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标题: prep1 essay6到底在说什么？ [打印本页]

作者: Melodyyang90 时间: 2009-5-17 14:30
标题: prep1 essay6到底在说什么？

看了很多遍虽然第一次做题时没怎么错但就是不太理解这篇文章的意思希望有人能帮我大概翻译一下谢啦～

Essay #6. 145 (21972-!-item-!-188;#058&00145-00)

Colonial historian David Allen's intensive study of five communities in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship on the detailed microcosmic level, and is convincing up to a point. Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity existed between English and colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization than other historians have suggested. However, he overstates his case with the declaration that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country."

Such an assertion ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England. First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely populated and labor-hungry. Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases. Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect. Fourth, a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic resident squires; no such class existed in New England. By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted picture of reality.

Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding. Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.

Question #17. 145-03 (22018-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-03)

According to the passage, which of the following was true of most villages in seventeenth-century England?

(A) The resident squire had significant authority.

(B) Church members were selected on the basis of their social status within the community.

(D) There was little diversity in local institutions from one region to another.

(E) National events had little impact on local customs and administrative organization.

Question #18. 145-05 (22064-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-05)

The passage suggests that Professor Clive Holmes would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

(A) An understanding of seventeenth-century English local institutions requires a consideration of national issues.

(B) The "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history distorts historical evidence in order to establish continuity between old and new institutions.

(D) National issues are best understood from the perspective of those at the local level.

(E) Local histories of seventeenth-century English villages have contributed little to the understanding of village life.

Question #19. 145-07 (22110-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-07)

It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passage considers Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be

(A) already known to earlier historians

(B) based on a logical fallacy

(D) an unexplained, isolated fact

(E) a new, insightful observation

Question #20. 145-08 (22156-!-item-!-188;#058&000145-08)

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

(A) substantiating a claim about a historical event

(B) reconciling two opposing ideas about a historical era

(D) analyzing two approaches to scholarly research and evaluating their methodologies

(E) criticizing a particular study and the approach to historical scholarship it represents

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-5-17 14:33:10编辑过]

作者: ny_915 时间: 2009-5-21 15:45
我的一点拙见，请指教：

Colonial historian David Allen's intensive study of five communities in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship on the detailed microcosmic level, and is convincing up to a point（主旨定位）. Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity existed between English and colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization than other historians have suggested. However, he overstates his case with the declaration that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country."

DA的研究：精深，比其他任何历史学家都更加强调English和colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization的一致性。

但是，DA的研究过分强调了区域的一致性（还是一致性）

Such an assertion ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England. First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely populated and labor-hungry. Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases. Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect. Fourth, a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic resident squires（Q17答案改写）; no such class existed in New England. By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted picture of reality.

这样的断言忽略了1）2）3）and 4）个不同。G\D\L三个人指出：DA的研究局限于village institutions而忽略了这些如此重要的差异，从而歪曲了事实。

Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues(Q18答案，取非） from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding. （Q19答案，我们所了解的历史并非如此） Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.

DA的研究是“CC”学派一个相当极端的例子（暗示实际上，不是所有CC学派的都这么极端），Prof.CH指出：他们过分的排除了所有的national issues。但是呢，作者认为DA的发现（如puritan的例子）对理解历史问题有一定的启发作用。对于local history的研究大大开阔了我们的知识面，但是错就错在这些学者认为village institutions（大概意思同local history）就是所有要考虑的问题了，仅仅因为village institutions的作用来自于village institutions本身的记录。

主旨：批判了一个具体的研究以及这个学派的研究方法。

------------------

答案已修改，原先误将主旨写成Q19，因为印象里Q19是个主旨题。

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/8/9 11:32:32编辑过]

作者: Melodyyang90 时间: 2009-5-23 15:04
标题: 十分感谢：）
分析的很到位，让我对这篇文章有了很好的理解。Thanks~ : )，之前是我太粗心大意了，很多细节都被忽略。

作者: xyhfun 时间: 2009-5-29 14:30
我就莫考了这篇错了一半哦。郁闷，历史类的很难读懂

作者: meixu11 时间: 2009-6-14 14:40
标题: 回复：（ny_915）我的一点拙见，请指教：Colonial his...

以下是引用ny_915在2009-5-21 15:45:00的发言：
我的一点拙见，请指教：

Colonial historian David Allen's intensive study of five communities in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship on the detailed microcosmic level, and is convincing up to a point（Q19定位）. Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity existed between English and colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization than other historians have suggested. However, he overstates his case with the declaration that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country."

DA的研究：精深，比其他任何历史学家都更加强调English和colonial agricultural practices and administrative organization的一致性。

但是，DA的研究过分强调了区域的一致性（还是一致性）

Such an assertion ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England. First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely populated and labor-hungry. Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases. Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect. Fourth, a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic resident squires（Q17答案改写）; no such class existed in New England. By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted picture of reality.

这样的断言忽略了1）2）3）and 4）个不同。G\D\L三个人指出：DA的研究局限于village institutions而忽略了这些如此重要的差异，从而歪曲了事实。

Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues(Q18答案，取非） from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes. What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding. Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.

