| 引起比较的结构 | a. like/unlike：be like/be unlike/do like对，do unlike错。Like/unlike+句子或介词短语错。 b.as后接句子及其省略形式（省略不引起歧义的主语） c.as…as d.比较级+than e. compare to/with f. the more, the more的结构 |
| like | like可以做插入语进行比较，如：It is possible that, like the Volkswagen, whose unchanging exterior over decades concealed many changes in its internal machinery, many prehistoric microbes evolved without significant modification of their sheaths. |
| 比较的原则 | a.数的一致 b.概念对等（常考人名与所有格等逻辑意思上不可比的两个概念） c.比较时必须将自己排除在外：any+n改为any other+n d. than 后面尽量补足助动词（因为介词也可省略,若不补足助动词，或引起歧义） e. 状语与非状语不具可比性。 |
| 倍数 | 倍数表达法twice as many as/twice the n/twice what/sth double（出现即正确）/sth be doubled（被动不好）.注意变种:4 times as adj(adv) as; 4 times what it is 前面可以加more than，表示多于几倍。 |
| 至少 | A至少等于B的表达：at least as great as或者as great as or greater than |
| 主从句时态 | 比较从句与主句时态一致,即两比较对象的动作发生的时间相同或同一事物的不同动作发生的时间相同。例如:I eat more than he does. Contrary to the general impression, this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. 比较从句与主句时态不一致,即两比较对象的动作时相同的,但其发生的时间却不一致,或同一事物的相同动作发生的时间不同,than或as从句中补出的助动词的时态由时间状语和句子意思决定。如I eat more food than he did last year. |
| 常用法 | 1)more because... than because...更多地因为...,而不是因为... 2)not... so much A as B 与其说A倒不如说B 3)B no less...than A,B与A一样... ;no less than多达,正如 4)B no more...than A,B与A同样不...;no more than 最多,不超过 5)在“verb + more/less of + n.”结构中,more/less of修饰前面的动词。例如:I will see less of you in the future. |
| as, like | like + n.表比较,强调同一类事物在某方面具有相似性;as + 句子表比较,as从句强调动作的相似性 |
| 比较＋数量词 | as old as结构前面不能加数量词。如果加了数量词,as old as必须改为older than,例A is as old as B, A is 5 years older than B |
| so… as | so...as...用在同级比较的否定句中;not so...as… |
| than normal | The temperature is greater than is normal. 因为normal有两个词性,所以需要补助动词。只有一个词性则无歧义。 |
| the more… the more | the more...the more...(the 比较级, the 比较级)结构其实是一个从句+主句的结构: 1. 第一个the more...相当于一个原因状语从句, 是从省略了表示原因的连词as等进化而来的(也可理解成是省略了if的条件状语从句); 第二个the more...引导的是主句. eg.As a mammal's skin is thicker(从句), it has less hair(主句). 转换为: The thicker a mammal's skin is(从句), , the less hair it has(主句). 2.两个the都是副词(而非冠词), 表示程度并修饰后面的形容词比较级. (前后两个the的意思在 韦氏字典解为: the: adv. 2 a : to what extent b : to that extent ) the more...the more...结构的三个原则(参自[托福语法填空要点]) 1. the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或所有格. 如本题的the more the children..., the greater their ... 2. 后面的谓语如果是be动词的话, 可以省略, 这一点对于前后两个都适用. (特别当主谓语时it is时, 常同时省略.) eg.What size box do you want?---The bigger, the better. 就是的The bigger it is, the better it is的省略结构. 上面的252题the greater...引出的主句显然省略了Be动词is, 表语是greater, 提到句首加副词the表示程度, 构成并列的 3. 第二个the more后面可以使用倒装, 而第一个后面却不行. |
| 难题 | 164. Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel. (A) less of certain pollutants than the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel (B) fewer of certain pollutants than burning gasoline or diesel fuel do (C) less of certain pollutants than gasoline or diesel fuel (D) fewer of certain pollutants than does burning gasoline or diesel fuel (E) less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel 恢复此句正确形式：Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than those burning gasoline or diesel fuel。 此句属于省略。还原后：Because natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a simple hydrocarbon, vehicles powered by natural gas emit less of certain pollutants than do those（指vehicles）(powered by) burning gasoline or diesel fuel。 |
| 难题 | 170. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago. (A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago (D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago ANSWER C making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago 是伴随状语 结构是 a large rise makes the economic health more robust than it was five years ago. more rebust 是宾补， 加上 it was 更明确表明比较对象是 economic health 而不是 a rise |
| 主谓宾+than比较 | 主语比较： A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比） 介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词） 宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词） 状语比较A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语） |
| 主谓+than比较 | 只可能有主语比较 |
| as比较 | as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等形式，但ETS宗旨不变。一看as的比较，就要分析是比主语、比宾语还是介宾比较。 Sand road costs twice as many to build as to manintain(类似于介宾比较） Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较,） Sand road costs the govement twice as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较） Patience Lovell Wright, whose traveling waxworks exhibit preceded Madame Tussaud's work by 30 years, became as well known for her eccentric personality as for her skillful wax renderings of popular public figures.（介宾） |
| 比较主语,主语相同 | 主语相同且有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代 |
