ChaseDream

标题: 北京11月18日，高度怀疑今天换题库了，顺便附上一片阅读的JJ [打印本页]
作者: darkangelpp    时间: 2009-11-18 17:37
标题: 北京11月18日，高度怀疑今天换题库了，顺便附上一片阅读的JJ
由于我基本没怎么看数学机经，所以做完math的时候根本没有意识到换题库，verbal发现所有阅读都是没有见过的，所以感觉可能换题库，出来后，很多人说数学基本没有遇到jj上的题，才意识到确实是换题库了，RP真是差。。。


献上一篇阅读的jj，印象比较深的一个
总过两段，讲鸟类是怎么进化成可以飞的。。。
第一段说有两个理论，第一个是说鸟类是有一些爬树能力强的动物进化，它们可以爬到树上，从树枝上跳下，然后逐渐进化成翅膀，有鳞片变成羽毛啥的blablab。。。然后有个发现跳出来说，在XX挖出来的一个Axxxx的化石，被认为是鸟类的祖先，说他的爬树能力不强，而且让步说就算他们中有些能爬树但是根据出土那个化石的地方附近没有发现很高植物的化石，所以第一个理论是被否了。


第二段开始说理论二，会飞的鸟类是由一些奔跑速度快的动物进化的，他们在地上快速奔跑，然后展开双手，渐渐的双手进化成翅膀，然后就可以飞了，然后说了好多第二个理论怎么好啦，符合什么现象啦，就是对比于第一个观点，表示支持的态度。


有个主题题，还有一个问题是第二个理论里面提到的那种动物的特点是什么，可以定位到第二段的中间部分找
作者: LVICHIGO    时间: 2009-11-18 17:55
gwd27-Q3--Q6好像和LZ说的RC有点像哎，恩，就下面介个

Two opposing scenarios, the “arboreal” hypothesis and the “cursorial” hypothesis, have traditionally been put forward concerning the origins of bird flight. The “arboreal” hypothesis holds that bird ancestors began to fly by climbing trees and gliding down from branches with the help of incipient feathers: the height of trees provides a good starting place for launching flight, especially through gliding. As feathers became larger over time, flapping flight evolved and birds finally became fully air-borne. This hypothesis makes intuitive sense, but certain aspects are troubling. Archaeopteryx (the earliest known bird) and its maniraptoran dinosaur cousins have no obviously arboreal adaptations, such as feet fully adapted for perching. Perhaps some of them could climb trees, but no convincing analysis has demonstrated how Archaeopteryx would have both climbed and flown with its forelimbs, and there were no plants taller than a few meters in the environments where Archaeopteryx fossils have been found. Even if the animals could climb trees, this ability is not synonymous with gliding ability. (Many small animals, and even some goats and kangaroos, are capable of climbing trees but are not gliders.) Besides, Archaeopteryx shows no obvious features of gliders, such as a broad membrane connecting forelimbs and hind limbs.

  The “cursorial”(running) hypothesis holds that small dinosaurs ran along the ground and stretched out their arms for balance as they leaped into the air after insect prey or, perhaps, to avoid predators. Even rudimentary feathers on forelimbs could have expanded the arm’s surface area to enhance lift slightly. Larger feathers could have increased lift incrementally, until sustained flight was gradually achieved. Of course, a leap into the air does not provide the acceleration produced by dropping out of a tree; an animal would have to run quite fast to take off. Still, some small terrestrial animals can achieve high speeds. The cursorial hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that the immediate theropod dinosaur ancestors of birds were terrestrial, and they had the traits needed for high lift off speeds: they were small, agile, lightly built, long-legged, and good runners. And because they were bipedal, their arms were free to evolve flapping flight, which cannot be said for other reptiles of their time.  

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作者: qq309790244    时间: 2009-11-18 18:01
可以贡献一些数学钩钩吗~
作者: darkangelpp    时间: 2009-11-18 18:02
在附上几到数学勾勾

|X|+|Y|=6 问在坐标系里围成的面积是多少

数列x,y,z,-1,0,2,1 其中每一项都是前三项的和，问求x+y+z的和

有一道集合的题总共4中课E,J,P,S，说选J课程的都选了E课程，选P课程的有7个人选了E课程，有15个人选了J课程，35人选了P课程，13个人选了S课程。问选了3种课程的学生最多可能是多少个。（具体数字可能不是很准确，但关系应该没错，这道题特别绕，当时我就崩溃了）
作者: darkangelpp    时间: 2009-11-18 18:03

