ChaseDream
标题: HBS CLASS 2011 TAKING QUESTIONS! [打印本页]
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-7 14:25
标题: HBS CLASS 2011 TAKING QUESTIONS!
Dear fellow CDers,
We are HBS admits this year, class of 2011. We have benefited tremendously from CD and we are now here to relay the torch to help you pursue your dream!
We will, on the one hand, update you with the most recent information, and on the other hand, try our best to provide uncodified tips and sweep off your confusions regarding application to HBS in a timely way.
Please bear in mind that we do NOT work at admissions. We were all applicants earlier this year and have just gone through the entire application process. Our replies are not OFFICIAL statements, but PERSONAL opinions. Take everything you hear with a grain of salt and use your BEST JUDGEMENT.
Wish you all best of luck!!!
HBS Class of 2011 CDers
Note: This is a shared account. Replies from this ID may vary in style and content.
Application related information
Miscellaneous HBS Information
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-7 14:28
The following are the deadlines for the MBA Class of 2012 entering in the fall of 2010:
Application Periods: | Application submitted online by 5 p.m. EST: | Notification of the MBA Admissions Board's decision: |
Round 1 | October 1, 2009 | December 15, 2009 |
Round 2 | January 19, 2010 | April 6, 2010 |
Round 3 | April 8, 2010 | May 13, 2010 |
Applications received after 5 p.m. on October 1, 2009 will be considered in Round 2. Applications received after 5 p.m. on January 19, 2010 will be considered in Round 3. Applications received after 5 p.m. on April 8, 2010 will not be considered.
Application Components
The application for the MBA Class of 2012 consists of the following:
- Responses to the four application essay questions (see below)
- Current resume
- Three recommendations (must be submitted online)
- Self-reported transcripts from all undergraduate and graduate academic institutions attended (full- or part-time)
- GMAT or GRE scores from a test taken January 1, 2005 or later (and TOEFL IBT or IELTS score, if applicable, from a test taken January 1, 2008 or later)
- Signed HBS Community Values statement
- Signed Statement of Application Integrity
- Nonrefundable U.S. $250 application fee (credit card only)
- Interview (by invitation only)
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-7 14:33
Essays for the Class of 2012
Essays:
- What are your three most substantial accomplishments and why do you view them as such? (600-word limit)
- What have you learned from a mistake? (400-word limit)
- Please respond to two of the following (400-word limit each):
- What would you like the MBA Admissions Board to know about your undergraduate academic experience?
- Discuss how you have engaged with a community or organization.
- Tell us about a time when you made a difficult decision.
- Write a cover letter to your application introducing yourself to the Admissions Board.
- What is your career vision and why is this choice meaningful to you?
Joint degree applicants:Joint program applicants for the Harvard
Medical
School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard
Law
School, and Harvard
Kennedy
School must provide an additional essay:
- How do you expect the joint degree experience to benefit you on both a professional and a personal level? (400-word limit)
Recommender Questions for the Class of 2012
Recommendations must be completed online. The form includes the following three essay response questions, along with other types of questions.
- Please comment on the context of your interaction with the applicant. How long have you known the applicant and in what connection? If applicable, briefly describe the applicant's role in your organization. (250-word limit)
- Please describe the most important piece of constructive feedback you have given the applicant. Please detail the circumstances and the applicant's response. (250-word limit)
- Please make additional statements about the applicant's performance, potential, or personal qualities you believe would be helpful to the MBA Admissions Board. (250-word limit)
作者: withmoon 时间: 2009-7-7 14:37
这个必须顶！附带Question一个啊：
HBS的学生的chemistry来讲会不会很ego,of course in good way，因为感觉HBS的style和MCK的style很合。
作者: crispypeach 时间: 2009-7-7 14:38
2 questions
Harvard's first essay only gives candidates 600 word to explain 3 achievements. What's the tip to make the story informative, consistent but also concise?
Could you provide the CV template of HBS?
Thanks!
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-7 23:45
以下是引用withmoon在2009-7-7 14:37:00的发言：这个必须顶！
附带Question一个啊：
HBS的学生的chemistry来讲会不会很ego,of course in good way，因为感觉HBS的style和MCK的style很合。
其实每个admitted student都会有不同的背景，性格，和目标。从我们这届我见过面、聊过的人也体现了这一点。当然，有一点我个人认为确实是大部分admitted students所共有的：那就是比较confident，不能说是很ego，但是应该是能自我发现，也能通过essays和interview很好的present自己优势的。
至于说和那一类公司的style很合拍，我觉得这个就很难说了，HBS往年globally确实从MCK招了不少人，但是MCK去的人也不都一个摸子里刻出来的吧，没有特定style一说。还是要争取把自己的亮点和优势通过种种方式从你的application package里体现出来，不管你是从事什么行业，在哪个公司工作。
希望上述回答对你有一定的帮助。如果还有follow-up question我不能答的，相信其他admitted students也能帮着回答。
作者: withmoon 时间: 2009-7-7 23:55
以下是引用HBSClass2011在2009-7-7 23:45:00的发言：其实每个admitted student都会有不同的背景，性格，和目标。从我们这届我见过面、聊过的人也体现了这一点。当然，有一点我个人认为确实是大部分admitted students所共有的：那就是比较confident，不能说是很ego，但是应该是能自我发现，也能通过essays和interview很好的present自己优势的。
至于说和那一类公司的style很合拍，我觉得这个就很难说了，HBS往年globally确实从MCK招了不少人，但是MCK去的人也不都一个摸子里刻出来的吧，没有特定style一说。还是要争取把自己的亮点和优势通过种种方式从你的application package里体现出来，不管你是从事什么行业，在哪个公司工作。
希望上述回答对你有一定的帮助。如果还有follow-up question我不能答的，相信其他admitted students也能帮着回答。
感谢！很真诚的回答
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-8 00:05
以下是引用crispypeach在2009-7-7 14:38:00的发言：2 questions
Harvard's first essay only gives candidates 600 word to explain 3 achievements. What's the tip to make the story informative, consistent but also concise?
Could you provide the CV template of HBS?
Thanks!
