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标题: gwd-13-4 [打印本页]
作者: jillchenyy 时间: 2009-10-7 17:04
标题: gwd-13-4
In the years following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent. In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent. The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.
The argument above requires which of the following assumptions?
A. During the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes did not increase by as much as it had during the year prior to the tax increase.
B. The one percent fall in cigarette sales in the year prior to tax increases was due to a smaller tax increase.
C. The pretax price of a pack of cigarettes gradually decreased throughout the year before and the year after the tax increase.
D. For the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes was not eight or more cents lower than it had been the previous year.
E. As the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes rises, the pretax price also rises.
答案
看得糊涂,pretax 和aftertax哪个大啊?什么思路啊?
作者: jillchenyy 时间: 2009-10-9 11:21
盼NN
作者: ywaidj 时间: 2009-10-9 15:31
aftertax比较贵，加上税了啊！
作者: jillchenyy 时间: 2009-10-9 16:11
这道题什么思路啊
作者: 冰雨自由 时间: 2009-10-9 17:01
以下是引用jillchenyy在2009/10/7 17:04:00的发言：In the years following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent. In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent. The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.
The argument above requires which of the following assumptions?
A. During the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes did not increase by as much as it had during the year prior to the tax increase.
B. The one percent fall in cigarette sales in the year prior to tax increases was due to a smaller tax increase.
C. The pretax price of a pack of cigarettes gradually decreased throughout the year before and the year after the tax increase.
D. For the year following the tax increase, the pretax price of a pack of cigarettes was not eight or more cents lower than it had been the previous year.
E. As the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes rises, the pretax price also rises.
答案
看得糊涂,pretax 和aftertax哪个大啊?什么思路啊?
当香烟的税增加8 cent后，香烟的sales下跌了10%
当税增加前8 cent前，sales只下跌1%
结论：sales和税后价格是密切相关的。因为税后价格高了，所以sales下降。成立的前提是香烟税前的价格不能减少。
D取非：在加了税的年份里，如果除掉税，香烟原本的价格就比之前低了8 cent甚至更多，这样的话，就算再加上税，价格是不会高于之前的价格的，那么他的结论 sales与税后价格密切相关就不能成立，削弱。
不知道这样清楚么？
作者: jillchenyy 时间: 2009-10-11 13:58
谢谢,我这两天睡觉的时候想想想通了,真不知道怎么说老外的思路好了
作者: 快乐小龙 时间: 2010-6-1 15:01
请问A为什么不对呢？
作者: costan 时间: 2011-3-6 22:48
文中其实忽略了一个前提，就是加税前，香烟的价格是否有降低。如果降低了8%或更多，即使加税，香烟的出售价格就没怎么变化，于是销售份额与价格就没多大关系。
作者: costan 时间: 2011-3-6 22:51
最终的价格由初始价和增长比例来决定。增长比例变化了，不一定终价就变化。两个变量控制的结果，都是要假设一个变量不变化，这是逻辑题中常见的一种。
作者: smallway 时间: 2011-5-11 21:58
碰到需要一点经济常识的题。关注文中出现的的数字。答案会有照应的吧
作者: sundayydf 时间: 2011-5-21 11:41
同问，A为什么不对
作者: whenusmile 时间: 2011-11-17 19:55
A为什么错其实很简单啊。
香烟的价格是pre-tax price+tax.
A表达的意思就是pre-tax涨了两次，一次在涨tax前，一次在涨tax后。
第二次涨得没第一次多。
对A取非就是两次涨得一样多。
多结论能削弱么？？不管谁多谁少，反正就是一个结果，香烟的总price上升了，顺应了结论就是sale下降。不能削弱啊~~
B选项是过去不代表现在。
C选项是降了多少不知道啊~不能判定。
E选项同理A选项。
不知道说得对不，拙见，希望可以抛砖引玉。
作者: 09zhangxiaobin 时间: 2011-12-11 09:41
A为什么错其实很简单啊。
香烟的价格是pre-tax price+tax.
A表达的意思就是pre-tax涨了两次，一次在涨tax前，一次在涨tax后。
第二次涨得没第一次多。
对A取非就是两次涨得一样多。
多结论能削弱么？？不管谁多谁少，反正就是一个结果，香烟的总price上升了，顺应了结论就是sale下降。不能削弱啊~~
B选项是过去不代表现在。
C选项是降了多少不知道啊~不能判定。
E选项同理A选项。
不知道说得对不，拙见，希望可以抛砖引玉。
-- by 会员 whenusmile (2011/11/17 19:55:48)
我也是继续抛砖引玉
A说 香烟的pre-tax 没有和以前增长的更多， 取非香烟的pre-tax 价格比原来猛增（比如）100倍，那么导致价格增长的原因是pre-tax，所以销量也就下降了。我觉得A也有道理，不能说错
作者: gudjohnssen 时间: 2012-9-23 10:14
也来说说A吧。
题目中想要证明的是香烟销量和after－tax价格相关。
文中还说，在没有增加tax之前，销量也下滑了1％。这1％显然不是由tax引起的，那是什么呢？有可能over years pre－tax价格本身就在慢慢增加而导致销量下滑。
对于A选项，取非，pre－tax价格像加tax之前那样增长，那么只能推出来销量会继续下滑1％，不能解释其余7％。所以A与结论无关。
不知道这样说清楚不。
作者: 醒醒Shine 时间: 2014-5-9 17:59
我先错选了A。 但是跟D的精确到8 cent比起来，A确实不够好。
作者: juneberry 时间: 2015-1-17 16:34
Premise: cigarette tax went up by $0.08 and sales went down.
Conclusion: higher cigarette costs mean fewer sales
Assumption: No change in cigarette cost other than the $0.08 tax.
(D) tells us that the pre-sale cost of cigarettes did not change my more than $0.08 cheaper. Because if it had, then cigarette costs could be less than the year prior, even though the taxes went up. In an extremem scenario, last year, cigarettes cost $10 per pack, and this year, they cost $1.08. Even though I added $0.08 tax, I could still discount my product so that it is cheaper than it was before.
_________________
Joe Lucero
Manhattan GMAT Instructor
作者: ArsèneSONG 时间: 2017-3-21 20:55
这里有一个算是国外的常识，和我们过内不一样。就是你在买烟（包括其他商品）的时候，tax指的是消费税，是在商品定价之后加在你要负的钱里面的，所以你的最终售价是税前价+你要付的消费税。
而在过内，消费税由于种种原因难以征收，所以由上游企业代为缴纳，说以我们会认为这里的税是指针对销售商收的税，因此对这道题可能会有疑问。
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