主旨：批判了一个具体的研究以及这个学派的研究方法。

分析的很精彩！！但是你写出的Q19的出题点我觉得不大对！应该在文章末端才提出对A的discovery的评价。

大家觉得呢？

作者: 斯咏 时间: 2009-7-26 17:58

整体概念还好，可细节都是很模糊

作者: 斯咏 时间: 2009-7-26 18:02

感谢NY的分析

同意ls,Q19的定位应该在倒数第三行

if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/7/26 18:02:14编辑过]

作者: joannelu 时间: 2009-9-25 16:26
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? --谁能把这句翻译一下啊，不知道什么意思。

作者: zcool 时间: 2010-4-23 01:35
我觉得#19就是定位于下面这句，
We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding

注意if at all是插入语，这句的意思是
：我们没有被告知通过什么途径这个discovery阐述对历史的理解

所以：the discovery is unexplained, isolated fact.也就是第二句回答的问题
D对。

作者: lovepiao 时间: 2010-5-12 20:56
一楼的MM分析的很彻底很棒！
但是19题我还不是太懂。。。。我总觉得按最后一句话理解应该是一些大-小+的评价~~~貌似和D没有什么关系~
如果像ls说的一样，那个fact是怎么得出来的？

作者: siddevil 时间: 2010-8-2 00:27
1楼分析的真好，脉络很清楚！

作者: mapleaf 时间: 2010-9-19 13:49
By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted picture of reality.
这句话我有个小更正，毕竟1楼是为了说明整个文章的意思，对这个小细节没有在意。不应该翻译成 “G,D,L指出。。。。，”

我来试着翻译一下:

通过缩窄对village institutions的关注和忽略G,D,L之前表明很重要的这些关键差异， Allen有些扭曲事实。前面都是状语，Allen 是这句话的主语。

作者: birdmiao 时间: 2010-10-13 23:15
为什么19题不是选择B呢？最后一句不是说a mistake吗？

作者: KIMMI0330 时间: 2010-10-23 23:20
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding.
这段话什么意思呢??

作者: tata9055 时间: 2010-10-31 09:42
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminates historical understanding

我觉得这段话主要是说这个Discovery没什么用。即使说明了关于puritan的这样一个事实，但是没有什么用。而且也没告诉我们怎么用。
——拙见。

作者: 小甜菜的宝宝 时间: 2011-5-13 19:06
We are not told in whatway, if at all, this discoveryilluminates historical understanding.
我们不知道是何种方式，表示我们承认这个事实，只是这个没有被解释清楚，所以是fact。嘿嘿，看了讨论我才领悟这个小细节

作者: cloudballoon 时间: 2011-5-22 21:59
以下是我對一些文句的見解但是不確定對不隊希望大家一起來推敲推敲囉˙!!!!!!

What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come to the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England? Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.

例如，從A的發現中啥結論可以下?(因為她的例子都太偏頗) A的發現是清教徒神職人員從東英格蘭來到殖民地(NZ)在1660年回去的比例與那些從北部和西部英格蘭來再回去的比例都是1/3~1/2之間 (也就是說隨然是從不同地區來的但都是大概2.多人會回去1個人)

我們無法以任何方式回答(找出結論) 即使這個發現有闡明一些歷史上的理解

區域性的歷史可以大大的開拓我們的視野，但是那些區域歷史的作者犯了一個錯就是推定說村里機構都很重要只是因為區域歷史的功能全都是由村里機構的紀錄揭露 (所以說太拘泥在這些細節上了沒有宏觀的去觀察囉~)

另外，想問下句要怎麼翻譯比較好!!!

the "country community" school of seventeenth-century English history

謝謝

作者: lyx6117 时间: 2012-4-7 11:48
读的时候也被school搞晕了，后来查了一下，a school of是指一个学派。

作者: Vivian1091 时间: 2013-7-24 19:23
看了大家的讨论，很受启发，一点拙见：

19，从作者的态度观点来看，对这个discovery的态度肯定是否定的，排除ACE.
What conclusion can be drawn, from Allen's discovery that ( Puritan clergy [who had come to the colonies from East Anglia] were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England ) ?这个句子是个疑问句，what不是主语从句，what conclusion can be drawn from A’s discovery? We are not told in what way, if at all, this discovery illuminated historical understanding.
从A的发现中我们可以得出什么结论？，A的发现就是圆括号的一堆同位语从句中的东西。我们不知道用什么方法，如果我们知道用什么方法了，这个发现就可以。。。
总结一下就是，我们知道发现的内容，圆括号，我们不知道从发现中可以得出什么结论，我们也不知道用什么方法可以得出这些结论。这个发现是个无法解释的，孤立的事实。无法解释，是因为不知道能得出啥结论。用什么方法。事实，是因为，作者并没有对发现内容本身做评价，或者否定，只是说这个发现是孤立的，从中没办法延伸出其他结论。

作者: helenran 时间: 2014-9-5 11:48

joannelu 发表于 2009-9-25 16:26
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had come t ...