A1：
- 如果还没看过的话，推荐一本《65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays》，当当网之类的肯定有买。我当初看了还是蛮受益的，至少知道怎样才算比较好的3 achievements essays
- 每个人写这篇文章的方法可能都不太一样，我当时是先确定三个素材（不要都是工作或都是学校里的，尽量平衡）；然后不管字数把每个故事都写完整写好；最后才将这三个故事压缩（我最初稿可能有1000字），这一个步骤可能需要周围的reviewers帮忙，毕竟缩减自己写出来的文章很难。个人感觉前两步最重要，砍字数是个体力活，应该不会是瓶颈。
- 最后关于每个小故事的结构提一下自己的看法/写法（again，每个人会不同），我都用了小三段论，第一部分context/situation/complication（~20-30%篇幅），第二部分what you did (~50-60%篇幅），第三部分result/imapct/learnings (10-20%篇幅，punchy!!) 。当然也不一定要分三段，比如后两部分就可以合一段
A2：
我也不知道HBS CV template是什么样的。感觉大部分人都是用自己以前CV template稍作改动提交得。如果要给整个package中各个element的重要性给权重的话，我觉得CV会是少于5％。个人感觉还是内容重要，在这个上面追求形式没太大意义。
[此贴子已经被作者于2009-7-8 0:07:01编辑过]
作者: zhanghongzxl 时间: 2009-7-8 09:13
这是我的履历背景，请问我这样的背景申请你们学校有希望吗？？非常感谢！！
GMAT 750
TOEFL 105
2001-2005—— 上海财大本科毕业,金融专业 GPA：3.5左右
2005-2007 —— 在一家大型制造生产业公司从金融助理跳到金融主管，主管银行融资这一块儿。因为自己年纪还小，所以跟公司申请想继续深造，考读研究生，公司给与充分支持，并强烈邀请毕业后重返公司。
2007年9月—— 考入贵州大学入读金融系研究生（我的家乡和公司厂房都在贵州）
在校读书一年至2008年7月——重返这家公司，边工作边写论文。感谢公司非常支持，现在的工作岗位提升到经理级别。年薪20w-30w。现在论文完成的差不多了，并且还是不能满足现学到的东西，想要去美国商学院入读MBA。
加起来到2010年。工作经历为4年。
请问，这样子断断续续的工作经历，对申请会不利吗？？学校接受吗？？
作者: sspp0828 时间: 2009-7-8 14:16
赞！顶！
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-8 20:05
以下是引用zhanghongzxl在2009-7-8 9:13:00的发言：这是我的履历背景，请问我这样的背景申请你们学校有希望吗？？非常感谢！！
GMAT 750
TOEFL 105
2001-2005—— 上海财大本科毕业,金融专业 GPA：3.5左右
2005-2007 —— 在一家大型制造生产业公司从金融助理跳到金融主管，主管银行融资这一块儿。因为自己年纪还小，所以跟公司申请想继续深造，考读研究生，公司给与充分支持，并强烈邀请毕业后重返公司。
2007年9月—— 考入贵州大学入读金融系研究生（我的家乡和公司厂房都在贵州）
在校读书一年至2008年7月——重返这家公司，边工作边写论文。感谢公司非常支持，现在的工作岗位提升到经理级别。年薪20w-30w。现在论文完成的差不多了，并且还是不能满足现学到的东西，想要去美国商学院入读MBA。
加起来到2010年。工作经历为4年。
请问，这样子断断续续的工作经历，对申请会不利吗？？学校接受吗？？
如果没记错的话，你已经在其他帖子里也发了相同的问题，其实到处问意义并不大。学校不会排挤任何背景的申请者，但是你必须清楚地让学校知道why MBA is important to you at this moment，根据你提供的背景，我想学校将会非常关心这个问题。你的金融硕士对你过去一年的工作起到了什么作用，哪方面你觉得不够又想在一年后申请MBA，MBA究竟能怎么帮到你？不要担心断续的工作经历会对申请不利，但是你在申请的时候确实要把这些方面说透彻了。
另外，toefl虽然HBS没有强制分数线，但是有一个‘建议分数线’109分，你有时间的话，还是可以再去考一次吧。
作者: newborn2009 时间: 2009-7-9 20:56
GMAT的建议分数线是多少呢？谢拉
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-9 21:36
以下是引用newborn2009在2009-7-9 20:56:00的发言：
GMAT的建议分数线是多少呢？谢拉
GMAT没有明确分数线。每年应该都会有很多700分以下的candidates拿到admission，也会有满分的人没拿到。只要你自己对于成绩满意，就把主要精力放在写essay上吧
[此贴子已经被作者于2009-7-9 21:36:30编辑过]
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-7-16 02:15
作者: djcong 时间: 2009-7-17 10:08
ding
作者: babyland 时间: 2009-7-21 22:04
能否介绍一下今年被录取的中国学生都是来自哪些行业的？一共录取了多少人？
比如咨询多少人，金融多少人，corporate多少人，NGO或政府多少人？
大概在什么年龄段？
谢谢！
[此贴子已经被作者于2009/7/21 22:10:16编辑过]
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-26 05:32
由于现在学校还没有正式注册，所以具体的统计数据还没有出来。但是就目前所了解的，今年录取的中国学生，包括在海外工作的中国大陆和港澳台地区的学生，大概有20-30人左右吧。他们来自各行各业，其中，咨询公司10多人，金融（含投行私募商业银行）至少6人，大概消费品和工业品类公司至少6人，NGO和政府还不清楚。大家基本上应该在25-30岁左右吧。
[此贴子已经被作者于2009/7/26 8:11:10编辑过]
作者: Happy2007 时间: 2009-7-26 08:14
果然HBS青睐consulting的人啊
Boston不愧咨询重镇
作者: sunjie38 时间: 2009-7-26 13:25
不止30人，估计有40人了，咨询的就有一半了。
作者: superbaby01 时间: 2009-7-27 01:26
各位大虾有没有人知道中国学生获得HBS interview后，拿到录取的比率啊? ie.去年拿到HBS interview但是最后没有拿到offer的有多少阿？
谢谢！
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-27 03:05
interview vs. offer 大约是2 vs. 1
作者: superbaby01 时间: 2009-7-27 09:53
2 vs.1 好像是对于整个pool的。对于Chinese student也是这样吗？去年录了那么多，但是没有听说同等数量的人拿到interview却最后没有拿到offer 啊？
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-28 11:33
因为HBS没有单独针对Chinese student发布面试人数和录取人数的数据所以interview vs. offer的比例只能是估计
“听说”的信息在准确性上当然都是要打上一定折扣的 个人不认为这个比例对于中国申请者而言会有太大的出入
作者: crispypeach 时间: 2009-7-30 10:30
Several specific questions, just trying to scheduling the time:
1 I can see that application fee should be paid once we submit application. So how long does it usually take for electronic payment reach B-Schools? Will little delay matter?