gwd27-Q3--Q6好像和LZ说的RC有点像哎，恩，就下面介个

Two opposing scenarios, the “arboreal” hypothesis and the “cursorial” hypothesis, have traditionally been put forward concerning the origins of bird flight. The “arboreal” hypothesis holds that bird ancestors began to fly by climbing trees and gliding down from branches with the help of incipient feathers: the height of trees provides a good starting place for launching flight, especially through gliding. As feathers became larger over time, flapping flight evolved and birds finally became fully air-borne. This hypothesis makes intuitive sense, but certain aspects are troubling. Archaeopteryx (the earliest known bird) and its maniraptoran dinosaur cousins have no obviously arboreal adaptations, such as feet fully adapted for perching. Perhaps some of them could climb trees, but no convincing analysis has demonstrated how Archaeopteryx would have both climbed and flown with its forelimbs, and there were no plants taller than a few meters in the environments where Archaeopteryx fossils have been found. Even if the animals could climb trees, this ability is not synonymous with gliding ability. (Many small animals, and even some goats and kangaroos, are capable of climbing trees but are not gliders.) Besides, Archaeopteryx shows no obvious features of gliders, such as a broad membrane connecting forelimbs and hind limbs.

  The “cursorial”(running) hypothesis holds that small dinosaurs ran along the ground and stretched out their arms for balance as they leaped into the air after insect prey or, perhaps, to avoid predators. Even rudimentary feathers on forelimbs could have expanded the arm’s surface area to enhance lift slightly. Larger feathers could have increased lift incrementally, until sustained flight was gradually achieved. Of course, a leap into the air does not provide the acceleration produced by dropping out of a tree; an animal would have to run quite fast to take off. Still, some small terrestrial animals can achieve high speeds. The cursorial hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that the immediate theropod dinosaur ancestors of birds were terrestrial, and they had the traits needed for high lift off speeds: they were small, agile, lightly built, long-legged, and good runners. And because they were bipedal, their arms were free to evolve flapping flight, which cannot be said for other reptiles of their time.  

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-- by 会员 LVICHIGO (2009/11/18 17:55:58)
对，就是这篇～哇考古学家～～
作者: jiayini85    时间: 2009-11-18 18:07
GWD 还真是不能不看啊 今天开始抱佛脚 猛攻GWD谢谢提供JJ
祝楼主再创佳绩
作者: LVICHIGO    时间: 2009-11-18 18:07
哦！！！谢谢LZ大好人，马上就考了还能看到原文。。。泪汪汪。。。恩。。。LZ能提供下本月数学和上月JJ出题点不太一样的地方吗？就是。。。恩，有没考到上月JJ没考过的考点。。。

附GWD的题目（注意不是JJ哈）

Q 3:

The primary purpose of the passage is to



A.     present counterevidence to two hypotheses concerning the origins of  bird flight

B.     propose and alternative to two hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight

correct certain misconceptions about hypotheses concerning the  origins of bird flight

C.     (missing)

D.     refute a challenge to a hypothesis concerning the origins of bird flight

E.     evaluate competing hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight



---------------------------------------------------

Q 4:

The passage presents which of the following facts as evidence that tends to undermine the arboreal hypothesis?



A.     Feathers tend to become larger over time

B.     Flapping flight is thought to have evolved gradually over time

C.     Many small animals are capable of climbing trees.

D.    Plants in Archaeopteryx’s known habitats were relatively small

E.      Leaping into the air does not provide as much acceleration as gliding out of a tree



------------------------------------------------

Q 5:

Which of the following is included in the discussion of the cursorial hypothesis but not in the discussion of the arboreal hypothesis?



A.     A discussion of some of the features of Archaeopteryx

B.     A description of the environment known to have been inhabited by bird ancestors

C.     A possible reason why bird ancestors might have been engaging in activities that eventually evolved into flight

D.     A description of the obvious features of animals with gliding ability

E.      An estimate of the amount of time it took for bird ancestors to evolve the kind of flapping flight that allowed them to become completely airborne



-------------------------------------------------

Q 6:

The passage suggests which of the following regarding the climbing ability of Archaeopteryx?