谢谢~明白了

作者: elevenly1011 时间: 2015-8-18 20:09
求教各位大牛为什么b based on a logical fallacy不对？最后一句说 but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal. 不就是说allen仅仅因为village institutions的作用来自于village institutions本身的记录，就认为village institutions就都这样，那么“仅仅因为...”是allen理论的assumption,那么他的理论就是based on a logical fallacy，不知道b为什么错呀。。。求指点！

作者: junichishi 时间: 2015-9-1 23:25
好人一生平安

作者: madam27 时间: 2016-7-29 08:33
Q19
It can be inferred from the passage that the author of the passageconsiders Allen's "discovery" (see highlighted text) to be

(A) already known toearlier historians

(B) based on a logicalfallacy

(D) an unexplained,isolated fact

(E) a new, insightfulobservation

定位:
What conclusion canbe drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery that Puritan clergy who had cometo the colonies from East Anglia were one-third to one-half as likely to returnto England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northernEngland? We are not told in what way, ifat all, this discoveryilluminates historical understanding.
翻译: 通过Allen的discovery我们能得出什么结论呢？Allen没有告诉我们这个discovery如何解释了历史 ->这个发现是没有被解释

discovery 同义置换: fact
illuinates 同意置换: explain

作者: Milo丶 时间: 2017-6-4 20:34
Essay #6精读.  145 (21972-!-item-!-188;#058&00145-00)

Colonial（殖民地的）historian（历史学家） David Allen's intensive（深入细致的） study of five communities（村社；社会，集体；） in seventeenth-century Massachusetts is a model of meticulous scholarship（细致的学术） on the detailed microcosmic（微观水平） level, and is convincing up to a point.
DA历史学家深入研究了17世纪M这个地方的五个村落。
Allen suggests that much more coherence and direct continuity (existed between English and colonial agricultural practices农业惯例) and administrative（行政的、管理的） organization（行政组织） than other historians have suggested.
DA比别的历史学家更多的表明了在国家事件和当地习俗、行政组织之间有一致性、有关系。
However, he overstates（夸大） his case with the declaration（宣言，布告） that he has proved "the remarkable extent to which diversity in New England local institutions was directly imitative of regional differences in the mother country.（New England的diversity 是模仿 England的差异）"
DA过分强调了England和New England之间“diversity”多样性的一致性也是模仿的。

Such an assertion（主张，断言） ignores critical differences between seventeenth-century England and New England.
他这么过分强调就忽略了17世纪England和New England之间的不同了。
First, England was overcrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely（稀少的） populated and labor-hungry.
Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality（死亡率）; New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, was virtually free from infectious diseases.
Third, England had an all-embracing state church; in New England membership in a church was restricted to the elect.
Fourth, [q17]a high proportion of English villagers lived under paternalistic（家长式统治的） resident squires（(地主阶级的)乡绅，老爷）; no such class existed in New England.
England(17-century) New England
First 人口拥挤、土地稀缺人口稀少、劳动力稀缺
Second 正常死亡率免疫感染类疾病
Third 包括一切的教会教会成员限制参与选举
Fourth 地主乡绅阶级拥有家长式权利没有乡绅阶级

By narrowing his focus to village institutions and ignoring these critical differences, which studies by Greven, Demos, and Lockridge have shown to be so important, Allen has created a somewhat distorted（曲解） picture of reality.
（DA这个学者有些忽视并且曲解了曾经被被别人研究的这些不同。）

Allen's work is a rather extreme example of [the "country community" school（cc学派） of seventeenth-century English history (whose intemperate（无节制的） excesses in <removing all national issues（国情） from the history of that period> have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.[q18])  ]
DA的工作是 17世纪英国cc学派的很典型的例子。 Cc学派：无节制的把所有国家问题都从那段历史中移除。
Allen的作品是属于“country community”这个学派的极端的例子，Professor Clive Holmes已经曝光了这个学派的过激之处在于其所有判断都排除了当时的国情。（解析中的翻译）
What conclusion can be drawn, for example, from Allen's discovery [that Puritan clergy (who had come to the colonies from East Anglia<就是England的阿拉伯语>) were one-third to one-half as likely to return to England by 1660 as were Puritan ministers from western and northern England]?
从DA研究成果（[]括起来的部分）中能得到什么结论？ DA研究成果：[从东英来的PC教徒有三分之一或者一半的可能像从西英或北英的教徒一样返回到England]
We are not told in what way, if at all,[q19] this discovery illuminates（说明(问题等)；启发，启蒙） historical understanding.
没有得知什么结论，不过，这个发现说明了历史上的理解。
我们不知道是什么方法，如果这种方法的存在话，这个发现将会点亮历史的认识。
Studies of local history have enormously expanded our horizons, but it is a mistake for their authors to conclude that village institutions are all that mattered, simply because their functions are all that the records of village institutions reveal.
虽然DA对英国历史的研究极大的拓宽了我们的视野；但是那是错的：他们的作者得出结论 <村落就是那样的，因为他们的历史记录揭露的就是那样的。>

我做了一下这篇文章的精读，希望分享给你。

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