2 When do you usually ask testing centers to send iBT and GMAT scores to ensure they can arrive in time. if delay occurred due to system problems, will the application be considered in the next round or AD can forgive several days' postpone?
3 How about transcript. I learned that the school requires us to self-report first. but I wonder whether we still need scanned version during application, and whether we need to mail official ones directly from university upon admission.
Thanks a lot!
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-30 11:55
1 I can see that application fee should be paid once we submit application. So how long does it usually take for electronic payment reach B-Schools? Will little delay matter?
It should be instantaneous and you shouldn't experience any delay in the payment process if your credit card is valid.
2 When do you usually ask testing centers to send iBT and GMAT scores to ensure they can arrive in time. if delay occurred due to system problems, will the application be considered in the next round or AD can forgive several days' postpone?
here comes the answer from FAQ in HBS website (http://www.hbs.edu/mba/faq). I highlighted the part you might be interested.
"What is the latest date test scores will be accepted?
When submitting your application, you must report the unofficial GMAT or GRE score given on the day of the test. This is the only score that the Admissions Board acknowledges. Your official score report may arrive from Pearson (for the GMAT) or ETS (for the GRE) after the deadline dates, and this score will be used for verification purposes. GMAT and GRE scores are valid for five years."
The requirement for iBT is the same: you should at least have the unofficial score to report when you submit your application and the official report can arrive after the application deadline as it's used for verification purposes. Please note that since you need to wait a couple of weeks to get your iBT score after you take the exam so you need to schedule your iBT at least a few weeks before the application deadline.
3 How about transcript. I learned that the school requires us to self-report first. but I wonder whether we still need scanned version during application, and whether we need to mail official ones directly from university upon admission.
again, answer from FAQ:
"How can I submit my transcript?
There are two ways to submit your transcript, either through a self-reporting Excel-based transcript form found within the application or uploading a scanned transcript. Please do not mail a hard copy of your transcript.
You may upload an "unofficial" or student copy of your transcript; however, we will request an official copy for verification purposes should you be admitted to HBS."
[此贴子已经被作者于2009/7/30 12:10:12编辑过]
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-30 12:46
To Crispypeach and all:
When to submit the application is a classic question. HBS won't review the application before the round deadline so you probably don't want to submit your application too soon. But submitting exactly at the deadline day/hour is annoying and risky since a lot of people are doing the same thing so the HBS's server tends to be overloaded and jammed.
HBS Admission Committees are, of course, aware of the last minute traffic problem and have the record of staying a few hours late after 5pm at the deadline day to rescue applicants that couldn't make the 5pm deadline becuase of server delay. But the committees are doing it only because they are nice people and certainly they don't have the obligations keep doing so.
So the good idea is probably to submit the applcation a few days before the deadline and give yourself abundant time and assurance for successful submission.
To keep yourself updated of the application process please follow the admission director's blog
http://www.hbs.edu/mba/admissions/blog.html
Add the webpage to your favorate, or submit to RSS feed following the instruction in the webpage. That's the place you can get the latest update on whether committees will be able to stay a bit late after 5pm again, and many other valuable information such as director's thoughts on Essays/Recommendation letter quetions, official announcement of the time HBS issues interview invitations, etc. You certainly don't want to miss it if you're serious about HBS.
Hope it helps.
[此贴子已经被作者于2009/7/30 12:52:09编辑过]
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-7-30 14:37
回复babyland 发到邮箱的问题 （也请大家以后如果不是非常私人的问题的话，都以帖子的形式发出来，你关心的问题应该有很多朋友都很关心的）
1、请问作为被HBS录取的学生，你们认为HBS最需要什么样的学生？最缺乏什么？也就是最希望看到学生带给HBS什么？ 在申请过程中，是否同HBS的前辈们交流过这个问题或类似的问题？他们的看法如何？
每个人对此都会有不同的理解。我个人认为HBS的admission criteria里面已经概括得很好了：
http://www.hbs.edu/mba/admissions/admissioncriteria.html
也就是三条：a habit of leadership; capacity for intellectual growth; engaged community citizenship.
很多人对于商学院的admission criteria都是一看而过不以为然，认为来来去去说的都是什么leadership, intellectual之类的大路货。实际上仔细研究下你会发现HBS就会把leadership放在第一点来说然而，比如，Stanford会放在第二点，Stanford的第一点是Intellectual vitality. HBS说leadership会说a habit of leadership而Stanford会说demonstrated leadership potential. 这两个商学院的措辞完全不同，在深入看HBS和Stanford对于每条criterion的解释更是风格迥异。对HBS的理解在网上CD上搜一下都很多，很多帖子都说得很透彻，但是真正要对照联系自己的情况，我认为还是少不了亲自去HBS网站上翻个底朝天，毕竟第一手的资料最真实可靠。
2、大致研究了一下HBS的课程，感觉对finance focus的多一些，但是看普遍的评论是HBS比较强调general management，不知道实际的情况如何？是否有机会从HBS的在校生那里得到过一些指点？
HBS第一年的课程是必修，涉及各个方向，为general management的最好体现；第二年的课程是选修，根据个人兴趣很多方向都有很精彩的课。不知道你为什么会感觉对finance会比较侧重？
作者: crispypeach 时间: 2009-8-11 12:57
请教一道Essay： What is your career vision and why is this choice meaningful to you?
