72. (30176-!-item-!-188;#058&005083)
A study followed a group of teenagers who had never smoked and tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. After one year, the incidence of depression among those who had taken up smoking was four times as high as it was among those who had not. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Participants who were depressed at the start of the study were no more likely to be smokers after one year than those who were not depressed.
B. The study did not distinguish between participants who smoked only occasionally and those who were heavy smokers.
C. Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.
D. Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.
E. The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.
大家什么思路呢
第二道:
74. (28254-!-item-!-188;#058&002906)
Comcorp Shipping Clerk: Last week, no shipments of building supplies were sent out on Friday. The five specially ordered shipments sent out last week were sent out on Thursday, and each of those specially ordered shipments consisted entirely of building supplies. Four shipments were sent to Truax Construction last week, none of which consisted of building supplies.
If the shipping clerk’s statements are true, which of the following must also be true?
A. All of Comcorp’s shipments of building supplies last week were specially ordered.
B. None of Comcorp’s shipments sent on Friday of last week was sent to Truax Construction.
C. None of the shipments sent by Comcorp to Truax Construction last week was specially ordered.
D. None of Comcorp’s shipments sent on Thursday of last week was sent to Truax Construction.
E. All of Comcorp’s shipments of building supplies last week were sent out on Thursday.
77. (30553-!-item-!-188;#058&005527)
Citizens of Parktown are worried by the increased frequency of serious crimes committed by local teenagers. In response, the city government has instituted a series of measures designed to keep teenagers at home in the late evening. Even if the measures succeed in keeping teenagers at home, however, they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns citizens, since most crimes committed by local teenagers take place between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.
Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the argument?
A. Similar measures adopted in other places have failed to reduce the number of teenagers on the streets in the late evening.
B. The crimes committed by teenagers in the afternoon are mostly small thefts and inconsequential vandalism.
C. Teenagers are much less likely to commit serious crimes when they are at home than when they are not at home.
D. Any decrease in the need for police patrols in the late evening would not mean that there could be more intensive patrolling in the afternoon.
E. The schools in Parktown have introduced a number of after-school programs that will be available to teenagers until 6 p.m. on weekday afternoons.
BC why not C
来个语法题目：
168. (29192-!-item-!-188;#058&003526) (GWD-18-Q18)
The first shots of the American Revolution, fired at
A. shots, which were sent by swift messenger, took four days in reaching
B. shots that was sent by swift messenger took four days in order to reach
C. shots that were sent by swift messenger took four days to reach
D. shots took four days by swift messenger in order to reach
E. shots took four days by swift messenger to reach
其实就是CE之间选择了，C最然用定语从句会有歧义，但是E感觉翻译不顺畅呢
第一题
由 depression among those who had taken up smoking →smoking contributes to depression
这里
有个推导过程有个weakness就是depression and somking 这两个现象是同时存在 我们并不能definitely说是谁导致了谁
要是题设版本的结论strength 就要在添加条件说明不是本身存在depression导致了smoking
纵观选项 A
第二题
A 和题设aganist 只可得出all of the five specially ordered shipments consisted entirely of building supplies 但不能反过来说
B 题设明确说no shipments of building supplies were sent out on Friday
C all of the specially ordered shipments consisted entirely of building supplies
none of the shipments sent by Comcorp to Truax Construction consisted of building supplies.
所以其不包含在specially ordered shipment 里面
D 题设只说那5个specially ordered shipment里面没有C的shipment 并没有提及Thursday还发了什么别的东西没用 不能一棍子打死
E 题设只是说Friday没有发货 介绍了thursday 并未提及其他时间
第三题
关键注意the problem that concerns citizens is serious crimes
题设most crimes committed by local teenagers take place between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.→keep teenagers at home in the late evening 不能达到减少serious crimes的目的
这里有个assumption是 发生 在 下午3点到6点的most crimes =serious crimes
因此如果哪个选项指出这个assumption是不成立的 就可以weaken到题设结论
因此B
对于C 如果大多数serious crimes 都发生在不keep home的下午 这个measure再怎么降低犯罪率也只是减少了serious crimes的一小部分 大部分都在下午照样发生
因而还是不能有效解决问题
谢谢啦。
在来个
Q18. p2-cr 28. (30615-!-item-!-188;#058&005660)
Hutonian Government Official: Federal law requires truck drivers to take a long break after driving for ten hours, but truck drivers frequently do not comply. Since the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.
Hutonian Business Representative: But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.
Which of the following, if true about Hutonia, would provide a reason for persisting with the government official's plan despite the objection?
(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.
(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.
(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.
(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.
(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.
