿嘿...
事实上像TONY讲的那样，正式考试的时候在那一两分钟内哪有时间考虑那么多...基本上看见COULD...CAPABILITY还有CAPABILITY TO DO就直接把E给排除了...
E
我觉得A的that太奇怪。。
E中的 have the capability to do 可以理解为有能力去做某事
与
有什么能力---- have the capability of doing sth.
不矛盾
tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
1.could与capability是redundancy
2.capability of doing，不用to do
我昨天刚做了这道题，看到这个讨论不禁让我想起我以前自己总结的老美SC之十大酷刑，正是其第十大酷刑之 明枪易躲，暗箭难防
！有兴趣请参考
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=114216&replyID=&skin=0
我到考试碰到这道题不考虑就选E，无所谓对错了。A的that的确是结构性问题，大问题，E有很多问题，但相比A就是小问题。
有力气的再讨论啊！
OG87ETS明确说has the capability to do是不好的
87. Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on if it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.
(A) if it can broaden its membership and leave
(B) whether it can broaden its membership and leave
(C) whether or not it has the capability to broaden its membership and can leave
(D) its ability for broadening its membership and leaving
(E) the ability for it to broaden its membership and leave
Choice C uses whether or not where only whether is needed, includes the awkward and wordy construction has the capability to,
the awkward and wordy construction has the capability to
--那 can have the capability to 就错的没谱了
(E) tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
E的错误还在于 it could have...or help或it could have the capability to propel....or help...
这个E选项的硬伤太多。肯定是错的。
it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
是否指动词help可与前面的动词have平行，或同propel平行，引起歧义？
如果变成 have...to propel or to help 会否就好？
另外：假设sing和dance两动作平行,以下哪种才是正确的形式？
be able to sing or dance 还是 be able to sing or to dance
如果后面的to能省，那何时能省？何时需要保留？
个人观点，仅供参考。是E，two compelling reasons：
1）eventually，说明了是tested的结果，同样证明A错 in logic.
2）that修饰engine不会放在这么后面，ETS最忌讳的一点，OG174的解释 "is an apt illustration: both D and E are awkward and imprecise because that is too far away from its referent (letter) to be clear。"
While we have to use the clause "that ..." to modify "the engine" regardless of the meaning of "eventually", at the same time we should use "whether" in place of "that" to illustate that it is an either-or option to be tested.
我觉得E好，关键要看逻辑意思。不能太拘泥与所谓的语法结构。engine是一个实意的名次（设备），从句表达的意思实际上是通过装备飞机来实现的。而，capability在英文中就有power的意思（能量），而不能单从所谓的与“can/could重复”这个词法的层面来看。
敬请大家体会一下engine直接做propel/help boost cargo的主语的感觉。
另外，关于所谓的redundancy,我觉得XDJI还应该有更自如的理解。比如我记得大全里有一道争议题应该是关于could/potential的，我就在OG阅读的大概前15篇里（或是前10篇）某一篇的文中末段读到过一句话就是...could petentially...
对不起，我比较懒没有几下来，但印象极深。因为那天下午我刚做到争议题，晚上看阅读就看到这句话。
A is not right, E is right, "that" in A is awkward
I just asked an American colleague, he said A is more consistent and compact in the first glance.But he is not sure E is right or not.
如果看完了这么多大N的讨论，还不能说服你选另一个答案，那么就坚定自己的选择吧。
A对
1. 定于后置没有错
2. 逻辑清晰,意思是：“那个可能有某种和某种功能的引擎在测试中”
E错
1.承认have capability to do的这种结构 可能正确，但是好像常见的还是have capability of doing sth
2. is being tested 和 could have capability首先在时态上就存在不平行。
理由1，首先，A选项的定语从句的位置没有任何问题；但是这样一个定语从句，从结构上说，先修饰了engine，因此出现某种逻辑错误：即（将要，或者可能）拥有该能力的engine正在被进行测试，而实际上，显然的先后关系是，先被进行测试，然后才拥有该能力；
－绝对的逻辑错误！“能力”不会因为测试而产生，测试只是证明一下有没有能力而已。从common sense来将，文中提到的“测试”是一般科研过程中的可行性测试，这里确切地说就是安全及引擎可不可以正常的运转等方面的测试。其能力是在开发研究阶段赋予的。
偶选A，E就是罗嗦。
反对楼上的理由1，见红字部分。
我不同意LESMM的说法, 这里并不是测试它有没有这种能力,而是测试它是不是could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or....所以这是不同的.
我来说一下我的看法吧...我认为都有不好的地方:
A:
1)逻辑意思错误:应该是先被test,才知道eventually怎么样;
E:
1)could/capability连用有重复之嫌;
2)我觉得GMAT语法中出现and似乎都应该是并列结构,所以这里有run-on之嫌,因为and后接了一个完整的句子;
3)help不知是与have the capability 并列还是与to propel 并列;
通过择优我想大家应该自己心里有正解了吧...
| capability: [ .keipə'biliti ]  n. 能力,才能,性能,容量 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 例句与用法: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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e
google里可以找到原书原文出处
e
google里可以找到原书原文出处
搜了一下，但原文经过修改，不能证明是E，虽说我选的也是E。
This could lead to aircraft that can take people anywhere in the world within two hours or help boost cargoes into space at significantly lower costs, proponents say.
http://www.zap16.com/X43-a.htm
有人说E答案could和capabilty重复
could有以下两种用法
1、used as the past tense of 'can' to say what someone was able to do or was allowed to do in the past
2、used to say that something is possible or might happen
根据主句的现在时态，应该可以确定A和E中的could都应该是第二种用法，表可能性而非表能力。
这样，could和capabilty似乎就不重复了
(A) tested that could eventually propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two or help
(B) tested that could eventually have the capability of propelling aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or to help
(C) tested, eventually able to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours, or helping
(D) tested, and it eventually could propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours, or helping
(E) tested, and it could eventually have the capability to propel aircraft anywhere in the world within two hours or help
个人感觉是A，因为很明显B和E都有很明显的重复错误：could和have the capability of而且新东方的老师也说表示“能够”这几个词的优先级应该是：can和be able to优先ability优先capable优先capability。然后，C和D选项中的helping没有与之平行的对象，或者有与之平行的对象但是意思却无法解释。
An example:
My son could have the capability to be the President of United States.
My son has the capability to be the President of United States.
完全不同的意思，不能因为要简洁就省略这个could
q
是E！
两句话的意思都不一样，第一个说的是实验这件事情能够促进...，帮助...
而后面的选项表达了正确的意思，it指代了engine促进了...，帮助...
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