这道题目的要求感觉和其他学校的Career goal还是有区别。不知道是不是应该理解成HBS更希望自己的学生的理想是和民生、民族大义等结合在一起的。
比如说我想做Marketing 的Consulting Firm，这个目标也和以往自己的经历比较相关，有逻辑。但是要撤到民族大义上面就比较困难了，即使我真的有比如投资贫困地区基础建设的愿景，可能找不到以往特别的经历Support。
这个时候应该怎么办呢？是放弃比较有逻辑的Career Goal投身于民族事业？还是说只需要把自己的Goal说的逻辑务实一点就好？如果这个Goal比较不那么的民族大义，是不是也可以考虑避开这道题目？Adcom会Care吗？
谢谢！
作者: Xinking 时间: 2009-8-12 02:21
请教一个托福考试的问题. 我在国内读的本科, 在美国读了2个master degrees(一个是在常青藤), 在美国又工作了1.5年. GAMT 730. 我要不要再考托福呐? 怎么理解strongly encouraged?
学校网站是这么说的: Candidates who received a master's or Ph.D. degree from an English-speaking university are strongly encouraged to submit the TOEFL IBT and/or IELTS.
作者: hbs2008 时间: 2009-8-13 23:57
请教一个re-application的问题。
去年申请了HBS但是没有录取，今年打算重新申请。看了HBS网站上面说re-application的流程好像和第一次申请没有区别的。HBS也没有要求说明今年和去年比你最大的improvement在什么地方。不知道我理解对不对？
今年我提交的四片文章和去年内容大致一样，可能替换掉三个最重要的事情中的一个，然后其他的做一些小的修改，但是主要的故事没有大的改变的。去年TOEFL低于109，今年达到了标准，另外GMAT高了一些。这样可以吗？还是Essay也需要有大的改变，比如换一些故事，或者在Optional的essay里面重新选择两篇或一篇？
谢谢！
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-14 11:03
To crispypeach:
我个人认为career vision应该是自然为好，没必要去猜想adcom想听什么而写什么。向你推荐Clear Admit的Essay Analysis:
http://blog.clearadmit.com/2009/05/hbs-essay-topic-analysis-2009-2010/
至于选不选这个题目肯定是应人而异。看看Optional essays中哪几篇最能加强你的package。既然adcom说了是optional那就是optional，我觉得不需要有顾虑。
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-14 11:11
To Xinking:
http://www.hbs.edu/mba/admissions/admissionrequirements.html
Internet-based Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL IBT) or
International English Language Testing System (IELTS) score from a test
taken January 1, 2008 or later, is required for international
applicants who attended a non-English-speaking undergraduate
university;
这应该说是非英语授课本科毕业的都要TOEFL成绩吧。
作者: brass20y 时间: 2009-8-14 11:15
我有个问题
相对于别的学校，hbs似乎对why hbs基本不看重，没有essay直接问！
1. 我的感觉是否正确？hbs is King of bschool，确实选择hbs理所当然
2. 如果正确，是否意味着面试的时候，这个问题也基本不会被纠缠？只需要show自己的优秀就可以？
BTW,我选择了career vision,只在最后一段略写了why hbs(the best GM,reputation, diversity and accelerate swithching process),不到70字
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-14 11:16
To hbs2008:
如果上次的essay内容还是你最strong的package,那你就继续用。如果不是，那你就换成更出色的story。 学校官方网站上说"Reapplicants do not have an advantage or disadvantage in comparison to other applicants".
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-14 11:20
To brass20y:
对，HBS不直接问why HBS。面试当中有些人会问到这个问题，有些人没有问到。自己心里有准备就可以了。
作者: halcyondays 时间: 2009-8-14 12:03
Dear HBSClass2011,
I have a question about the recommender selection.
The immediate boss is obvious one of them. The second one could be your professor, your mentor, or some one who can evaluate you from a vantage point above you. My question is for 3rd recommender selection. If I select my peer, or the co-worker who works most close to me, does it really help my application? I'm drawing a blank here. Would you please comment on this?
Many thanks,
Halcyon
作者: babyland 时间: 2009-8-16 23:27
呵呵，谢谢，非常有帮助！
关于课程的问题，主要是看必修课中Term 1有FinanceI 和 Financial Reporting and Control两门课，Term 2中有Finance II一门课，感觉比重明显比其他必修课要大，所以才有所问。选修课中似乎其他方向的课程比较多？
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-17 10:14
To halcyondays:
我建议你看一看HBS Admission Blog: http://www.hbs.edu/mba/admissions/blog-all.html
2008.6.17. 的blog entry讲的就是怎么选推荐人，建议大家都看一看。
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-17 10:17
To babyland:
Finance本来就是商业中很重要的课程, 在每个学校都会占到不小的比例。Elective curriculum请看http://www.hbs.edu/mba/academics/elective.html。
作者: JackyR 时间: 2009-8-17 20:03
有两个问题：
1. 学校对于re-applicant有什么相对区别的对待么？录取时会不会有相应的考虑？
2. 如果在英语为母语的国家的世界知名公司工作1年以上有没有IBT waive的政策呢？
谢谢！
作者: JackyR 时间: 2009-8-17 20:08
如果觉得问题和之前重复了请自动忽视哈...thanks anyway!
作者: halcyondays 时间: 2009-8-18 12:30
Thanks HBSClass2011 for the blog on how to select recommenders! That's really helpful ...
I have another green question here if you don't mind. Hope I can "throw a brick to attract jade" :+)
The question is about the "Registrar Name" in the application. Sorry, I've left school for a long time. Should I contact my university and find out who can be the person that HBS will collect official Transcript information? Or I just input university name and general phone number?
Thanks again!
作者: flyauto2009 时间: 2009-8-18 15:04
________________
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-19 09:54
To JackyR:
I believe similar questions have already been answered before, pls let me know if they are not clear.
To halcyondays:
I would not worry too much about the registrar information. Filling in school name and phone number should be fine. If you are admitted, HBS will ask for an official transcript from the school.
To flyauto2009:
I am not sure how you are going to submit your IEEE papers as part of the application. In addition, I would try to tell the story of innovation rather than show IEEE papers.
The profile of admitted students at HBS can be found on the school website. Whether HBS prefers young applicants is open to individual's interpretation and I certainly would not claim it as an admission policy.
Leadership can be demonstrated through various aspects of work and life, as long as you can connect the dots and tell a convincing story.