A.     Its ability to climb trees was likely hindered by the presence of incipient feathers on its forelimbs.

B.     It was probably better at climbing trees than were its maniraptoran dinosaur cousins.

C.     It had certain physical adaptations that suggest it was skilled at climbing trees.

D.     Scientists have recently discovered fossil evidence suggesting it could not climb trees.

E.     Scientists are uncertain whether it was capable of climbing trees



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作者: gengxianjie    时间: 2009-11-18 18:12
请把这篇文章的题附上吧，找不到
作者: darkangelpp    时间: 2009-11-18 18:24
哦！！！谢谢LZ大好人，马上就考了还能看到原文。。。泪汪汪。。。恩。。。LZ能提供下本月数学和上月JJ出题点不太一样的地方吗？就是。。。恩，有没考到上月JJ没考过的考点。。。

附GWD的题目（注意不是JJ哈）

Q 3:

The primary purpose of the passage is to



A.     present counterevidence to two hypotheses concerning the origins of  bird flight

B.     propose and alternative to two hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight

correct certain misconceptions about hypotheses concerning the  origins of bird flight

C.     (missing)

D.     refute a challenge to a hypothesis concerning the origins of bird flight

E.     evaluate competing hypotheses concerning the origins of bird flight



---------------------------------------------------

Q 4:

The passage presents which of the following facts as evidence that tends to undermine the arboreal hypothesis?



A.     Feathers tend to become larger over time

B.     Flapping flight is thought to have evolved gradually over time

C.     Many small animals are capable of climbing trees.

D.    Plants in Archaeopteryx’s known habitats were relatively small

E.      Leaping into the air does not provide as much acceleration as gliding out of a tree



------------------------------------------------

Q 5:

Which of the following is included in the discussion of the cursorial hypothesis but not in the discussion of the arboreal hypothesis?



A.     A discussion of some of the features of Archaeopteryx

B.     A description of the environment known to have been inhabited by bird ancestors

C.     A possible reason why bird ancestors might have been engaging in activities that eventually evolved into flight

D.     A description of the obvious features of animals with gliding ability

E.      An estimate of the amount of time it took for bird ancestors to evolve the kind of flapping flight that allowed them to become completely airborne



-------------------------------------------------

Q 6:

The passage suggests which of the following regarding the climbing ability of Archaeopteryx?



A.     Its ability to climb trees was likely hindered by the presence of incipient feathers on its forelimbs.

B.     It was probably better at climbing trees than were its maniraptoran dinosaur cousins.

C.     It had certain physical adaptations that suggest it was skilled at climbing trees.

D.     Scientists have recently discovered fossil evidence suggesting it could not climb trees.

E.     Scientists are uncertain whether it was capable of climbing trees



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-- by 会员 LVICHIGO (2009/11/18 18:07:37)



那个数学我基本没怎么看jj...感觉就是这次排列组合的题目很少，我就碰到了2道，集合类的题目比较多，而且很绕（其中还有个四个种类的交集啥的），我就记得当时我草稿纸上面画的全是各种圆圈。。。。
作者: darkangelpp    时间: 2009-11-18 18:26
还有就是gwd的那个原文，Q5和Q6是原题，连选项的位置都没有变，但主题题好像和这个不一样
作者: LVICHIGO    时间: 2009-11-18 18:30
哇哈哈哈！！！正好排列组合不会。。。
附中文版~~
两种解释鸟飞的假设：树栖和疾走。
树栖论说鸟祖先爬上树滑行下来，随着羽毛越来越大，最终飞了起来。
树栖论的问题：始祖鸟和M恐龙没有明显的栖树适应性，如合适的脚。
没分析显示始祖鸟曾用前肢爬树和飞，始祖鸟化石发现的地方也没有发现高 树。即使它会爬树也不表明会滑翔。没明显的滑翔特征。
疾走论认为鸟为了躲避猎食者，奔跑并张开双臂平行,前肢的原始特征能帮助身体稍微升高,然后鸟慢慢就飞起来了。
兽脚亚目恐龙祖先拥有各种疾走的特点。
此外，它们用两足走，双臂有空用来拍打。
作者: mark1ysy    时间: 2009-11-18 19:34
恩看来GWD还是很有用的
感谢楼主分享了~~看来现在换JJ的时间还是在预计范围
作者: EMINEM830505    时间: 2009-11-18 19:40
感谢楼主！
作者: audray0110    时间: 2009-11-18 20:32
顶！
作者: candicelu    时间: 2009-11-18 20:53
感谢楼主
作者: 糖果音符    时间: 2009-11-19 13:10
谢谢LZ....也谢谢找到考古的LVICHIGO~~~
大家的努力会让接下来要去裸的人就不那么彻底啦~~~
作者: 童言无忌    时间: 2009-11-19 13:20
thanks for sharing!
作者: MonkeyDeLuff    时间: 2009-11-19 13:43
E J S P那个题 能不能整理一下 陈述的有点confusing 谢谢
作者: flyzoe小猪    时间: 2009-11-20 01:00
我感觉会不会缺条件，全集没有给，很难说....,谢谢楼主！
作者: veronicayang    时间: 2009-11-20 11:22
感激不尽啊啊啊啊啊



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