OG12-1 GMAT中经常考的知识点-ing修饰头疼 - ChaseDream

The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia, were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook,
by whom they were named supposedly because its sheer wet rocks glistered like glass.

C. Naming them supposedly since their
D. Who so named them supposedly because their

答案：　D

OG解释：as the object of a preposition and not the subject of the clause, James Cook does not work as the noun that the verbal phase beginning with naming can describe.

白勇语法中说，主语＋谓语＋宾语（或介宾），＋ｉｎｇ，　ｉｎｇ可修饰主语，也可修饰句尾的宾语或介词的宾语　　　为什么这里不能修饰修饰 James Cook。

1. Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

(A) Reared apart from each other, a recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

(B) Reared apart from each other, striking similarities between identical twins that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior were shown in a recent United States study.

(C) A recent United States study showed striking similarities in identical twins reared apart from each other that include many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

(D) According to a recent United States study, identical twins reared apart from each other showed striking similarities, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.（D）

(E) According to a recent United States study, identical twins showed striking similarities reared apart from each other, including many idiosyncrasies of behavior.

此题答案为D, 如果按照og12的说法， including 应该修饰的是identical twins，但是这里修饰的是similarities ，也就是ing可以修饰其近前的名词。

主语＋谓语＋宾语（或介宾），＋ｉｎｇ，这个ing到底是个怎么修饰法？

放在一个完整句子逗号后的分词的修饰，我经常不清楚其修饰对象，因为他既能做状语（修饰句子主语）,又能做定语（修饰其近前的名词），这就是我为什么分不清的原因