作者: amyatcd 时间: 2009-8-19 11:18
I have read the admission director's blog on Recommendation, but still want to have a try asking here about the strategy --
HBS的要求比较模糊，关于推荐信说Your three recommenders should be people who are able to relate specific and relevant details about your abilities and performance. 但并没如Stanford一样明确2个professional, 1个peer. 我可以找到3个从不同角度评论我的老板,也可以有比较好的peer recommendor. 请教HBS的3封应该怎么分配更好更有利呢？多谢
作者: sunjie38 时间: 2009-8-23 17:53
推荐人只要能够cover你想要表达的points，而且这些推荐内容能够complement你的essay内容就行了
作者: sunjie38 时间: 2009-8-23 17:56
HBS足够有这个自信可以不问why hbs！
以下是引用brass20y在2009/8/14 11:15:00的发言：我有个问题
相对于别的学校，hbs似乎对why hbs基本不看重，没有essay直接问！
1. 我的感觉是否正确？hbs is King of bschool，确实选择hbs理所当然
2. 如果正确，是否意味着面试的时候，这个问题也基本不会被纠缠？只需要show自己的优秀就可以？
BTW,我选择了career vision,只在最后一段略写了why hbs(the best GM,reputation, diversity and accelerate swithching process),不到70字
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-8-24 10:08
To amyatcd,
There is no "magic formula" for recommendation allocation - you need to think about the rest of your application package and how you can use the recommendation letters to round up that package. Good luck!
作者: niubaobao09 时间: 2009-8-26 10:45
问:
如果已经有一个在英语国家的研究生学位, 那么申请HBS MBA还需要TOFLE成绩吗? 谢谢!
作者: sh784533 时间: 2009-8-30 10:48
请问：我看了推荐的clear admit关于essay的分析，第二个问题“2. Discuss how you have engaged with a community or organization.”还有一点小疑问，看分析里面说是可以写工作中的、或者课外的等等，但从题目上分析，是否写工作以外的故事是否是更好的呢？谢谢！
作者: joycelzh 时间: 2009-9-11 07:12
请问没有金融，咨询工作和学习经历，是理科工程师，这样的背景有可能申请吗？是不是会很吃力？谢谢！
作者: hnwda 时间: 2009-9-12 09:55
请问没有全职工作经验的，part-time也跟金融无关的college senior想申请毕业后直接读MBA是不是录取的可能性不大啊？
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-9-16 02:41
以下是引用joycelzh在2009/9/11 7:12:00的发言：请问没有金融，咨询工作和学习经历，是理科工程师，这样的背景有可能申请吗？是不是会很吃力？谢谢！
当然可能申请！在现在的班级中，就有工程师背景的学生。另外，还有更加多元化的人，比如前空军等等。
至于是否吃力，这个就是仁者见仁的问题了。个人认为，讲清楚who you are, 回答好admission的问题是前提。
Good luck!
作者: HBSClass2011 时间: 2009-9-16 02:45
以下是引用hnwda在2009/9/12 9:55:00的发言：
请问没有全职工作经验的，part-time也跟金融无关的college senior想申请毕业后直接读MBA是不是录取的可能性不大啊？
如果你是在校学生的话，学校有2+2 program 可以考虑，大体是在校时申请录取，工作两年后在HBS就读。请参照官网。
plus: MBA是要求工作经验的，如果你能证明你不需要全职工作也足够qualify, 可以试试看。
Anyway, good to plan earlier.
加油！
作者: chmask 时间: 2009-9-16 13:36
工作有几年了，现在感觉到了一些困惑，在重新定位自己。有几个问题请教一下：
1.我04年大学毕业，二类学校，GPA比较低，平均分在73左右，对于GPA，HBS是不是有底线要求？比如3.5以上...我本科学了两个专业，这个是不是会有一点帮助？
2.还是麻烦根据我的背景给一些意见，看是否有机会申请HBS。
本科生物技术、计算机，双专业，毕业后在中科院的一个所里做结合两个专业背景的工作，工作了4年。期间做过了多个科技部、自然科学基金委、教育部等项目，是子课题负责人，又是一些商业项目的项目经理，主要做类似技术咨询和项目管理方面的工作。也有一些国际合作项目。
08年底到500强的某快消，做内部咨询管理，负责亚洲区的供应链计划。
3.打算明年申请2011年的。如果我这种背景也多少有些机会的话，后面我需要重点准备哪些方面呢？
谢谢
作者: halcyondays 时间: 2009-9-21 01:18
Dear HBSClass2011,
Another two questions here for you Many thanks in advance!
1. The online application for 2012 class doesn't ask for the Resume. Is this new? Were you required to upload the resume while applying? Any common mistakes or things we should pay attention to? Please comment.
2. About interview lead-time. How many days we can have for preparation once we get the invitation?
Thanks again,
Halcyon
作者: kittylyx 时间: 2009-9-21 10:12
I found the following article about HBS admission helpful for the applicants. It can be found at http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2009/09/13/scoping_out_future_leaders_for_harvard/
Good luck all!
Deirdre Leopold was named executive director of MBA admissions and financial aid at Harvard Business School in 2006. Leopold, 57, has been a member of the HBS admissions board for more than two decades. After working as a portfolio manager on Wall Street, she earned her master’s of business administration degree from Harvard, where she was copresident of the Women’s Student Association. Leopold spoke recently with Globe business reporter Robert Weisman in her office on the HBS campus in Boston.
How hard is it to get into Harvard Business School?
Well, I think that it is quite difficult in a good way. And I think that is exactly a point of pride for people in terms of being able to be in an institution where the selection is taken so seriously.
What does HBS look for in its candidates?
Our mission is to educate leaders who will make a difference in the world. So we’re driving back to that guiding principle. We’re looking to compose a class of talented leaders who come from many different backgrounds but share some common qualities. And those qualities might include curiosity, initiative, sense of purpose, energy, self-awareness, a real sense of others, and an ability to engage in a community, and a moral compass that points true north.
What kind of candidates do you actively avoid?
Think of the qualities I described, and think of their opposite. We want people who can come here and believe that they are as invested in their classmates’ learning as they are in their own. We’re looking for people who, over the whole course of their lives, have been givers versus takers, who are not bystanders but active participants.
Some applicants hire admissions consultants to try to game the system. Can you detect an application that’s written by an admissions consultant?