1.despite the objection什么意思？
2.private parking lots near 和题目的our business一样吗？
我来一个语法题目 两位mm讨论一下
7. (24727-!-item-!-188;#058&001574)
So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are having a positive effect on the environment and natural resource base of countries as varied as
(A) as varied as
(B) as varied as are
(C) as varied as those of
(D) that are as varied as
(E) that are varied as are
assumption的题目 对于assumption 总是有点摸不着头脑，还请两位mm指点一下迷津：
66.
(35089-!-item-!-188;#058&007596)
Bank depositors in the
The economist's argument makes which of the following assumptions?
(A) Bank failures are caused when big borrowers default on loan repayments.
(B) A significant proportion of depositors maintain accounts at several different banks.
(C) The more a depositor has to deposit, the more careful he or she tends to be in selecting a bank.
(D) The difference in the interest rates paid to depositors by different banks is not a significant factor in bank failures.
(E) Potential depositors are able to determine which banks are secure against failure.
另外一道很弱的题目，但是想不明白什么是gap？
62.
(34897-!-item-!-188;#058&007589)
The interview is an essential part of a successful hiring program because, with it, job applicants who have personalities that are unsuited to the requirements of the job will be eliminated from consideration.
The argument above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) A hiring program will be successful if it includes interviews.
(B) The interview is a more important part of a successful hiring program than is the development of a job description.
(C) Interviewers can accurately identify applicants whose personalities are unsuited to the requirements of the job.
(D) The only purpose of an interview is to evaluate whether job applicants' personalities are suited to the requirements of the job.
(E) The fit of job applicants' personalities to the requirements of the job was once the most important factor in making hiring decisions.
E
Excavations of the Roman city of
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Press Secretary: Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties. They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts. But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors. So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8: GWD-23-Q40
Political advocacy groups have begun to use information services to disseminate information that is then accessed by the public via personal computer. Since many groups are thus able to bypass traditional news sources, whose reporting is selective, and to present their political views directly to the public, information services present a more balanced picture of the complexities of political issues than any traditional news source presents.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument above depends?
A. Information services are accessible to enough people to ensure that political advocacy groups can use these services to reach as large a percentage of the public as they could through traditional news sources.
B. People could get a thorough understanding of a particular political issue by sorting through information provided by several traditional news sources, each with differing editorial biases.
C. Information on political issues disseminated through information services does not come almost entirely from advocacy groups that share a single bias.
D. Traditional news sources seldom report the views of political advocacy groups accurately.
E. Most people who get information on political issues from newspapers and other traditional news sources can readily identify the editorial biases of those sources.
8. (24773-!-item-!-188;#058&001691)
Ozone, a special form of oxygen that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays, reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.
(A) has long appeared that it was immune from
(B) has long appeared to have been immune from
(C) has long appeared as being immune to
(D) had long appeared immune to
(E) had long appeared that it was immune to
天啊
chenchanchan你在干嘛啊
这是lz的楼啊
没有关系啦，哈哈
这个就是changchang就是sisi嘛，也欢迎大家加入
哎，偶现在数学奇差，看来还是要把PREP的数学也都做一遍啊
9. (24819-!-item-!-188;#058&001693)
The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk as one in a million chances to cause cancer.
(A) as little risk as one in a million chances to cause
(B) as little risk as one chance in a million of causing
(C) as little risk as one chance in a million that it will cause
(D) a risk as little as one chance in a million for causing
(E) a risk as little as one chance in a million for it to cause
我最近更加的晕菜，语法 做prep2狂错~~~ 居然正确率只有5层了。。。。。
我来一个语法题目 两位mm讨论一下
7. (24727-!-item-!-188;#058&001574)
So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are having a positive effect on the environment and natural resource base of countries as varied as
(A) as varied as
(B) as varied as are
(C) as varied as those of
(D) that are as varied as
(E) that are varied as are
这个题目与语法手册上有的，就是把比较的对象搞清楚就好
考点：习惯用语
1) 习惯用语-A as varied as B，A和B要平行，B用来解释、举例A。
(A) 正确，varied是过去分词作后置定语修饰countries。
(B) are多余，会有和taxes比较的歧义。
(C) those指代不清楚。
(D) that are多余
(E) 结构混乱
10.2日 JJ中的一些
6. 如果s，t 不等于0，s-1/s< 1/t-t, is S<t?
(1) S>1
(2) T>0
41. 直线aX+bY+c=0与X轴相交吗？
A.a≠0
B.ab＞0
41. x-y大于零？
1. 2x-y大于0
2. y小于0
选c确定
10.3日
Q40. p1-cr 12. (25359-!-item-!-188;#058&001894)
Finding of a survey of Systems magazine subscribers: Thirty percent of all merchandise orders placed by subscribers in response to advertisements in the magazine last year were placed by subscribers under age thirty-five.