| 比较主语,than前有宾语 | than前若有宾语，则其后的助词需补出，时态要据后定。主语相同可省 1. The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by a larger percentage than did the wages of other salaried workers. 2. As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than did in the 1960’s and 1970’s, a twenty-year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers. (主语people相同且无定语成分则省之，但did不能省) 3. Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively are at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack.（主语相同且有定语成分，必须要that/those来指代） |
| 比较主语,than前只有BE + ADJ | than前只有BE + ADJ，则其后的主语无须补助词。 1. Even though Bela Bartok’s music has proved less popular than Igor Stravinsky’s and less influential than Arnold Schonberg’s, it is no less important. 2. In 1982 the median income for married-couple families with a wage-earning wife was $9,000 more than that for families in which only the husband was employed. |
| 比较宾语 | 宾语比较，一般加that/those 1. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet. |
| 比较介宾 | 介宾比较,需要有介词. 1. Aging is a property of all animals that reach a fixed size at maturity, and the variations in life spans among different species are far greater than those among individuals of the same species: a fruit fly is ancient at 40 days, a mouse at 3 years, a horse at 30, a man at 100, and some tortoises at 150. 介宾的比较。 2. The investor who is uncertain about the future is more likely to put money into blue-chip stocks or treasury bills than into gold. 3. Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buildings.（倒装句） 4. The human growth hormone, made by the pituitary gland, is secreted in higher concentrations during sleep than during waking hours. |
| 比较成分做宾语补语 | 宾语补语，比较结构修饰宾语，无须补出助词； 1. In his eagerness to find a city worthy of Priam, the German archaeologist Schliemann cut through Troy and uncovered a civilization a thousand years more ancient than the city known to Homer’s heroes. 2. .Domestic automobile manufacturers have invested millions of dollars in research to develop cars even more gasoline-efficient than those at present on the road. 3. The man was always aware, sometimes proudly and sometimes resentfully, that he was a small-town Midwesterner thrust into a world dominated by wealthier, better-educated, and more polished people than he. 4. Bihar is India’s state, with an annual percapita income of $111 lower than that of the most impoverished countries of the world. 5. Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone, many of them in such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, making the state’s economy far more diversified than it was ten years ago. （需要解释） |
| likely | xx likely to do than to do 1. St. John’s , Newfoundland, lies on the same latitude as Paris, France, but in spring St. John’s residents are less likely to be sitting at outdoor cafes than to be bracing themselves against arctic chills, shoveling snow, or seeking shelter from a raging northeast storm. 2. According to a recent study, the elderly in the United States are four times more likely to give regular finacial aid to their children than to receive it from them. |
| 增加介词 | 宾语+介词混合结构： 1. Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than for any previous campaign, it had provisions for only twenty-four days. 2. Once positioned in space, the Hubble Space Telescope will capture light from source twenty times fainter than those that can be detected by ground-based instruments. |
| 句子的比较 | 1. In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries. 2. For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than they originally seemed. 3. Holland spends a larger percentage of its gross national product on defending its coasts from rising seas than the United States does on military defense.句子比较 4. Two new studies indicate that many people become obese more because their bodies burn calories too slowly than because they eat too much. 5. Dr. Hakuta’s research among Hispanic children in the United States indicates that the more the children use both Spanish and English, the greater their intellectual advantage in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic. (B-p106-7) |
| less, fewer | less有副词属性，fewer只有形容词属性 |
| 难句 | To meet the rapidly rising market demand for fish and seafood, suppliers are growing fish twice as fast as they grow naturally, cutting their feed allotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets. 比较suppliers grow fish和鱼自然的生长速度 |
| 比较对象的指代 | 比较对象不能用it或者they，要用that或者those，也可以用其他如the case。 |
谢谢LS的总结！
我觉得关键是分清比较的对象 不补出成分有没有歧义 这两点判断比较重要
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