The written application is only one part of our process. We start with a written application, but we interview every applicant who is ultimately admitted. So we are not reliant only on a written application. I think we’re in a culture now where consultants are hired to do a lot of different things. We understand that some people - particularly those who do not work with people who have gone to business school, who do not have expertise in this admission process - we understand that seeking out advice is natural. But there is no such thing as a reputable consultant who will write business school applications.
Has the economic downturn increased your applicant pool in the past year?
Well, our applicant pool increased last year. . . . It was the second highest year. . . . (But) we have learned that we are not good macro predictors of general applicant trends. So we think that, yes, some people may turn to business school because of an economic downturn. On the other hand, some people may become more invested in staying in their jobs.
If a young executive is already on the corporate fast track, do you recommend that he or she come to Harvard Business School?
If they’re thinking about Harvard Business School, which is truly a transformational experience, I’d ask that person: Do you want to be open to that change? Do you want to find out different ways of doing things? Do you want to possibly have your plan completely turned around, find out things that you didn’t even know were possibilities for you?
What do students learn at Harvard Business School that they can’t learn at a Wharton or a Stanford?
I’m only speaking from a point of expertise about Harvard. It’s where I went to school, so I’m speaking as an alum and also as an admissions director. The case method, which is our pedagogy, is truly distinctive. We’re educating leaders to be effective. Leaders operate in gray areas. It’s not about the specific analytical tools you have in some imaginary toolbox. It’s developing the judgment to know which tool to use when, to be comfortable in uncertainty, to be able to make decisions day in and day out with imperfect information, not enough information, never enough time, and to be able to take a stand and to be able to communicate it to others and to bring people along with you.
作者: narcisuss 时间: 2009-9-21 11:02
谢谢回答。
再问，请问有iBT分数不到109的申请成功者吗？
作者: shirleyluye 时间: 2009-9-24 10:15
有个关于成绩单的问题。。我看到官网上说
You may upload an "unofficial" or student copy of your transcript; however, we will request an official copy for verification purposes should you be admitted to HBS.
这个offical copy是我的大学寄还是我寄阿。。我在毕业的时候已经开了带有学校seal并且密封的成绩单了，到时可以我寄吗。。因为我在异地念的书，而且学校出成绩单要付钱办手续要我自己回去的。。。要是要学校出我就还得回去。。请教一下各位。。谢谢。。
作者: halcyondays 时间: 2009-9-24 23:30
Please ignore my question about resume above I found out that HBS does require a 2-page resume. Thx.
作者: hard_runner 时间: 2009-9-28 02:57
托福和雅思差别大吗？我想要考雅思，因为以前考过。而且对托福机考有点顾虑，请问雅思在北美会被鄙视吗？托福110的话和雅思多少差不多啊。
作者: taixiKim 时间: 2009-9-28 21:58
请问是不是第二轮比第一轮的录取率低很多？
作者: thecow10000 时间: 2009-9-30 23:48
When does HBS typically send out interview invitations? This year's application deadline is 10/1... I'd assume that people should hear something by 11/10-11/15?
作者: dedeson 时间: 2009-10-2 14:44
请问一下
如果part-time work experience 三项有两项填重了；essay开头没有写question(which is required by HBS)，需要发信去解释或者修改吗？
谢谢！
作者: sh784533 时间: 2009-10-10 16:43
May I ask if HBS apply telephone interview in recent years? Will it continue to be so this year? Thanks!
作者: bigbenzhang 时间: 2009-10-20 19:13
怎么光看到问问题，没有回答啊？是不是都单独回答的？
G：720，5.5， T：112 （28、28、27、29）都是一战
我看到CD上的人的分数都好高，想问下想申HBS和wharton这样的学校，我是不是该把G考高点？时间比较紧张，个人是不想考的，就是不知道有没有必要。请斑竹enlighten me...
Many thanks...
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:28
1.我04年大学毕业，二类学校，GPA比较低，平均分在73左右，对于GPA，HBS是不是有底线要求？比如3.5以上...我本科学了两个专业，这个是不是会有一点帮助？
2.还是麻烦根据我的背景给一些意见，看是否有机会申请HBS。本科生物技术、计算机，双专业，毕业后在中科院的一个所里做结合两个专业背景的工作，工作了4年。期间做过了多个科技部、自然科学基金委、教育部等项目，是子课题负责人，又是一些商业项目的项目经理，主要做类似技术咨询和项目管理方面的工作。也有一些国际合作项目。08年底到500强的某快消，做内部咨询管理，负责亚洲区的供应链计划。
3.打算明年申请2011年的。如果我这种背景也多少有些机会的话，后面我需要重点准备哪些方面呢？谢谢
-- by 会员 chmask (2009/9/16 13:36:00)
1. Except for TOEFL, I haven't heard any explicit lower bound around other requirements. GPA is only a part of your application and strengths in other areas will help. You can talk about the challenge of taking on an additional area if you'd like but it's difficult to turn it into a positive discussion. Ultimately, it is an area that you can do nothing about now so I won't spend too much energy worrying about it.
2. Sounds like you've had a good variety of experience and insights into important business projects. You would never know about your "chance" until you give it a shot. Why give someone the opportunity to discourage you from pursuing that?
3. It's great that you're planning ahead. Utilize of the resources on CD (more than plenty), keep yourself motivated, tap into your network for help along the way, and you should be able to put together a solid package.
Good luck!
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:36
1. The online application for 2012 class doesn't ask for the Resume. Is this new? Were you required to upload the resume while applying Any common mistakes or things we should pay attention to? Please comment.
2. About interview lead-time. How many days we can have for preparation once we get the invitation?
-- by 会员 halcyondays (2009/9/21 1:18:00)
1. You don't have to put together a two-page document. I would argue one page is plenty and it's better to keep it short and sweet, especially given the stringent word limit on all the essays. It's part of your application and should complement the rest. Use it to highlight and showcase different aspects of you instead of a reiteration of the facts.
2. It depends on when you receive the invitation and some do come out the day before decision deadlines. It won't hurt to prepare preemptively.