Finding of a survey of advertisers in Systems magazine: Most of the merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by people under age thirty-five.
For both of the findings to be accurate, which of the following must be true?
(A) More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine are age thirty-five or over than are under age thirty-five.
(B) Among subscribers to Systems, the proportion who are under age thirty-five was considerably lower last year than it is now.
(C) Most merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by Systems subscribers over age thirty-five.
(D) Last year, the average dollar amount of merchandise orders placed was less for subscribers under age thirty-five than for those age thirty-five or over.
(E) Last year many people who placed orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems were not subscribers to the magazine.
Q40. p1-cr 12. (25359-!-item-!-188;#058&001894)
Finding of a survey of Systems magazine subscribers: Thirty percent of all merchandise orders placed by subscribers in response to advertisements in the magazine last year were placed by subscribers under age thirty-five.
Finding of a survey of advertisers in Systems magazine: Most of the merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by people under age thirty-five.
For both of the findings to be accurate, which of the following must be true?
(A) More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine are age thirty-five or over than are under age thirty-five.
(B) Among subscribers to Systems, the proportion who are under age thirty-five was considerably lower last year than it is now.
(C) Most merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by Systems subscribers over age thirty-five.
(D) Last year, the average dollar amount of merchandise orders placed was less for subscribers under age thirty-five than for those age thirty-five or over.
(E) Last year many people who placed orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems were not subscribers to the magazine.
Q40. p1-cr 12. (25359-!-item-!-188;#058&001894)
Finding of a survey of Systems magazine subscribers: Thirty percent of all merchandise orders placed by subscribers in response to advertisements in the magazine last year were placed by subscribers under age thirty-five.
Finding of a survey of advertisers in Systems magazine: Most of the merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by people under age thirty-five.
For both of the findings to be accurate, which of the following must be true?
(A) More subscribers to Systems who have never ordered merchandise in response to advertisements in the magazine are age thirty-five or over than are under age thirty-five.
(B) Among subscribers to Systems, the proportion who are under age thirty-five was considerably lower last year than it is now.
(C) Most merchandise orders placed in response to advertisements in Systems last year were placed by Systems subscribers over age thirty-five.
(D) Last year, the average dollar amount of merchandise orders placed was less for subscribers under age thirty-five than for those age thirty-five or over.
(E) Last year many people who placed orders for merchandise in response to advertisements in Systems were not subscribers to the magazine.
10月3号
47. (27004-!-item-!-188;#058&003398)
Those skeptical of the extent of global warming argue that short-term temperature data are an inadequate means of predicting long-term trends and point out that the scientific community remains divided on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.
(A) on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does
(B) on whether warming that occurs will be significant and the impact it would have
(C) as to whether significant warming will occur or the impact it would have if it did
(D) over whether there will be significant warming or the impact it will have
(E) over whether significant warming will occur and what impact it would have
18. (26912-!-item-!-188;#058&003382)
The Calex Telecommunications Company is planning to introduce cellular telephone service into isolated coastal areas of Caladia, a move which will require considerable investment. However, the only significant economic activity in these areas is small-scale coffee farming, and none of the coffee farmers make enough money to afford the monthly service fees that Calex would have to charge to make a profit. Nevertheless, Calex contends that making the service available to these farmers will be profitable.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for Calex's contention?
(A) Currently, Caladian coffee farmers are forced to sell their coffee to local buyers at whatever price those buyers choose to pay because the farmers are unable to remain in contact with outside buyers who generally offer higher prices.
(B) In the coastal areas of Caladia where Calex proposes to introduce cellular telephone service, there is currently no fixed-line telephone service because fixed-line companies do not believe that they could recoup their investment.
(C) A cellular telephone company can break even with a considerably smaller number of subscribers than a fixed-line company can, even in areas such as the Caladian coast, where there is no difficult terrain to drive up the costs of installing fixed lines.
(D) Calex bases its monthly fees for cellular telephone service in a given region partly on the cost of installing the necessary equipment to provide the service there.
(E) Calex has for years made a profit on cellular telephone service in Caladia's capital city, which is not far from the coastal region.
23. (28303-!-item-!-188;#058&003943)
A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the maximum possible price for such a product. But large profits on the new product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the new product's capabilities. Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
(A) The first is a consideration that has been raised to argue that a certain strategy is counterproductive; the second presents that strategy.
(B) The first is a consideration raised to support the strategy that the argument recommends; the second presents that strategy.
(C) The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second presents that strategy.
(D) The first is an assumption, rejected by the argument, that has been used to justify a course of action; the second presents that course of action.
(E) The first is a consideration that has been used to justify pursuing a goal that the argument rejects; the second presents a course of action that has been adopted in pursuit of that goal.