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:39
再问，请问有iBT分数不到109的申请成功者吗？
-- by 会员 narcisuss (2009/9/21 11:02:00)
You will be at a disadvantage comparing to other applicants with higher scores but the end goal is to assess your language proficiency. If you can provide strong, consistent, and reliable evidences through other means, that may work just as well.
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:41
有个关于成绩单的问题。。我看到官网上说 You may upload an "unofficial" or student copy of your transcript; however, we will request an official copy for verification purposes should you be admitted to HBS. 这个offical copy是我的大学寄还是我寄阿。。我在毕业的时候已经开了带有学校seal并且密封的成绩单了，到时可以我寄吗。。因为我在异地念的书，而且学校出成绩单要付钱办手续要我自己回去的。。。要是要学校出我就还得回去。。请教一下各位。。谢谢。。
-- by 会员 shirleyluye (2009/9/24 10:15:00)
You should be able to send it yourself but I'd double check with the admissions office (and keep the communications record) to be sure. Good luck!
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:42
托福和雅思差别大吗？我想要考雅思，因为以前考过。而且对托福机考有点顾虑，请问雅思在北美会被鄙视吗？托福110的话和雅思多少差不多啊。
-- by 会员 hard_runner (2009/9/28 2:57:00)
I don't believe they accept other test scores. It won't hurt to double check with the admissions office though just in case they're willing to be flexible. Good luck!
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:45
请问是不是第二轮比第一轮的录取率低很多？
-- by 会员 taixiKim (2009/9/28 21:58:00)
I think the numbers they admit for R1 and R2 are comparable. This is just personal speculation but R2 applicants that you will be compared against would also have had the experience of applying for other schools and additional time to polish their applications. I would recommend submit as soon as you have a package that you are satisfied with, as early as possible. Good luck!
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:47
When does HBS typically send out interview invitations? This year's application deadline is 10/1... I'd assume that people should hear something by 11/10-11/15?
-- by 会员 thecow10000 (2009/9/30 23:48:00)
http://www.hbs.edu/mba/admissions/blog.html
We expect to begin sending out interview invitations on October 16. This year we may not be trying to send as many out on one day as we did last year... maybe more like a not-scientifically-measured stream until December 15.
Update on Round 1 Interviews
November 06, 2009
We are still sending out interview invitations - maybe 50 or so more may go out before December 15
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:51
如果part-time work experience 三项有两项填重了；essay开头没有写question(which is required by HBS)，需要发信去解释或者修改吗？
-- by 会员 dedeson (2009/10/2 14:44:00)
What's done is done and not much you can do about it. Unless you want to update them with new content, I won't stress too much.
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:52
May I ask if HBS apply telephone interview in recent years? Will it continue to be so this year? Thanks!
-- by 会员 sh784533 (2009/10/10 16:43:00)
http://www.hbs.edu/mba/admissions/blog.html
Update on Round 1 Interviews
Date: November 06, 2009
In terms of "where" these interviews might be held, we anticipate they would likely take place on campus in Boston during December or via telephone.
作者: yaoyao99 时间: 2009-12-4 04:57
怎么光看到问问题，没有回答啊？是不是都单独回答的？ G：720，5.5， T：112 （28、28、27、29）都是一战 我看到CD上的人的分数都好高，想问下想申HBS和wharton这样的学校，我是不是该把G考高点？时间比较紧张，个人是不想考的，就是不知道有没有必要。请斑竹enlighten me...
-- by 会员 bigbenzhang (2009/10/20 19:13:00)
I think they are a little preoccupied with end of term exams and recruiting events.
It never hurts to have a strong test score but yours already fall in the average range. I would recommend focusing on other parts of the application first and re-taking the exam only if you have ample energy and time left. Good luck!
作者: crispypeach 时间: 2009-12-4 21:35
A little bit unsure about this essay:
Write a cover letter to your application introducing yourself to the Admissions Board
Is it a statement of interest in HBS, contributions, career goals, and Why HBS? or a summary of application package. Could I write about my personality and attributes, basically what kind of person i am?
Thanks a lot!
作者: liverpool123 时间: 2010-3-25 15:28
我问下gmat作文看中的情况如何？我考G没管作文，觉得应该还好，这次结果只有2.5分，不知道是不是因为AA没认识单词题目没读懂。
gmat考了720，如果不影响，我就不准备再考了，托福到时候我会好好准备作文。
目前硕士毕业工作4年
作者: sss4262 时间: 2010-4-21 22:00
非常好的东西收藏了
作者: linmeimei 时间: 2010-6-21 14:20
弱弱的问一下。为什么 我在HBS网站上看到的都是MBA of 2013，而其他网站上写的都是2011年的，不太明白是说现在申请只能申请到2013年入学？
作者: chenhudaxue 时间: 2010-6-22 07:36
那是说2013年毕业。。。2011年入学。。。。
作者: simisaga 时间: 2010-8-4 17:43
感谢各位大牛~有几个问题在之前还没有被问到：
1） 职业目标想法不是很清晰（或者比较普遍），比如咨询转投行之类的，远期做NGO（具体没想好…），是否要美化一下？如何能使之看起来和其他申请者不同？
2）各位对school visit的看法？以及和这个问题相关的，面试地点的选择？（我是在大陆的申请人，看起来上海肯定是一个候选了，但是听说过去campus也会有很好的Exposure,不知各位怎么认为呢？）
谢谢！
作者: sweetcandy_g 时间: 2010-8-9 11:12
请问一下哈佛要求托福一定要109以上吗，有变通余地吗，例如107
作者: yoshimihoku 时间: 2010-8-13 18:19
有人说HBS没有托福考分要求，你去查他们的requirement就知道了
作者: infu 时间: 2010-8-16 06:00
Dear HBSClass2011,
I am a recent graduate and I am fortunate enough to have received offer from mckinsey/bain/bcg. But I also have offers from some small nordic investment banks. My question is, how important is the brand name of your company when applying to elite schools as Harvard? I know that mckinsey/bain/bcg is solid for hbs, but I am a sales & trading person and the banking offer would fit me better. However its only a local investment bank, not bulge brackets. I am worried about the bank itself is unknown in US and hence impair my chance of an admission. As an insider, are the people at HBS2011 with banking background purely from US top bulge brackets and/or MM (such as lazard, greenhill etc)?
作者: chengya 时间: 2010-11-11 01:49
Dear HBS Class 2011,
I have an important strategic question and would like to ask for your advice. The questions is whether I can give a serious shot for Harvard MBA?
My academic background is: I have a MD (GPA: 4.0) degree. And I got MS (GPA: 3.9) and Ph.D (GPA: 3.9) degrees from Virginia Tech. My MS and PhD major are molecular biology and biomedical sciences. I published many papers in good academic journals in my area. I attended lots of biggest national and international conference in my research area and gave many talks there and also won some awards too. Most of the research I did are from NIH and NSF grants. Above is my academic background.
My working experiences are following: I worked as a cardiologist for 2 years in China after I finished my MD. I attended some extra-curricular activities during that time, which involved in some management and leadership roles. I worked in American Universities for about two years ( as a team leader in a big lab). And worked in a startup biotech company in Virginia about one year ( as a senior scientist). During the first 3 months when I worked in that industry, I helped the company submitted a NIH small business innovation grant and got it successfully approved.
My long term career goal: I want to do high level management in big biotech/pharmaceutical industry in USA. I think my MD, PhD background plus my medical and biomedical working experience will be helpful in this area.
HBS MBA is my DREAMED school(when I was a little girl, I dreamed to go there one day), and actually is the only school I want to apply for. You can see how much I LOVE it!
My current issue: My GMAT score is not very high ( Q:50, V: 29; total 660). But I know GMAT is one of the factors to measure a candidate's academic potential. Some friends told me that because I have relatively strong GPA and other academic background (such as MD/PhD degrees, publication, presentations, etc.), I should be able to balance the GMAT score by those stuff. Also, I know that every year there are some students were accepted by HBS MBA with a GMAT score beyond around 600. I am a girl and originally from China with a non-traditional major (hopefully HBS should like these kinds of diversity).
I really want to apply for the 2nd round of HBS MBA (the deadline is Jan. 2011), but really worry about my GMAT score. But if I do have a chance, I will give it a shot. But if I don't have any chance because of the GMAT score, I have to think about re-take it. That means I may miss this year's application and this is the situation I really don't want it happen.
Could you please give me some advice or opinion on whether I can give a SERIOUS shot of Harvard MBA this year if I have the essays and other materials prepared very well?. I need to make a decision asap and then make my plan for the next step.
.....If I plan to re-take GMAT at the beginning of Dec, do you think it's a better choice. In other words, do you recommend me to re-take the test? If I re-take the test on Dec. 9, I will have about one month left to prepare for all the other stuff in the application package, since the deadline for the 2nd round HBS application is Jan.11. If I work on them full time and work really hard, do you think I am able to finish all the other stuff in the application package in time?
作者: magickame 时间: 2010-11-13 03:28
I need to ask about 2＋2 MBA program.
Currently I am the college senior student and I still have one more year to graduate.
Am I qualify for the 2+2 program? I called the admission office, however, they said they had no idea about it.
I'm kind of confused.
作者: irisyemao 时间: 2010-11-13 19:18
I would like to ask for advice for almost the same situation.
Dear HBS Class 2011,
I have an important strategic question and would like to ask for your advice. The questions is whether I can give a serious shot for Harvard MBA?
My academic background is: I have a MD (GPA: 4.0) degree. And I got MS (GPA: 3.9) and Ph.D (GPA: 3.9) degrees from Virginia Tech. My MS and PhD major are molecular biology and biomedical sciences. I published many papers in good academic journals in my area. I attended lots of biggest national and international conference in my research area and gave many talks there and also won some awards too. Most of the research I did are from NIH and NSF grants. Above is my academic background.
My working experiences are following: I worked as a cardiologist for 2 years in China after I finished my MD. I attended some extra-curricular activities during that time, which involved in some management and leadership roles. I worked in American Universities for about two years ( as a team leader in a big lab). And worked in a startup biotech company in Virginia about one year ( as a senior scientist). During the first 3 months when I worked in that industry, I helped the company submitted a NIH small business innovation grant and got it successfully approved.
My long term career goal: I want to do high level management in big biotech/pharmaceutical industry in USA. I think my MD, PhD background plus my medical and biomedical working experience will be helpful in this area.
HBS MBA is my DREAMED school(when I was a little girl, I dreamed to go there one day), and actually is the only school I want to apply for. You can see how much I LOVE it!
My current issue: My GMAT score is not very high ( Q:50, V: 29; total 660). But I know GMAT is one of the factors to measure a candidate's academic potential. Some friends told me that because I have relatively strong GPA and other academic background (such as MD/PhD degrees, publication, presentations, etc.), I should be able to balance the GMAT score by those stuff. Also, I know that every year there are some students were accepted by HBS MBA with a GMAT score beyond around 600. I am a girl and originally from China with a non-traditional major (hopefully HBS should like these kinds of diversity)
.
I really want to apply for the 2nd round of HBS MBA (the deadline is Jan. 2011), but really worry about my GMAT score. But if I do have a chance, I will give it a shot. But if I don't have any chance because of the GMAT score, I have to think about re-take it. That means I may miss this year's application and this is the situation I really don't want it happen.
Could you please give me some advice or opinion on whether I can give a SERIOUS shot of Harvard MBA this year if I have the essays and other materials prepared very well?. I need to make a decision asap and then make my plan for the next step.
.....If I plan to re-take GMAT at the beginning of Dec, do you think it's a better choice. In other words, do you recommend me to re-take the test? If I re-take the test on Dec. 9, I will have about one month left to prepare for all the other stuff in the application package, since the deadline for the 2nd round HBS application is Jan.11. If I work on them full time and work really hard, do you think I am able to finish all the other stuff in the application package in time?
-- by 会员 chengya (2010/11/11 1:49:01)
作者: xiaoluoluo 时间: 2011-8-31 11:07
请问GMAT730够嘛？因为听说中国学生不到750基本没戏......
作者: 大鱼丸 时间: 2013-1-20 14:48
请问国内政府经济部门公务员背景对申请MBA有帮助么
作者: zhouzuozz 时间: 2013-3-29 17:07
mark 一记
作者: devilmars 时间: 2016-6-17 16:34
mark一下，虽然是老贴，还是有很多好的信息的。
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