91. (29317-!-item-!-188;#058&004234)
The spectacular disintegration of a comet last year in full view of ground- and space-based telescopes provided new insights into how comets form and may thus force a rethinking of the role of comets in the delivery of organic compounds to the evolving Earth.
(A) The spectacular disintegration of a comet last year in full view of ground- and space-based telescopes provided new insights into how comets form and may thus force
(B) The spectacular disintegration of a comet last year in full view of ground- as well as space-based telescopes, provided new insights into how comets form and thus possibly forcing
(C) When a comet's spectacular disintegration occurred in full view of ground- and space-based telescopes last year, it provided new insights into how comets form and thus may possibly force
(D) Last year, in full view of ground- and space-based telescopes, a comet's spectacular disintegration provided new insights into how comets form and thus possibly forcing
(E) Last year, in full view of ground- as well as space-based telescopes, the spectacular disintegration of a comet has provided new insights into how comets form and may thus force
Yeasts capable of leavening bread are widespread, and in the many centuries during which the ancient Egyptians made only unleavened bread, such yeasts must frequently have been mixed into bread doughs accidentally. The Egyptians, however, did not discover leavened bread until about 3000 B. C. That discovery roughly coincided with the introduction of a wheat variety that was preferable to previous varieties because its edible kernel could be removed from the husk without first toasting the grain.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest evidence that the two developments were causally related?
A. Even after the ancient Egyptians discovered leavened bread and the techniques
for reliably producing it were well known, unleavened bread continued to be
widely consumed.
B. Only when the Egyptians stopped the practice grain were their stone-
lined grain-toasting pits available for baking bread.
C. Heating a wheat kernel destroys its gluten, a protein that must be present in order
for yeast to leaven bread dough.
D. The new variety of wheat, which had a more delicate flavor because it was not
toasted, was reserved for the consumption of high officials when it first began
to be grown.
E. Because the husk of the new variety of wheat was more easily removed, flour
Made from it required less effort to produce.
45. (33087-!-item-!-188;#058&007558)
The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year. But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?
(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.
(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.
(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.
(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.
(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.
我选D 不知道对不对
根据题设
发生前后顺序是 government's huge budget deficit→ a prediction→ The recent decline in the value of the dollar
因此要weaken
就找出一个选项是把这逻辑发展顺序破坏的就可以
D很好地反驳了But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit
同意，
原文是说，如果不是因为有巨大的财政赤字，对未来经济增长放缓的预测也不会如此影响美元的币值
D应该算是断桥法吧
几道语法：
222.
(31727-!-item-!-188;#058&006584) (GWD-12-Q14)
In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the
A. the numbers of trucks alone
B. that number of trucks alone
C. the number of trucks by themselves
D. as many trucks themselves
E. as many trucks by themselves
A为什么错？
200.
(25938-!-item-!-188;#058&001621) (GWD-6-Q8)
Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.
A. Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are
B. Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are
C. Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are
D. Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be
E. Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is
D为什么不行呢，题目不是 有for the foreseeable future吗
187.
(32525-!-item-!-188;#058&007080) (GWD-1-Q32)
To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
A. have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
B. have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
C. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
D. would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
E. would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
为什么不能省略，选E
185.
(26406-!-item-!-188;#058&001926) (GWD-8-Q41)
When drive-ins were at the height of their popularity in the late 1950s, some 4,000 existed in the United States, but today there are less than one-quarter that many
A. there are less than one-quarter that many
B. there are fewer than one-quarter as many
C. there are fewer than one-quarter of that amount
D. the number is less than one-quarter the amount
E. it is less than one-quarter of that amount
这是不是个大省略，一个there be没有写出来
一个逻辑的
Q5. p1-cr 45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips. In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.
来个数学的
2.A school administrator will assign each student in a group of n students to one of m classrooms. If 3 < m < 13 < n, is it possible to assign each of the n students to one of the m classrooms so that each classroom has the same number of students assigned to it?
(1) It is possible to assign each of 3n students to one of m classrooms so that each classroom has the same number of students assigned to it.
(2) It is possible to assign each of 13n students to one of m classrooms so that each classroom has the same number of students assigned to it
语法争议题 几道 晕菜
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
15. GWD31-Q15
Reptiles, by drawing their body heat directly from the Sun rather than burning calories to generate it, can survive on ten percent of the nourishment that a mammal of similar size would normally require
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD7-Q40:
Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economy’s continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.
174.
(28920-!-item-!-188;#058&003515)
Often major economic shifts are so gradual as to be indistinguishable at first from ordinary fluctuations in the financial markets.
A. so gradual as to be indistinguishable
B. so gradual so that they can be indistinguishable
C. so gradual that they are unable to be distinguished
D. gradual enough not to be distinguishable
E. gradual enough so that one cannot distinguish them
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